Overview on international BIPV research activities · EU PVSEC Acceleration of BIPV by...

EU PVSEC Acceleration of BIPV by international collaboration

21 June 2016

Dr. Pierluigi BonomoISAAC-Advanced Building Skin TeamSwiss BiPV Competence Centre

Mehrzweckhalle Preisegg -Hasle bei Burgdorf (2013) Source: SUPSI-BFE

Overview on international BIPV research activities


Photovoltaics at SUPSI, since 1982

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(photo: TISO-ISAAC)


BIPV at SUPSI, since 2004

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(source: Swiss BIPV Competence Centre)

2004: LEEE-TISO projects on BIPV

With a workshop, specialists of photovoltaics,

Architects, Industry and the Public sector

began the dialog on obstacles, promising

potentials and direction of research on BIPV.

Swiss BIPV Competence Centre

Our first project :

«Swiss PV test centre – TISO and BiPV

project 2003-2006»


Summary

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• Introduction, research in BIPV

• 15 key-topics in BIPV research

• For not concluding…a question

Flumroc Headquarter in Zurich, Viridén + Partner AG PIcture: SUPSI-EnergieSchweiz


BIPV …an adventure started with architecture

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Housing Development in Munich (D), Thomas Herzog with Fraunhofer ISE , 1979-82(source: Herzog+Partner Archive)


Research in solar architecture

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<In the northern side we will havevaulted buildings, tightly closed andwithout openings, rather exposed tothe hottest sector. On the contrary inthe parts that suffer the vehemenceof the sun, the houses will have moreopenings and will be facing north,north-east, so as to overcome thedisadvantages of nature witharchitectural features>

Mashrabiya (above) and Heolian House (Below)

0 1000 2000

Vitruvius. De Architectura, Libro VI, 15 a.C.


Research in solar buildings, between memory and (r)evolution

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MIT Solar House I (prof. H.C. Hottel), MIT campus, 1939 (source: Solar Dechatlon)


The fundamental. What is integration?

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BIPV, beyond energy production

More than an electrical device…

…environment…landscape…urban and building quality…aesthetics and architectural quality…building skin and requirements…economic feasibilty…institutional and legal framework…building process…socio-cultural aspects…behavioral changes

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International BIPV research activities

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IEA_PVPS Task 7 1997-2001

1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

T. Herzog, Munich, 1979-82 Stadtwerke Aachen, 1991

PV ACCEPT2001-2004

R. Disch, Solar Siedlung, Home+, Solar Decathlon, 2012 ARUP Foresight, Building 2050

IEA_SHC Task 41 2009-2012


IEA_PVPS Task 15 2015-2018

2007-2010

2008-2012 2012-20162004-2007

2011

-201

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Projects, Platforms

Architecture

2013

-17


Passive and Hybrid Solar L.E.BuildingsIEA_SHC Task 8 1982-1988

Debates, conferences(Europe+US)

1990-1996


BIPV, which levels of innovation?

• Aesthetics/ArchitectureLanguage of architecture, standardization vs customization, design flexibility

• Multifunctionality/Building technologyMultifunctionality, building product, building skin, building performances

• Process integrationIntegration in architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) real/digital process

(cost-effectiveness, unitized elements, software tools etc.)

• Cultural, behavioral changeP

eopl

e……

proc

ess…

…pr

oduc

t

Technology

Process

People


Photovoltaics and materials

A new dialog, a new semanthics

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Casa Solara in Laax (CH), MGT esys(picture: SUPSI-EnergieSchweiz)

Masdar insitute Campus, 2007-2008, Dubai-UAE, Foster+Partners

Casa Solara in Laax (CH), MGT esys(picture: SUPSI-EnergieSchweiz)

CSEM facade, Neuchatel (CH)(picture: SUPSI-EnergieSchweiz)


Photovoltaics and architecture

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Norman Foster Solar Award 2013: Das Büro Viridén+Partner, 107%-PEB-Sanierung Viridén, 8590 Romanshorn/TG Umwelt Arena / Rene Schmid Architekten, 2012, NFSA

