Overview of Boston's Population
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Transcript of Overview of Boston's Population
Overview of Boston’s Population
Boston Redevelopment Authority – Research DivisionAlvaro Lima, Director of Research
June - 2012
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 400,000
450,000
500,000
550,000
600,000
650,000
700,000
750,000
800,000
850,000 801,444
697,197
641,071
562,994
574,283
589,141
617,594
Source: US Census Bureau, BRA Research Division Analysis
Historic Trends – Boston’s Population
Boston reached its population peak in 1950.
Boston’s population, like many major cities, declined after 1950.
In recent decades, Boston’s population has grown.
The 2010 Census marks the first time since 1970 that Boston’s population has been over 600,000.
Source: US Census Bureau, BRA Research Division Analysis
Major Northeastern Cities and Population Change, 2010 Census
CityTotal Population Population Change
2000-2010
2000 2010 N %
Washington (DC) 572,059 601,723 29,664 5.2%
Worcester (MA) 172,648 181,045 8,397 4.9%
Boston (MA) 589,141 617,594 28,453 4.8%
Cambridge (MA) 101,355 105,162 3,807 3.8%
Elizabeth (NJ) 120,568 124,969 4,401 3.7%
Hartford (CT) 121,578 124,775 3,197 2.6%
Providence (RI) 173,618 178,042 4,424 2.5%
New York (NY) 8,008,278 8,175,133 166,855 2.1%
Newark (NJ) 273,546 277,140 3,594 1.3%
Springfield (MA) 152,082 153,060 978 0.6%
Philadelphia (PA) 1,517,550 1,526,006 8,456 0.6%
Baltimore (MD) 651,154 620,961 -30,193 -4.6%
Pittsburgh (PA) 334,563 305,704 -28,859 -8.6%
Buffalo (NY) 292,648 261,310 -31,338 -10.7%
Boston’s population growth since 2000 compares favorably to most other northeastern cities.
Source: US Census Bureau, BRA Research Division Analysis
25 Largest US Cities and Population Change, 2010 Census
City Total Population Population Change 2000-20102000 2010 N %
Fort Worth (TX) 534,694 741,206 206,512 38.6% Charlotte (NC) 540,828 731,424 190,596 35.2% Austin (TX) 656,562 790,390 133,828 20.4% San Antonio (TX) 1,144,646 1,327,407 182,761 16.0% El Paso (TX) 563,662 649,121 85,459 15.2% Jacksonville (FL) 735,617 821,784 86,167 11.7% Columbus (OH) 711,470 787,033 75,563 10.6% Nashville (TN) 545,524 601,222 55,698 10.2% Phoenix (AZ) 1,321,045 1,445,632 124,587 9.4% Seattle (WA) 563,374 608,660 45,286 8.0% Houston (TX) 1,953,631 2,099,451 145,820 7.5% San Diego (CA) 1,223,400 1,307,402 84,002 6.9% San Jose (CA) 894,943 945,942 50,999 5.7% Washington (DC) 572,059 601,723 29,664 5.2% Indianapolis (IN) 781,870 820,445 38,575 4.9% Boston (MA) 589,141 617,594 28,453 4.8% San Francisco (CA) 776,733 805,235 28,502 3.7% Los Angeles (CA) 3,694,820 3,792,621 97,801 2.6% New York City (NY) 8,008,278 8,175,133 166,855 2.1% Dallas (TX) 1,188,580 1,197,816 9,236 0.8% Philadelphia (PA) 1,517,550 1,526,006 8,456 0.6% Memphis (TN) 650,100 646,889 -3,211 -0.5% Baltimore (MD) 651,154 620,961 -30,193 -4.6% Chicago (IL) 2,896,016 2,695,598 -200,418 -6.9% Detroit (MI) 951,270 713,777 -237,493 -25.0%
Boston’s population growth rate since 2000 was higher than the rates for New York and San Francisco.
Four of the 25 largest cities experienced population declines between 2000 and 2010.
Demographic Breakdown of Boston’s Population
Source: Age – 2010 Census, BRA Research Division AnalysisNativity – 2005-2009 American Community Survey, BRA Research Division Analysis
Boston is a young city. Currently Boston has the 2nd highest concentration of young adults (20-34) amongst the largest 25 cities in the US.
Boston is a diverse city. Today, Boston ranks 6th among the 25 largest cities in the US in proportion of the population that is foreign-born.
73%
27%
Nativity
Native Foreign -Born
22%
35%
24%
19%
Age
0-19 years 20-34 years35-54 years 55 and older
Source: 2005-2009 American Community Survey, BRA Research Division Analysis
Educational Attainment of Population, 1980 and 2005-2009
Boston has one of the most highly-educated populations among major American cities.
