Our Sun. Why do we care about the Sun... - Light, heat, life - Space weather solar wind (1,000,000...
-
Upload
lee-sanders -
Category
Documents
-
view
214 -
download
0
Transcript of Our Sun. Why do we care about the Sun... - Light, heat, life - Space weather solar wind (1,000,000...
![Page 1: Our Sun. Why do we care about the Sun... - Light, heat, life - Space weather solar wind (1,000,000 mph) flares (UV, x-ray radiation) disturb Earth's magnetic.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e425503460f94b34877/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Our Sun
![Page 2: Our Sun. Why do we care about the Sun... - Light, heat, life - Space weather solar wind (1,000,000 mph) flares (UV, x-ray radiation) disturb Earth's magnetic.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e425503460f94b34877/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Why do we care about the Sun...
- Light, heat, life
- Space weather solar wind (1,000,000 mph) flares (UV, x-ray radiation)
disturb Earth's magnetic field → power surges
excess radiation bad for satellites
![Page 3: Our Sun. Why do we care about the Sun... - Light, heat, life - Space weather solar wind (1,000,000 mph) flares (UV, x-ray radiation) disturb Earth's magnetic.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e425503460f94b34877/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Why do we care about the Sun...
- Light, heat, life
- Space weather solar wind (1,000,000 mph) flares (UV, x-ray radiation)
disturb Earth's magnetic field → power surges
excess radiation bad for satellites
- ...one day it's gonna get us
![Page 4: Our Sun. Why do we care about the Sun... - Light, heat, life - Space weather solar wind (1,000,000 mph) flares (UV, x-ray radiation) disturb Earth's magnetic.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e425503460f94b34877/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Layers of the Sun
![Page 5: Our Sun. Why do we care about the Sun... - Light, heat, life - Space weather solar wind (1,000,000 mph) flares (UV, x-ray radiation) disturb Earth's magnetic.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e425503460f94b34877/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Core- very very hot (15 million K)
- thermonuclear fusion (H → He)
- 4 million tons of matter per second converted to energy
![Page 6: Our Sun. Why do we care about the Sun... - Light, heat, life - Space weather solar wind (1,000,000 mph) flares (UV, x-ray radiation) disturb Earth's magnetic.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e425503460f94b34877/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Radiative Zone- heat transfer through radiation (surprise!)
- photons are absorbed and re-emitted: “random walk”
- few 100,000 years
![Page 7: Our Sun. Why do we care about the Sun... - Light, heat, life - Space weather solar wind (1,000,000 mph) flares (UV, x-ray radiation) disturb Earth's magnetic.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e425503460f94b34877/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Convective Zone- heat transfer through convection (another surprise!)
- granulation
- core → surface: ~ 1 million years
![Page 8: Our Sun. Why do we care about the Sun... - Light, heat, life - Space weather solar wind (1,000,000 mph) flares (UV, x-ray radiation) disturb Earth's magnetic.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e425503460f94b34877/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Bright areas: hot pockets of gas move up
Dark lanes: cool pockets of gas sink down
Convection -- Granulation
![Page 9: Our Sun. Why do we care about the Sun... - Light, heat, life - Space weather solar wind (1,000,000 mph) flares (UV, x-ray radiation) disturb Earth's magnetic.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e425503460f94b34877/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Smaller granules join together,expand, and then split up.