Integration at building scale


Photovoltaics and cityIntegration at urban scale

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California Academy of Sciences, 2008, San Francisco (USA) Renzo Piano Buinding Workshop

Masdar insitute Campus, 2007-2008, Dubai-UAE, Foster+Partners


15 key-topics in BIPV

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1. BiPV and…multifunctionality

The acronym BiPV is referredto systems in which thephotovoltaic element (PV),along with the role to produceenergy, becomes a buildingcomponent, integrated part ofarchitecture and building skin

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Endesa Pavillion, Barcellona


2. BIPV and…PV technology

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• CrystallineLow cost and high conversion efficiency cells (Heterojunction, PERC, SWCT…)

• Thin filmsCIS,CIGS, etc…symbiosis of architectural design, functional properties

• Third generation PVOrganic Photovoltaics (OPV), Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC), new opportunities


3. BIPV as…part of the building skin

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Which level?• Basis constructive element

Material, cell….module, basic element(e.g. tile, cladding panel, etc.)

• Functional constructive elementSystem satisfying a part of the performance demand for the building skin (e.g. roof tiling system, cladding system)

• Modular-unitized BIPV construction system optimally combining BIPV modules with building/electrical sub-constructions (prefabrication, plug & play, etc.)

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Solaire Face Intec

CSEM

MEYER Burger Megaslate


4. BIPV as…construction component

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• Building envelope engineeringBuilding skin detailed engineering, performance-based design approach, culture of construction detail

• Building standard complianceQualification as a building product(CPR 305/2011-CE Marking , building codes and design approaches, EN 50583)

• Technological innovation (of the building skin)Modularity, lightweight, easy mounting, adaptability/flexibility, durability

Reference: P. Bonomo et al., Overview and analysis of current BIPV products: new criteria for supporting the technological transfer in the building sector, VITRUVIO - International Journal of Architectural Technology and Sustainability,

Source: Designergy

Source: SUPSI


5. BIPV and…front layer technology

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What is a BIPV module?

• Is it a PV module with glass in front?

Cells are efficiently exposed to sun

• Is it an architectural glass with cells behind?

Cells are visually/energetically filtered

• Is it a building material producing “also” energy?

Cells are hidden/submitted to aesthetics

CSEM white module

Solar Silo, Basel (photo: SUPSI)ENERGY CHALLENGE , HSLU


6. BIPV and…manufacturing

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• Standardizationmodular, prefabricated, pre-assembled and easy mounting system

• CustomizationAesthetics and performance (cell’s arrangement, color, material layering, adaptive performance of the building skin)

• Mass customizationTechnology and flexible work processes in order to customize systems in high volumes and at a relatively low cost.

Source: Flisom

Source: SUPSI-Construct PV

Glas Troesch

Source: Meyer Burger

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• Which is the target?Symbolic architecture vs residential, Retrofit market, commercial/industrial

• Cost-effectiveness(LCC, LCOE, investment costs, €/kWp, €/m2, €/kWh, etc…)

• Which is the language of PV?Optimal balance between aesthetics and energy performance

• Integrated approachFrom design to operation

Renovation in Romanshorn (CH), Viriden +Partners (Photo: SUPSI-UFE)

7. BIPV …from status to mass market?


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(Source: http://www.arup.com/homepage_imagining_buildings_of_the_future.aspx)

“…part of an urban ecosystemproducing food and energy, providingclean air and water… buildings evolvefrom being passive shells, intoadaptive and responsive organisms -living and breathing structuressupporting the cities of tomorrow”

(J. Hargrave, ARUP)

8. BIPV …and nZEB…and future building visions


• Life cycle assessment of PV

• Life cycle assessment of building products

• LCA of BIPV skin: from harvest of raw materials through manufacturing, transportation, installation, use, maintenance and disposal or recycling

•

(Sources: PVPS, Life Cycle Assessment of Future Photovoltaic Electricity Production from Residential-scale Systems Operated in Europe, 2015