42.9% of Boston’s adult population has at least a bachelor’s degree, ranking Boston 5th amongst the 30 largest cities in the nation.
31.5%35.0%
13.1%
20.3%15.8%
23.3%
18.0%
42.9%
0.0%
5.0%
10.0%
15.0%
20.0%
25.0%
30.0%
35.0%
40.0%
45.0%
50.0%
-
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000
180,000
200,000
Less than High School High School graduate or GED equivalent
Some College or Associates Degree
Bachelor's, Master's or Professional Degree
1980 Population 2005-2009 Population
1980 % of Population 2005-2009 % of Population
Educational Attainment by Nativity
Less than HS High School Some College Associates Degree
Bachelors Degree
Graduate Degree
0.0%
5.0%
10.0%
15.0%
20.0%
25.0%
30.0%
35.0%32.1%
21.9%
12.6%
5.3%
16.8%
11.4%
23.1%
16.8%18.1%
3.8%
24.0%
14.1%
Foreign-BornNative-Born
Source: 2009 American Community Survey Public Use Micro-data Sample (PUMS), BRA Research Division Analysis
Overall, Boston’s foreign-born population is less-educated than its native residents.
Racial and Ethnic Breakdown for Boston’s Population, 1980-2010
Over the last several decades, the racial and ethnic composition of Boston has changed a great deal
In 1980, close to 70% of Boston was white. Today, only half the city is white.
The last two Census reports show Boston as a “majority-minority” city.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, BRA Research Division Analysis.Note: 2000 was the first year the Census compiled data on individuals who identified themselves as
“multiracial”
68%
22%
6%1% 3%
1980
47%
22%
18%
0%
9%2% 2%
2010
50%
24%
14%
8% 1%3%2000
59%
24%
11%
5% 1%
1990
Source: 2010 U.S. Census, BRA Research Division Analysis
Population Change - BRA Planning Districts (2000 – 2010)
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
-20%
-15%
-10%
-5%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
Series1, 4.8%
7.7%
2.8%
22.7%
8.2%
5.5%
14.9%
-16.4%
1.1%
4.5%
-8.0%
-1.4%
-6.2%
5.5%
12.4%
-5.4%
22.9%
5.9%
Planning Districts
Popu
latio
n Ch
ange
(200
0 - 2
010)
Source: 2010 U.S. Census, BRA Research Division Analysis
Change in White Population – BRA Planning Districts (2000 – 2010)
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
-50%
-40%
-30%
-20%
-10%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
Series1; -0.4%
3.6%
-1.5%
20.2%
4.3%
-21.1%
8.4%
-36.5%
-34.1%
12.5%
-12.1%
-3.8%
-18.2%
42.7%
4.8%
-17.7%
34.4%
-7.2%
Planning Districts
Chan
ge in
Whi
te P
opul
ation
(200
0 - 2
010)
Source: 2010 U.S. Census, BRA Research Division Analysis
Change in Black or African American Population – BRA Planning Districts (2000 – 2010)
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
-40%
-20%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
Series1; -1.6%
10.3%
5.1%
36.2%41.7%
9.0%
4.3%
-16.4%
21.1%
-16.0%
-10.7%
-7.2%
15.2%
-6.1%
112.1%
-6.0%
-7.5%
72.2%
Planning Districts
Chan
ge in
Bla
ck o
r Afr
ican
Am
eric
an P
opul
ation
(200
0 - 2
010)
Source: 2010 U.S. Census, BRA Research Division Analysis
Change in Hispanic/Latino Population – BRA Planning Districts (2000 – 2010)
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
-20%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
Series1; 26.8%
17.4%
29.8%
68.2%
-9.8%
42.9%
28.0%
11.7%
62.0%
-2.2%
20.1%
15.9%16.1%
29.0%
49.1%
22.1%
20.3%
96.6%
Planning Districts
Chan
ge in
Hisp
anic/
Latin
o Po
pula
tion
(200
0 - 2
010)
Source: 2010 U.S. Census, BRA Research Division Analysis
Change in Asian Population – BRA Planning Districts (2000 – 2010)
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
-40%
-20%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
140%
Series1; 24.6%20.7%
44.9%
18.5%
77.2%
-8.6%
46.3%
100.0%
12.6%
26.7%
6.9%
-0.4%
-19.6%
124.7%
40.6%
11.9%
44.6%
81.5%
Planning Districts
Chan
ge in
Asia
n Po
pula
tion
(200
0 - 2
010)
Source: 2010 U.S. Census, BRA Research Division Analysis
North DorchesterSouth Dorchester
Harbor Islands
Boston
South End
Roslindale
Hyde Park
Jamaica Plain
RoxburyEast Boston
Feneway/ Kenmore
Allston/ Brighton
Central
West Roxbury
Charlestown
Mattapan
South Boston
Back Bay/ Beacon Hill
0.00
0.50
1.00
Planning District Diversity Index (2000-2010)
2010 2000
Employment and Unemployment in Boston
Unemployed With Less Than High School Education by Industry
Construction
Manufacturing
Wholesale Trade
Retail Trade
Transportation and Warehousing
Information
Finance and Insurance
Real Estate and Rental & Leasing
Professional, Scientific and Technical Services
Administrative Support and Waste Management Services
Educational Services
Healthcare and Social Assistance
Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation
Accommodation and Food Services
Other Services
Government
Not Specified
0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14% 16% 18%
5.5%
15.0%
3.6%
12.2%
4.0%
0.0%
0.0%
4.3%
0.0%
14.1%
1.5%
4.5%
3.0%
13.2%
0.9%
2.5%
15.9%
Less than High School (n = 7,622)
Source: 2009 American Community Survey Public Use Micro-data Sample (PUMS), BRA Research Division Analysis
The unemployment rate for workers with less than high school education is 12.6%.
