University College of Engineering (A) Kakinada

Presented by

Prof. K. V. RaoProgramme DirectorPetroleum Courses

JNTUK

III Year, I Sem., B. Tech. Petrochemical Engineering

Petroleum Refinery EngineeringOverview -Continued

Dept. of Petroleum Engg. & Petrochemical Engg.

Summary of the history of refining processing

Year Process name Process purpose Process by-products 1862 Atmospheric distillation Produce kerosene Naphtha, tar, etc. 1870 Vacuum distillation Lubricants (original)

Cracking feedstocks (1930s)

Asphalt, residual Coker feedstocks

1913 Thermal cracking Increase gasoline Residual, bunker fuel 1916 Sweetening Reduce sulphur and

odour Sulphur

1930 Thermal reforming Improve octane number Residual 1932 Hydrogenation Remove sulphur Sulphur 1932 Coking Produce gasoline base

stocks Coke

1933 Solvent extraction Improve lubricant viscosity index

Aromatics

1935 Solvent dewaxing Improve pour point Waxes 1935 Catalytic polymerization Improve gasoline yield

and octane number Petrochemical feedstocks

Summary of the history of refining processing …….. Continued

Year Process name Process purpose Process by-products 1937 Catalytic cracking Higher octane gasoline Petrochemical

feedstocks 1939 Visbreaking Reduce viscosity Increased distillate,

tar 1940 Alkylation Increase gasoline octane

and yield High-octane aviation gasoline

1940 Isomerization Produce alkylation feedstock

Naphtha

1942 Fluid catalytic cracking Increase gasoline yield and octane

Petrochemical feedstocks

1950 Deasphalting Increase cracking feedstock

Asphalt

1952 Catalytic reforming Convert low-quality naphtha

Aromatics

1954 Hydrodesulphurization Remove sulphur Sulphur 1956 Inhibitor sweetening Remove mercaptan Disulphides

Summary of the history of refining processing …….. Continued

Year Process name Process purpose Process by-products 1957 Catalytic

isomerization Convert to molecules with high octane number

Alkylation feedstocks

1960 Hydrocracking Improve quality and reduce sulphur

Alkylation feedstocks

1974 Catalytic dewaxing Improve pour point Wax 1975 Residual

hydrocracking Increase gasoline yield from residual

Heavy residuals

Principal products of crude oil refining

Hydrocarbon gases Uses Liquified gases Cooking and industrial gas

Motor fuel gas Illuminating gas Ammonia Synthetic fertilizer Alcohols Solvents and acetone Plasticizers Resins and fibres for plastics and textiles Paints and varnish

Chemical industry feedstock

Rubber products

Carbon black Printing inks Rubber industry

Principal products of crude oil refining …….. Continued

Hydrocarbon gases Uses Light distillates Light naphthas Olefins

Solvents and diluents Extraction solvents Chemical industry feedstocks

Intermediate naphthas Aviation and motor gasoline Dry-cleaning solvents

Heavy naphthas Military jet fuel Jet fuel and kerosene Tractor fuel

Gas oil Cracking stock Heating oil and diesel fuel Metallurgical fuel Absorber oil-benzene and gasoline recovery

Principal products of crude oil refining …….. Continued

Hydrocarbon gases Uses Heavy distillates Technical oils Textile oils

Medicinal oils and cosmetics White oil-food industry

Lubricating oils Transformer and spindle oils Motor and engine oils Machine and compressor oils Turbine and hydraulic oils Transmission oils Equipment and cable insulation oils Axle, gear and steam engine oils Metal treating, cutting and grinding oils Quenching and rust inhibitor oils Heat transfer oils Lubricating greases and compounds Printing ink oils

Paraffin wax Rubber industry Pharmaceuticals and cosmetics Food and paper industries Candles and matches

Hydrocarbon gases Uses Residues Petrolatum Petroleum jelly

Cosmetics Rust inhibitors and lubricants Cable coating compounds

Residual fuel oil No. 6 boiler and process fuel oil Asphalts Paving asphalt

Roofing materials Asphaltic lubricants Insulating and foundation protection Waterproof paper products

Refinery by-products Coke Electrodes and fuel Sulphonates Emulsifiers Sulphuric acid Synthetic fertilizer Sulphur Chemicals Hydrogen Hydrocarbon reformation

Principal products of crude oil refining …….. Continued

As of June, 2011 there are a total of 21 refineries in the country comprising 17 (seventeen) in the Public Sector, 3 (three) in the Private Sector and 1 (one) as a joint venture of BPCL & Oman Oil Company.

The country is not only self sufficient in refining capacity for its domestic consumption but also exports petroleum products substantially.

The total refining capacity in the country as on 1.6.2011 stands at 193.386 MMTPA.

The company-wise location and capacity of the refineries as on 1.6.2011 is given in Table 1:

REFINERIES IN INDIA

Table 1. Petroleum Refineries in India

Table 1 …….. Continued

Table 1 …….Continued

* Million Metric Tonnes per Annum

EXPANSION OF EXISTING REFINERIES Capacity expansion planned during XIth Five Year Plan has been indicated in Table 2.

Table 2

• Million Metric Tonnes Per Annum

NEW REFINERIES New grassroots refineries coming up in the near future are indicated in Table 3.

Table 3

World's Largest Refiners

Rank by Capacity1 Company

Crude Capacity, Thousand Barrels per

Calendar Day1 Exxon Mobil Corporation 5,783

2 Royal Dutch/Shell (Netherlands) 4,509

3 Sinopec (China) 3,971

4 BP (United Kingdom) 3,325

5 ConocoPhillips 2,778

6 Chevron Corp. 2,756

7 Petroleos de Venezuela.S.A. (Venezuela) 2,678

8 Valero Energy Corporation 2,616

9 China National Petroleum Company (China) 2,615

10 Total (France) 2,451

Thank You