Overview of the 19th ICLS Resolution concerning statistics ... ICLS.pdfILO Department of Statistics...

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Overview of the 19th ICLS

“Resolution concerning

statistics of work, employment and

labour underutilization”

Tite Habiyakare, Senior Statistician,

Regional Economic and Social Analysis Unit (RESA)

ILO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific

[email protected]

Contents

• International standards setting in labour statistics

• Scope of new standards and concept of work statistics

• New concept of employment

• Labour force and labour underutilization

ILO Department of Statistics 2

mailto:[email protected]

2

International standards setting in

labour statistics



International Conference of Labour

Statisticians (ICLS)

• Global standard-setting mechanism in

labour statistics

• ILO hosts & acts as Secretariat

• Meets every 5 years (since 1923)

• Tripartite structure: Governments

(NSO, MoL), Employers’ and Workers’

representatives

• Observers: International and regional

organizations, NGOs

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ICLS Resolutions & Guidelines:

Main Topics

• Work, employment, labour underutilization

• Child labour

• Working time

• Employment-related income

• Informal sector employment

• Informal employment

• ISCO (occupations)

• ICSE (status in employment)

• Household income and expenditure statistics

• Consumer price indices

• Occupational injuries

• Strikes and lockouts

• Social security

• Collective agreements

• Labour costs

• Gender mainstreaming

• Dissemination practices

http://www.ilo.org/global/statistics-and-databases/standards-and-guidelines/lang--en/index.htm

19th ICLS Resolution: scope and concept

of work statistics













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Why the need for revision?

18th ICLS and UNSC, 39th session (2008)

• In response to calls to address limitations of unemployment

statistics (2003 job crisis; 2008 financial crisis)

• Provide measures of labour underutilization, beyond

unemployment

• Recognize and provide framework for measurement of all work,

paid and unpaid

• Respond to emerging social and economic information needs (not

just labour market dynamics, but also household livelihoods, beyond

GDP indicators, ...).

7 ILO Department of Statistics

Illustration: Unemployment rate too

limited to reflect labour market slacks


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Concept of Work (§ 6, 19th ICLS Resol. I)

1st international statistical definition

“Any activity performed

by persons of any sex and age

to produce goods or to provide services

for use by others or for own use”

• Irrespective of legality, context and person status

• Excludes

– Activities that do not satisfy the third person criterion

– Activities that do not produce goods or services (begging,...)

• Consistent with the scope of productive activities

– Within the SNA General production boundary

– Complete accounting (“national” and “satellite” accounts)


Work and the 2008 SNA


Activities

Productive activities

Market units Incorporated, unincorporated

Goods Services

Non-market units Government, Non-profit institutions

Services Goods

Households producing for own final use

Goods Services

Non-productive activities

Self-care Sleeping Learning

Own-recreation Begging Stealing

General

production

boundary

SNA

production

boundary

New concept of “Work” == ALL productive activities

Previous activity scope for “employment”

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Forms of work & basic concepts

• Own-use production work

– Activities to produce goods & services mainly for own final use by household

• Employment work

– Activities to produce goods & services [for others in exchange] for pay or profit

• Unpaid trainee work

– Activities to produce goods & services for others performed without pay in order to

acquire workplace experience or skills

• Volunteer work

– Non-compulsory activities performed without pay to produce goods and services

for others

• Other work activities

– E.g. Compulsory activities performed without pay to produce goods & services for

others


Persons in employment -

Concept & main changes


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Form of work: Employment


Work (i.e. ALL activities to produce goods and services)

For own final use (by households)

Own-use production

work

For use by others (i.e. other units)

For remuneration (i.e. for pay or profit)

Employment (work for pay or profit)

Without remuneration

Unpaid trainee work

Other work activities

(e.g. unpaid compulsory

work)

Volunteer work

Services Goods S G S G G S Services Goods

Persons in employment

Operational definition (19th ICLS Resol. I, § 27-32)

Two groups

– Employed, at work:

• Worked for pay or profit for at least 1 hour

– Employed, not at work:

• Worked already in the job, but not at work due to:

– Working time arrangement (shift work, flexitime)

– Temporary absence (expects to return within short period)