Unemployed workers with less than high school education worked mainly in the manufacturing, administrative support, and food services industries.
Construction
Manufacturing
Wholesale Trade
Retail Trade
Transportation and Warehousing
Information
Finance and Insurance
Real Estate and Rental & Leasing
Professional, Scientific and Technical Services
Administrative Support and Waste Management Services
Educational Services
Healthcare and Social Assistance
Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation
Accommodation and Food Services
Other Services
Government
Not Specified
0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14% 16% 18%
16.8%
2.9%
6.9%
3.9%
4.2%
1.8%
0.0%
1.4%
4.6%
13.7%
2.0%
7.6%
1.3%
10.1%
9.1%
6.4%
7.2%
High School (n = 12,760)
Source: 2009 American Community Survey Public Use Micro-data Sample (PUMS), BRA Research Division Analysis
Unemployed With High School Education by Industry
The unemployment rate for workers a high school education is 14.7%.
Unemployed workers with a high school education worked mainly in the construction, administrative support, and food services industries.
Construction
Manufacturing
Wholesale Trade
Retail Trade
Transportation and Warehousing
Information
Finance and Insurance
Real Estate and Rental & Leasing
Professional, Scientific and Technical Services
Administrative Support and Waste Management Services
Educational Services
Healthcare and Social Assistance
Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation
Accommodation and Food Services
Other Services
Government
Not Specified
0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14% 16% 18% 20%
2.6%
2.4%
2.1%
10.0%
3.9%
0.0%
3.0%
2.6%
1.1%
9.1%
5.1%
17.7%
1.7%
15.4%
5.6%
4.4%
13.3%
Some College (n = 11,699)
Source: 2009 American Community Survey Public Use Micro-data Sample (PUMS), BRA Research Division Analysis
Unemployed With Some College Education by Industry
The unemployment rate for workers with some college education is 7.9%.
Unemployed workers with some college education worked mainly in the healthcare, food services, and retail industries.
Construction
Manufacturing
Wholesale Trade
Retail Trade
Transportation and Warehousing
Information
Finance and Insurance
Real Estate and Rental & Leasing
Professional, Scientific and Technical Services
Administrative Support and Waste Management Services
Educational Services
Healthcare and Social Assistance
Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation
Accommodation and Food Services
Other Services
Government
Not Specified
0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14% 16%
3.6%
5.7%
10.1%
13.9%
10.7%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
3.4%
0.0%
0.0%
11.3%
4.9%
14.8%
0.0%
12.2%
9.3%
Associate's Degree (n = 2,188)
Source: 2009 American Community Survey Public Use Micro-data Sample (PUMS), BRA Research Analysis
Unemployed With Associate’s Degree by Industry
The unemployment rate for workers with an associate’s degree is 9.8%.
Unemployed workers with an associate’s degree worked mainly in the retail, food services, and government industries.
