Osseous Tissue EngineeringOsseous Tissue Engineering Jason Mercier, Biomedical Engineering,...
1
Osseous Tissue Engineering Jason Mercier, Biomedical Engineering, University of Rhode Island BME 281 First Presentation, September 30, 2015 <[email protected]> Abstract—Osseous Tissue engineering is a medical practice focusing on bone tissue regeneration using various materials. There are many well-known practices and many new exciting and interesting procedures with promising results that are in use repairing and reconstructing damaged bone tissue I. INTRODUCTION ONE tissue engineering is a very common and well known practice that has been used throughout the years to repair and reconstruct bone tissue especially in patients who have suffered a serious fracture. Early attempts of bone grafting date as far back as 1912 [1] but they were very risky and unreliable. The more recent practices are much more advanced and are far more reliable. The newest practices focus on tissue grafting, scaffolding and nanoparticles. II. METHODS The first step in determining how to repair a fracture is selecting what material and process would be best for that certain case. The main materials that are in use are biomaterials, polymers, bone tissue cells and nanoparticles.[2] With each material they will be arranged in multiple crisscrossing layers creating a scaffold that is very sturdy and provides strength and reliability to the compromised bone. The amount of layers required depends on the severity of the fracture and how big the gap is, but the layers can be created using a 3D bio printer that can even use live bone tissue cells to implant into the scaffold. As you can see below the scaffolding is very well integrated and strong.[3] Nanoparticle scaffolding is a very promising process because of its effectiveness at mimicking the natural bone environment and promoting new bone formation. This allows for a much faster and realistic repair of the bone that will be much more effective in the long run. After The scaffolding has been implanted the bone tissue can begin to regrow over the scaffolding and repair the damage suffered from the injury. The scaffolding itself has two possibilities after the tissue is repaired, it can either remain in the bone fused with the tissue or a biodegradable material could be used so that it degenerates over time. Both are effective and safe options that are in use today.[4] III. RESULTS [2] The figure above compares the different types of materials and ways that bone tissue has been repaired in the past 30 years. As you can see with the recent advances the use of biomaterials and other materials such as nanoparticles are used significantly more because of their effectiveness and cost. Over time as we have learned more about nanoparticles and biocompatible materials the progress has been dramatically improving and the success rates are substantially better. All of the various materials have been proven to work well in repairing bone fractures but the overall effectiveness and costs of nanoparticles has driven researchers to improve and fund the field of nanoparticle tissue engineering which is great news for injured patients. IV. DISCUSSION The recent advances in bone tissue engineering are very exciting because of the great results and outlook for the future. Nanoparticles are especially being researched because in some cases there is no surgeries required because they can be programmed to self assemble in the fracture and form the scaffolding. Another great advancement is using cells capable of osteogenic activity in addition to the scaffolding, which really stimulates natural bone cell regeneration. [5] Bone tissue repairing is one of the most common procedures worldwide so these advancements in tissue scaffolding are very crucial to the biomedical engineering world. [4] REFERENCES [1] Donti D, Zolezzi C, Tomba P, Vigano A. Bone Grafting: Historical and Conceptual Review, Starting with an Old Manuscript by Vittorio Putti. Acta Orthapaedica 2007; 78(1): 19-25. [2] Amini AR, Laurencin CT, Nukavarapu SP. Bone Tissue Engineering: Recent Advances and Challenges. Crit Rev Biomed Eng. 2012; 40 (5): 363-408.. [3] Hutmacher DW. Scaffolds in Tissue Engineering Bone and Cartilage. Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Engineering Science Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National University of Singapore 2000; 21 (24): 2529-2543 [4] Walmsley GG, McArdle A, Tevlin R, Momeni A, Atashroo D, Hu MS, Feroze AH, Wong VW, Lorenz PH, Longaker MT, Wan DC. Nanotechnology in Bone Tissue Engineering. Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine. Received 3 June 2014; Accepted 21 February 2015. [5] Niu CC, Lin SS, Chen. Benefits of biphasic calcium phosphate hybrid scaffold-driven osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells through upregulated leptin receptor expression. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research 2015, 10: 11 B
Transcript of Osseous Tissue EngineeringOsseous Tissue Engineering Jason Mercier, Biomedical Engineering,...