Persons of “working age who, during a short reference

period”, (last “seven days or one week”, § 19.a),

“were engaged in any activity

to produce goods or provide services for pay or profit”

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Labour force status classification

ILO Department of Statistics 15 ILO Department of Statistics 15

Working age population (a + b + c)

With job for pay /

profit, not at work

a. Employed

NOT EMPLOYED

(without work for pay/ profit)

b. Unemployed

In short reference period,

worked for pay / profit for 1+ hours

Seeking work for pay/profit

Y

Y

Y

N

N

Labour force (a + b) c. Outside the labour force

N

Y

N

Available

Employment & unemployment statistics

as per previous standards....


Employed Unemployed Inactive

ALL OTHERS, whether or not:

ALL who work for training

ALL who produce goods for

own final use

ALL who volunteer for organizations

Who volunteer to produce goods for

households

-Provide services for own final use

-Volunteer providing services for households

Seeking work AND / OR available for work

“Not employed”

Yes

Above minimum age ... :

No

ALL who work for pay

ALL who work for profit

Currently active pop. (employed + unemployed)

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Seeking AND available for work for pay/profit

Volunteer producing goods for households

-Volunteer through / for organizations

Employment & Unemployment as per the

NEW standards


ALL who work for pay

ALL who work for profit - Employers

- Own account workers in market units

- Contributing family workers

- Members of market producer cooperatives

Persons in employment (work for pay / profit)

Unemployed Outside the

labour force

ALL OTHERS > age, whether or not:

-Produce goods for own final use

-Provide services for own final use

-Volunteer providing services for households

“Not employed” (for pay/profit)

Underutilized labour (with unmet need for employment, for pay/profit)

-Work unpaid for training

Yes No

Labour force

Above minimum age ... :

Not employed

Employed Employed

Working Age Population (WAP)

In paid employment

Self-employed in

market units

Producers of goods

for own final use

Volunteer workers

Unemployed Outside

labour force

Unemployed Outside

labour force

Unpaid trainee workers

250

100

30

14

5

1 100

5 15 20 80

13th ICLS (1982)

Employed 150 60.0%

Unemployed 20 11.8%

Labour force 170 68.0%

Outside labour force 80 32.0%

NEW 19th ICLS (2013) Change

130 52.0% ↓

25 16.1% ↑

155 62.0% ↓

95 38.0% ↑

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Labour force and

Labour underutilization


Labour Force: Main changes

Terminology • Labour force = Employed + Unemployed (for pay / profit) (without employment + seeking + available)

Supply of labour in exchange “for pay of profit” (Para 11, 19th ICLS Resolution)

– No longer “economically / currently active population”

• Outside labour force

– No longer “economically inactive population”

– No longer includes population below minimum age


-ALL forms of work are productive & contribute to the economy

-Persons outside labour force may be engaged in other forms of work

-Children may be engaged in work, including in child labour (18th ICLS)

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Labour force & labour underutilization

Working age population

Labour force

Unemployed

Do not want

employment

Potential

Labour Force - seeking, not available

- available, not seeking

Time-related

underemployed

Labour underutilization

(unmet need for employment)

Employed Outside the labour force

Want employment but not seeking,

not available

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Labour underutilization:

Scope

“Refers to mismatches

between labour supply and demand,

which translate into an unmet need for employment

among the population” Para 40, Resol I. (19th ICLS, 2013)

• In reference to employment (work for pay or profit)

• Identifies groups among the employed & persons outside the labour force

who share similarities with the unemployed

• Focuses on issues of insufficient labour absorption

• For broader labour market monitoring


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NEW Measures of labour underutilization

(LU1-LU4)

LU4

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Illustration: Persons by labour underutilization type (1,000s)

Source: ILO calculations based on national data (circa 2011) 24

13

Illustration: Composite indicator (LU4)

25 Source: ILO calculations based on national data (circa 2011)

Resources and Contact

• 19th International Conference of labour statisticians

http://www.ilo.org/19thicls

• ICLS Resolutions and Guidelines

http://www.ilo.org/global/statistics-and databases/standards-and-guidelines/

• STATISTICS contact

[email protected]












mailto:[email protected]

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