Construction
Manufacturing
Wholesale Trade
Retail Trade
Transportation and Warehousing
Information
Finance and Insurance
Real Estate and Rental & Leasing
Professional, Scientific and Technical Services
Administrative Support and Waste Management Services
Educational Services
Healthcare and Social Assistance
Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation
Accommodation and Food Services
Other Services
Government
Not Specified
0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14%
6.8%
6.5%
4.5%
9.4%
0.0%
1.4%
10.7%
3.1%
9.6%
5.1%
12.9%
12.6%
5.7%
1.3%
0.0%
2.3%
8.2%
Bachelor's Degree (n = 6,881)
Source: 2009 American Community Survey Public Use Micro-data Sample (PUMS), BRA Research Division Analysis
Unemployed With Bachelor’s Degree by Industry
The unemployment rate for workers with a bachelor’s degree is 4.5%.
Unemployed workers with a bachelor’s degree worked mainly in the education, healthcare, and finance industries.
Construction
Manufacturing
Wholesale Trade
Retail Trade
Transportation and Warehousing
Information
Finance and Insurance
Real Estate and Rental & Leasing
Professional, Scientific and Technical Services
Administrative Support and Waste Management Services
Educational Services
Healthcare and Social Assistance
Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation
Accommodation and Food Services
Other Services
Government
Not Specified
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
21.5%
8.2%
0.0%
31.7%
3.2%
10.9%
18.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
3.1%
3.3%
Graduate Degree (n = 3,045)
Source: 2009 American Community Survey Public Use Micro-data Sample (PUMS), BRA Research Division Analysis
Unemployed With Graduate Degree by Industry
The unemployment rate for workers with a graduate degree is 4.0%.
Unemployed workers with a graduate degree worked mainly in the professional services, information, and healthcare industries.
Boston vs. U.S. on Unemployment Rate
Unemployment Rate by Race
White Black Hispanic Asian Other0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
14%
16%
18%
9%
16%
12%
8%
13%
5%
15%
10%
9%
6%
Unemployment Rate (US)Unemployment Rate (Boston)
Source: 2009 American Community Survey Public Use Micro-data Sample (PUMS), BRA Research Division Analysis
Compared to the U.S., Boston’s unemployment rate is lower for people of all races except Asian.
Unemployment Rate by Income
Less than $10,000
$10,000 to $19,999
$20,000 to $34,999
$35,000 to $49,999
$50,000 to $74,999
$75,000 to $99,999
$100,000 to $149,999
$150,000 or more
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
34%
11%
6%
3%3% 2% 1% 1%
23%
14%
5%4%
2%3%
1%
3%
Unemployment Rate (US)Unemployment Rate (Boston)
Source: 2009 American Community Survey Public Use Micro-data Sample (PUMS), BRA Research Division Analysis
Boston’s unemployment rate is highest for people in the lowest income brackets.
Unemployment Rate by Educational Attainment
Source: 2009 American Community Survey Public Use Micro-data Sample (PUMS), BRA Research Division Analysis
Residents with higher education levels are more likely to be employed than residents with lower education levels.
Less than HS HS Some College Associates Bachelors Graduate0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
14%
16%
18%
20%18.9%
12.3%
10.2%
6.9%
5.4%
3.6%
12.6%
14.7%
7.9%
9.8%
4.5%4.0%
Unemployment Rate (US)Unemployment Rate (Boston)
Boston’s Foreign Born Population
Proportion of the Population that is Foreign Born (1850-2009)
Historically, Boston has had a greater proportion of foreign-born residents than both the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and the nation as a whole.
Since the 1970s, the proportion of foreign-born residents in Boston has grown dramatically.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, BRA Research Division Analysis
1850
1860
1870
1880
1890
1900
1910
1920
1930
1940
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2006
2009
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%Boston
Massachusetts
United States
Boston’s Foreign Born Population
Source: 2009 American Community Survey Public Use Micro-data Sample (PUMS), BRA Research Division Analysis
Countries of Origin for Boston’s Foreign-Born Population, 2009
Today most of Boston’s immigrants come from the Caribbean, Latin America, and Asia
Source: 2005-2009 American Community Survey, BRA Research Division Analysis.
Ireland
Jamaica
Colombia
Cape Verde
Brazil
El Salvador
Vietnam
Haiti
China
Dominican Republic
0.0% 1.0% 2.0% 3.0% 4.0% 5.0% 6.0% 7.0% 8.0% 9.0% 10.0%
2.2%
3.7%
4.0%
4.2%
4.4%
4.5%
4.6%
7.9%
9.0%
9.4%
Share of the Foreign-Born Population in Boston
0 to 17 years 18 to 34 years 35 to 49 years 50 to 64 years 65+ years0.0%
5.0%
10.0%
15.0%
20.0%
25.0%
30.0%
35.0%
40.0%
45.0%
5.7%
34.0%
26.1%
20.7%
13.6%
21.0%
40.6%
17.1%
12.3%
9.0%
Foreign-BornNative-Born
Age by Nativity
Source: 2009 American Community Survey Public Use Micro-data Sample (PUMS), BRA Research Division Analysis
Older residents make up a far greater share of foreign-born residents than native residents.
