Oscott_LE_Ward_Profile

Life Expectancy Ward Analysis

Ward Profile: Oscott Tackling Health Inequalities: Life Expectancy

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Version 2

Date June 2009

Status Green

File location (public)

Filename and path to locate this document

Oscott_LE_Ward_Profile.doc 2

All maps produced with permission of Dotted Eyes & Ordance Survey © Crown copyright 2008 licence number 100019918


Introduction

Life expectancy is one of the main indicators for health inequalities. It has been set as the overarching work stream for tackling health inequalities in Birmingham by the Health and Wellbeing Partnership (BHWP).

This Ward Profile series aims to:

• Provide a detailed ward level picture of local health inequality context

• Describe life expectancy trend in each target ward

• Investigate into leading conditions that cause deaths locally to provide local focus for each target ward and

• Suggest future area/ factors for extended research

Author s Jeanette Davis (Public Health Information Analyst)

Yang Tian (Public Health Information Team Leader)

Chris Stephen (Public Health Information Analyst)

Mohan Singh (Public Health Database Administrator/ Analyst)

Iris Fermin (Head of Information and Intelligence)

Jim McManus (Joint Director of Public Health)

Any further Information

Telephone 0121 465 2995 / 2999 or

Email : [email protected]


Summary

• Electoral ward Oscott is in the boundary of Heart of Birmingham Teaching PCT

• Oscott accounted for 2.4% of Birmingham’s population in 2006

• The age split of the ward is predominantly children and young people [0-19] at 25.69%

• Black and Minority Ethnicity (BME) group split (9.3%) is lower than national average (11.3%) overall and lower than Birmingham (32.7%). This group accounted for 0.22% of the total population of Birmingham in 2001.

• Oscott is the 29th (out of 40) most deprived ward in Birmingham

• The latest health and Life expectancy indicators show:

o Life expectancy is at 75.9 for men, 79.2 for women in the year 2005/07. Male life expectancy has increased by 3.5%. The gap between Oscott and England has widened by 50% (0.6 years) from 95/97 to 05/07.

o Female life expectancy has increased by 2.2%. The gap between Oscott and England has widened by 18.1% (0.4 year) from 95/97 to 05/07.

o In 1999/2001 there where no IMR deaths in Oscott; however 2005/2007 saw a rate of 7.5, which indicates 750% increase

o Circulatory diseases (31.81%), Cancers (26.54%) and Coronary Heart Diseases (15.14%) are the leading conditions that cause deaths in the ward

• Relatively, compared against Birmingham; risk factors such as alcohol, obesity and smoking presents as follows:

o 2.6% percentage points more smoke o 1.7% percentage points less binge drink o 1.1% percentage points fewer are obese

.


1 Local context: demographics and deprivation

This section describes population demographics, deprivation and further comparisons are made with Birmingham and England to provide a local context for life expectancy inequalities.

1.1 Age and sex distribution The population of Oscott is estimated to be 24,243. This represents 2.40% of the population of Birmingham. There are (11,578) 47.8% male and (12,665) 52.2% female. These estimations are based on ONS Mid. Year (2006). The population pyramid (Figure 1.1) below shows the age and sex distributions.

Population By Age Group and Gender

706

753

720

915

793

779

790

992

993

788

661

677

672

559

544

504

383

757

695

829

852

821

668

690

879

926

799

648

656

600

539

462

345

212

1500 1000 500 0 500 1000 1500

0-4

5-9

10-14

15-19

20-24

25-29

30-34

35-39

40-44

45-49

50-54

55-59

60-64

65-69

70-74

75-79

80+Males

Females

Data source: ONS 2006 mid year population estimates

Figure 1.1 Population by age group and gender, Oscott 2006

Figure 1.1 illustrates:

• Children under school leaving age (i.e. age 0 - 19) represent 25.69% (6,227) of the Oscott’s population. Persons of retirement age (age 65+) account for 17.26% (4184).