Khagendra P. Bhandarib et al, Energy payback time (EPBT) and energy return on energy invested (EROI) of solar photovoltaic systems: A systematic review and meta-analysis)

9. BIPV …and environment in the life-cycle


10. BIPV…from product to (AEC) process

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Integration in a building-based process:

- Integration in the AEC real process

- Integration in the AEC digital process (BIM-based)

- Innovative approaches and tools supporting the integration of BIPV in all the building process/life-cycle and value-chain


Innovative tools for:

• Algorithms for PV performance,

detailed mismatch losses , optimizer

for the design of PV plants

• Interoperability in a BIM-based process

11. BIPV…from real to digital process

Source: Insun Source: SUPSI- Construct PV


12. Cultural innovation: integration…in knowledge

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Transfer knowledge from research (scientific, industrial and architectural) to real practice through:

- Communication and dissemination- Supporting tools and information

Integrated approach (technology, architecture, energy)

Multi-level and synergic perspective(building, product, process)

Source: SUPSI-Construct PV


13. Architectural innovation: integration…in the concept

MFH MÜHLEBACHSTRASSE_HUFGASSE, Kämpfen (photo: SUPSI-EnergieSchweiz)

“… an acceptance of solar technology in construction by the general public can only be achieved by means of convincing visual ideas and examples… the use of environmentally friendly forms of energy must be planned from a holistic point of view. …Renewable forms of energy present an opportunity to make life in cities more attractive”

(Thomas Herzog, Charter for Solar Energy in Architecture and Urban Planning, 2007)


14. BIPV…and the images of integrated Photovoltaics(photo: SUPSI-EnergieSchweiz)(photo: SUPSI-Construct PV)


15. BIPV…mimicry or semantics of PV?

Plus-Energie-Haus in Zurich. Viridén + Partner AG (source: www.ee-news.ch) Kohle Silo in Basel, Baüburo In situ AG (Picture: SUPSI-EnergieSchwez)


BIPV: the challenge of making building skin active

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For not concluding, a question

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What is innovation in BIPV?

…we can consider lessonslearnt from the past

- The «technological transfer» process of «new» materialsin building sector

- How plants and services, since XVIII century, sculptedarchitecture

- How new technologiestransformed buildings

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Centre Beaubourg, RPBW, Paris, 1969-74

Yale University Art Gallery, Luois Kahn, 1953


An example: the steel in architecture

The technological transfer of steel in architecture sinceXVIII century has beencarachterized by differentsteps of innovation

First step: Reference to past archetypes(permanence, mimesis of technology). The first ironbridge still used the woodconstruction techniques34

Severn «Iron Bridge» ( 1779-1781) is the first metallic bridge in the history of consttruction.


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Second step: tecnomorphism(expression of the technique)

The past survivals disappearin a new, authentic, languageand use of the «new» technology

Millau Bridge, Foster + Partners, 2004.

From integration to innovation


Overview, wider picture

«Of course, our failures are a consequence ofmany factors, but possibly one of the mostimportant is the fact that society operates on thetheory that specialization is the key to success, notrealizing that specialization precludescomprehensive thinking».

R. Buckminster Fuller, Operating Manual for Spaceship Earth, 1963 US architect & engineer (1895 - 1983)

http://www.pv-landscapes.com/

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A change of paradigm

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Swiss Tech Centre-EPFL, Lausanne (Photo: SUPSI)

“My expectation is that such panels will be integrated into the very fabric of the walls and roof and the shape or form of the buildings will also be sculpted by the solar cycle to maximize the input of its energy. I’ve never seen a conflict between the pursuit of aesthetic delight and high performance in terms of sustainability”

Lord Norman Foster, Swiss solar prize 2010, pp.3-4


…our path towards a solar built environment

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We support you with quality

Dr. Pierluigi BonomoISAAC-Advanced Building Skin TeamSwiss BiPV Competence Centre

[email protected] www.bipv.ch

Overview on international BIPV research activities · EU PVSEC Acceleration of BIPV by...

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