59.7%
40.3%Native-BornForeign-Born
Nativity of Parent(s)
Source: 2009 American Community Survey Public Use Micro-data Sample (PUMS), BRA Research Division Analysis
Although foreign-born children (0 to 17 years) make up a small share of all children in Boston, more than 40% of all children in Boston have at least one parent that is foreign born.
Income by Nativity
Less than $10,000
$10,000 to $19,999
$20,000 to $34,999
$35,000 to $49,999
$50,000 to $74,999
$75,000 to $99,999
$100,000 to $149,999
$150,000 or more
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%33%
18%19%
14%
9%
3% 3%
1%
30%
12%
14%
12%
16%
7%
5% 4%
Foreign-BornNative-Born
Source: 2009 American Community Survey Public Use Micro-data Sample (PUMS), BRA Research Division Analysis
A smaller portion of foreign-born residents have high-paying jobs than native residents.
Less than High School
High School Some College Associate's Degree
Bachelor's Degree
Graduate Degree
$-
$10,000.00
$20,000.00
$30,000.00
$40,000.00
$50,000.00
$60,000.00
$70,000.00
$80,000.00
$90,000.00
$100,000.00
$17,401.58 $22,197.56
$30,144.64
$36,249.95 $40,284.47
$62,678.98
$16,317.97
$28,148.54 $32,240.60
$42,252.64
$66,866.76
$94,550.30
Foreign-BornNative-Born
Source: 2009 American Community Survey Public Use Micro-data Sample (PUMS), BRA Research Division Analysis
Wage Differential By Educational Attainment
As educational attainment improves, native-born residents continue to earn higher wages than foreign-born residents.
Top 5 Countries of Origin for Foreign-Born Populationby Planning District
Source: 2005-2009 American Community Survey, BRA Research Division Analysis.
43.0%
6.4%
6.2%
3.5%
3.2%
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
China
Vietnam
Italy
India
Japan
Central
15.3%
11.7%
6.9%
3.7%
3.6%
0 0.1 0.2
China
Brazil
Russia
El Salvador
Ukraine
Allston-Brighton
15.3%
7.3%
6.2%
6.2%
3.7%
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2
China
Canada
United Kingdom
France
Colombia
Back Bay-Beacon Hill
31.5%
23.3%
4.6%
3.1%
2.5%
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4
China
Dominican Republic
Russia
Canada
Philippines
Charlestown
Top 5 Countries of Origin for Foreign-Born Populationby Planning District (cont.)
Source: 2005-2009 American Community Survey, BRA Research Division Analysis.
14.0%
13.8%
6.3%
3.3%
2.8%
0 0.05 0.1 0.15
Dominican Republic
China
India
Ireland
United Kingdom
Jamaica Plain
28.8%
12.5%
10.6%
7.7%
5.3%
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35
Haiti
Jamaica
Cape Verde
Dominican Republic
Trinidad and Tobago
Mattapan
23.3%
13.2%
7.8%
7.8%
4.9%
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25
Cape Verde
Vietnam
Albania
Dominican Republic
Haiti
North Dorchester
17.8%
10.3%
6.4%
6.3%
4.0%
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2
Dominican Republic
Haiti
Albania
Guatemala
Ireland
Roslindale
Top 5 Countries of Origin for Foreign-Born Populationby Planning District (cont.)
Source: 2005-2009 American Community Survey, BRA Research Division Analysis.
23.9%
13.9%
8.0%
6.3%
4.9%
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3
Dominican Republic
Haiti
Jamaica
Cape Verde
Trinidad and Tobago
Roxbury
32.9%
15.8%
6.9%
4.0%
3.9%
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35
Dominican Republic
China
Cape Verde
Philippines
Vietnam
South Boston
19.2%
10.9%
10.7%
10.3%
7.6%
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25
Vietnam
Jamaica
Haiti
Cape Verde
Dominican Republic
South Dorchester
29.2%
11.3%
5.0%
4.0%
3.9%
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35
China
Dominican Republic
Ethiopia
Colombia
Canada
South End
Top 5 Countries of Origin for Foreign-Born Populationby Planning District (cont.)
Source: 2005-2009 American Community Survey, BRA Research Division Analysis.
12.4%
10.1%
8.7%
7.6%
6.0%
0 0.05 0.1 0.15
Haiti
China
Dominican Republic
Ireland
Greece
West Roxbury