• The age structure of the ward shows that for the under 19s age group the ward is 3.64 percentage points higher than the Birmingham average. Equally, in the 65+ age group the ward is once more higher by 6.62 percentage points


1.2 Ethnicity There are some illnesses that have more prevalence for some ethnicity group than other, thus knowing the ethnicity population distribution is required to target that vulnerable health group. Table 1.1 shows the ethnicity distribution in the Oscott population, compared with Birmingham and England.

• The % column in each of table 1.1 represents the percentage of the total population that fit into that ethnic group. The N* column shows the quantity of people in thousands that are from each group, for the ward, City and nationally.

• 9.3% of the population in Oscott is of non-white ethnicity (i.e. Black and Minority Ethnicity (BME) Group. Within the BME group, Pakistanis represents 0.39%, Indian 2.78% and Black Caribbean 3.57%.

• The proportion of BME (9.3%) is approximately one third the proportion within Birmingham (32.7%), and less than the average across England (11.3%).

• White ethnicity 90.7 is higher than national and local levels.

Table 1.1 Ethnicity groups for Oscott (2001), Birmingham (2006) and England (2006)

Oscott Birmingham England

Ethnicity groups % N* % N* % N*

White 90.7 21.8 67.3 667.0 88.7 45,018.1

Asian or Asian British 3.3 0.8 20.7 207.9 5.5 2,786.6

Black or Black British 4.1 1.0 6.7 67.0 2.8 1,403.0

Mixed 1.6 0.3 3.2 31.8 1.6 829.5

Chinese or other 0.3 0.1 2.3 22.9 1.4 725.7

Total 100 24.0 100 1,106.5 100 50,762.9 *population by thousand Data source: ONS population estimates by ethnic group mid 2006 for Birmingham / England. 2001 Census data for Ward

1.3 Deprivation According to Index of Multiple Deprivations (IMD) 2007 published by ONS, Oscott is the 29th most deprived electoral ward (out of 40) in Birmingham with an overall IMD score of 26.061.

Figure 1.2 shows SOAs in Oscott by IMD quintile, 2007 and the table 1.2 shows the population density. Most of the area covered by Oscott is in the second and third most deprived SOAs in Birmingham.

Ward Area

Area (km2) Population Density

(person/km2)

Population Density – Working Age (person/km

2)

6.405 3781 2383

1 Ward level IMD score is calculated based on IMD score 2007 for SOAs and population weighting from

SOAs to Wards in Birmingham produced by Birmingham Strategic Partnership Information Sharing Group from the Birmingham City Council.


Figure 1.2 Super Output Areas in Oscott by IMD quintile, 2007

• Lifestyle

Table 1.3 provides a summary of life style indicators in Oscott, in comparison with Birmingham and England. Data presented here are from the synthetic estimates of healthy life style behaviours from the NHS Information Centre.

• Compared with Birmingham average, Oscott has a lower percentage of people who binge drink (1.7 percentage points lower) and lower obesity (1.1 percentage points) but a higher proportion who smoke (2.6 percentage points higher)

• Compared with the national average, a smaller percentage of people living in Oscott eat healthily (5.5 percentage point lower).

• Table 1.3 shows that obesity amongst adults in Oscott needs to be investigated further and comparisons may be drawn the lower rates of adults eating healthily. Further investigation is also warranted on the high percentage of adults who smoke

Table 1.3 Key figures for life style Deprivation in Oscott, Birmingham and England

Year Oscott Birmingham England

Adults who smoke 2003/5 27.5% 24.9% 24.1% Binge drinking adults* 2003/ 2005 16.1% 17.8% 18.0% Healthy eating adults** 2003/ 2005 19.6% 25.1% 26.3% Obese adults*** 2003/ 2005 22.3% 23.4% 23.6%

* Binge drinking: men were defined as having indulged in binge drinking if they had consumed 8 or more units of alcohol on the heaviest drinking day in the previous seven days; for women the cut-off was 6 or more units of alcohol.

** Healthy eating: five or more portions of fruit and vegetables on the previous day *** Obese: BMI > 30 Data source: Physically active adults: Active People Survey, Sport England All other indicators: Synthetic estimates of healthy life styles, NHS Information Centre


2 Life expectancy trend Life expectancy is one of the most important indicators for health inequalities across the population; and there is evidence that people that most need support do not have access to services. This section gives an overview of life expectancy at birth in Oscott in terms of trend and variations in different groups and communities.