Granules
![Page 10: Our Sun. Why do we care about the Sun... - Light, heat, life - Space weather solar wind (1,000,000 mph) flares (UV, x-ray radiation) disturb Earth's magnetic.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e425503460f94b34877/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Atmosphere- photosphere: what you see! (sunspots, granulation)
- the “surface”
![Page 11: Our Sun. Why do we care about the Sun... - Light, heat, life - Space weather solar wind (1,000,000 mph) flares (UV, x-ray radiation) disturb Earth's magnetic.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e425503460f94b34877/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Atmosphere - chromosphere: lower atmosphere
- we can see it during eclipses
![Page 12: Our Sun. Why do we care about the Sun... - Light, heat, life - Space weather solar wind (1,000,000 mph) flares (UV, x-ray radiation) disturb Earth's magnetic.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e425503460f94b34877/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Atmosphere- corona: upper atmosphere
- very hot, tenuous gas
- we can see it during eclipses
![Page 13: Our Sun. Why do we care about the Sun... - Light, heat, life - Space weather solar wind (1,000,000 mph) flares (UV, x-ray radiation) disturb Earth's magnetic.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e425503460f94b34877/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Atmosphere- corona: upper atmosphere
- very hot, tenuous gas
- we can see it during eclipses
![Page 14: Our Sun. Why do we care about the Sun... - Light, heat, life - Space weather solar wind (1,000,000 mph) flares (UV, x-ray radiation) disturb Earth's magnetic.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e425503460f94b34877/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
The corona is really hot, and no one knows why.(It’s 250x hotter than the surface of the sun!)
. . .Magnetic field ?
![Page 15: Our Sun. Why do we care about the Sun... - Light, heat, life - Space weather solar wind (1,000,000 mph) flares (UV, x-ray radiation) disturb Earth's magnetic.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e425503460f94b34877/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Sunspots
![Page 16: Our Sun. Why do we care about the Sun... - Light, heat, life - Space weather solar wind (1,000,000 mph) flares (UV, x-ray radiation) disturb Earth's magnetic.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e425503460f94b34877/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Strong magnetic fields block convection cells
→ cooler areas (darker)
Sunspots
![Page 17: Our Sun. Why do we care about the Sun... - Light, heat, life - Space weather solar wind (1,000,000 mph) flares (UV, x-ray radiation) disturb Earth's magnetic.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e425503460f94b34877/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Sunspots
- on the photosphere
- formed by differential rotation ~equator: 25-day period ~poles: 35-day period
![Page 18: Our Sun. Why do we care about the Sun... - Light, heat, life - Space weather solar wind (1,000,000 mph) flares (UV, x-ray radiation) disturb Earth's magnetic.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e425503460f94b34877/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Sunspots
- on the photosphere
- formed by differential rotation ~equator: 25-day period ~poles: 35-day period
- they're picky about location
- high latitude → low latitude
- “butterfly diagram”
![Page 19: Our Sun. Why do we care about the Sun... - Light, heat, life - Space weather solar wind (1,000,000 mph) flares (UV, x-ray radiation) disturb Earth's magnetic.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e425503460f94b34877/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Sunspots
11-year Solar Cycle
![Page 20: Our Sun. Why do we care about the Sun... - Light, heat, life - Space weather solar wind (1,000,000 mph) flares (UV, x-ray radiation) disturb Earth's magnetic.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e425503460f94b34877/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Prominences
loops of gas
![Page 21: Our Sun. Why do we care about the Sun... - Light, heat, life - Space weather solar wind (1,000,000 mph) flares (UV, x-ray radiation) disturb Earth's magnetic.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e425503460f94b34877/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Flares
eruptions of gas near sunspots
![Page 22: Our Sun. Why do we care about the Sun... - Light, heat, life - Space weather solar wind (1,000,000 mph) flares (UV, x-ray radiation) disturb Earth's magnetic.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e425503460f94b34877/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Coronal Mass Ejection (CME)
ejected bubbles of gas
![Page 23: Our Sun. Why do we care about the Sun... - Light, heat, life - Space weather solar wind (1,000,000 mph) flares (UV, x-ray radiation) disturb Earth's magnetic.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e425503460f94b34877/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Charged particles interact with Earth’s magnetic field.
Northern Lights
![Page 24: Our Sun. Why do we care about the Sun... - Light, heat, life - Space weather solar wind (1,000,000 mph) flares (UV, x-ray radiation) disturb Earth's magnetic.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649e425503460f94b34877/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Northern Lights
Particles in Earth’s atmosphere get excited.