Osseous Tissue Engineering Jason Mercier, Biomedical Engineering, University of Rhode Island
BME 281 First Presentation, September 30, 2015 <[email protected]> Abstract—Osseous Tissue engineering is a medical practice
focusing on bone tissue regeneration using various materials. There are many well-known practices and many new exciting and interesting procedures with promising results that are in use repairing and reconstructing damaged bone tissue
I. INTRODUCTION
ONE tissue engineering is a very common and well known practice that has been used throughout the years to repair and reconstruct bone tissue
especially in patients who have suffered a serious fracture. Early attempts of bone grafting date as far back as 1912 [1] but they were very risky and unreliable. The more recent practices are much more advanced and are far more reliable. The newest practices focus on tissue grafting, scaffolding and nanoparticles.
II. METHODS
The first step in determining how to repair a fracture is selecting what material and process would be best for that certain case. The main materials that are in use are biomaterials, polymers, bone tissue cells and nanoparticles.[2] With each material they will be arranged in multiple crisscrossing layers creating a scaffold that is very sturdy and provides strength and reliability to the compromised bone. The amount of layers required depends on the severity of the fracture and how big the gap is, but the layers can be created using a 3D bio printer that can even use live bone tissue cells to implant into the scaffold. As you can see below the scaffolding is very well integrated and strong.[3]
Nanoparticle scaffolding is a very promising process because of its effectiveness at mimicking the natural bone environment and promoting new bone formation. This allows for a much faster and realistic repair of the bone that will be much more effective in the long run. After The scaffolding has been implanted the bone tissue can begin to regrow over the scaffolding and repair the damage suffered from the injury. The scaffolding itself has two possibilities after the tissue is repaired, it can either remain in the bone fused with the tissue or a biodegradable material could be used so that it degenerates over time. Both are effective and safe options that are in use today.[4]
III. RESULTS
[2] The figure above compares the different types of materials and ways that bone tissue has been repaired in the past 30 years. As you can see with the recent advances the use of biomaterials and other materials such as nanoparticles are used significantly more because of their effectiveness and cost. Over time as we have learned more about nanoparticles and biocompatible materials the progress has been dramatically improving and the success rates are substantially better. All of the various materials have been proven to work well in repairing bone fractures but the overall effectiveness and costs of nanoparticles has driven researchers to improve and fund the field of nanoparticle tissue engineering which is great news for injured patients.
IV. DISCUSSION The recent advances in bone tissue engineering are very exciting because of the great results and outlook for the future. Nanoparticles are especially being researched because in some cases there is no surgeries required because they can be programmed to self assemble in the fracture and form the scaffolding. Another great advancement is using cells capable of osteogenic activity in addition to the scaffolding, which really stimulates natural bone cell regeneration. [5] Bone tissue repairing is one of the most common procedures worldwide so these advancements in tissue scaffolding are very crucial to the biomedical engineering world. [4]
REFERENCES [1] Donti D, Zolezzi C, Tomba P, Vigano A. Bone Grafting: Historical and
Conceptual Review, Starting with an Old Manuscript by Vittorio Putti. Acta Orthapaedica 2007; 78(1): 19-25.
[2] Amini AR, Laurencin CT, Nukavarapu SP. Bone Tissue Engineering: Recent Advances and Challenges. Crit Rev Biomed Eng. 2012; 40 (5): 363-408..
[3] Hutmacher DW. Scaffolds in Tissue Engineering Bone and Cartilage. Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Engineering Science Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National University of Singapore 2000; 21 (24): 2529-2543
[4] Walmsley GG, McArdle A, Tevlin R, Momeni A, Atashroo D, Hu MS, Feroze AH, Wong VW, Lorenz PH, Longaker MT, Wan DC. Nanotechnology in Bone Tissue Engineering. Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine. Received 3 June 2014; Accepted 21 February 2015.
[5] Niu CC, Lin SS, Chen. Benefits of biphasic calcium phosphate hybrid scaffold-driven osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells through upregulated leptin receptor expression. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research 2015, 10: 11
B