Figure 2.1 shows trend of male expectancy in Oscott from 1995/97 to 2005/07 on a 3-year basis, in comparison with Birmingham and England. Male life expectancy has increased in Oscott over the ten years since 1995. It is still lower than England, but slightly better than Birmingham. The improvements has not been steady and it will be required more study to determine the causes.

Male Life Expectancy - 3 year Rolling Average,

Oscott, Birmingham & England

70.0

71.0

72.0

73.0

74.0

75.0

76.0

77.0

78.0

79.0

1995

/ 97

1996

/ 98

1997

/ 99

1998

/ 00

1999

/ 01

2000

/ 02

2001

/ 03

2002

/ 04

2003

/ 05

2004

/ 06

2005

/ 07

Calendar Year

Lif

e E

xp

ecta

ncy (

Ag

e)

England M ales Birmingham M ales Oscott M ales

Data source: ONS

Figure 2.1 Male life expectancy, Oscott, Birmingham and England, 1995/97 – 2005/07

Figure 2.2 shows trend of female expectancy in Oscott from 1995/97 to 2005/07 on a 3-year basis, in comparison with Birmingham and England. Figure 2.2 shows that by 2007 female life expectancy in Oscott is actually decreasing despite being higher that 1995. More studies are needed to identify underlying causes and social patterns.


Female Life Expectancy - 3 year Rolling Average,

Oscott, Birmingham & England

75.0

76.0

77.0

78.0

79.0

80.0

81.0

82.0

83.0

1995

/ 97

1996

/ 98

1997

/ 99

1998

/ 00

1999

/ 01

2000

/ 02

2001

/ 03

2002

/ 04

2003

/ 05

2004

/ 06

2005

/ 07

Calendar Year

Lif

e E

xp

ecta

ncy (

Ag

e)

England Females Birmingham Females Oscott Females

Data source: ONS

Figure 2.2 Female life expectancy for Oscott, Birmingham and England, 1995/97 – 2005/07

Life expectancy in Oscott is higher than Birmingham for Male life expectancy but lower for Female life Expectancy. The gap for both Male/Female life expectancy between Oscott and England has increased, with the gap for men being slightly more. In conclusion:

• Male life expectancy has increased by 3.5% (2.55 years, from 73.4 years in 1995 to 75.9 years by 2007).

• The gap of male life expectancy between Oscott and England has widened by 0.6 year from 1.2 years to 1.8 years, which means an increase of 50%.

• Female life expectancy has increased by 2.32% (1.68 years, from 77.5 years during 1995 to 79.2 years by 2007).

• The gap of female life expectancy between Oscott and England has widened by 0.4 year (i.e. 4 months) from 2.2 years to 2.6 years).


2.1 Infant mortality In areas with high infant mortality rates, the life expectancy at birth is highly sensitive to the rate of death in the first few years of life. Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) is calculated as the number of newborns dying under one year of age in every 1,000 live births during the year, excluding still births.

Figure 2.3 shows trends of IMR in Oscott, Birmingham, England and the most deprived quintile (i.e. 20%) Super Output Areas (SOAs) in Birmingham (based on Lower Super Output Area level IMD score 2007), from 1999 to 2007.

Oscott Infant Mortality Rate - 3 year rolling average

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

1999 / 01 2000 / 02 2001 / 03 2002 / 04 2003 / 05 2004 / 06 2005 / 07

Trend Years

Rate

per

1,0

00

Birmingham England M ost Deprived Quintile in Bham Oscott

Data source: Birmingham, West Midlands and England: National Centre for Health Outcomes Development Most deprived quintile in Birmingham: PHIT

Figure 2.3 Infant mortality rates per 1,000 births in Oscott, Birmingham, England and the most deprived quintile in Birmingham, 1999-2007

As illustrated in Figure 2.3, in 05/07, the IMR in Oscott is one and half times more than England and whilst that in the most deprived quintile is about two folds of England.

• From 99/01 to 05/07, the IMR in Oscott has increased by 750%. IMR presents a irregular increasing patterns that required further investigation to establish local variables.

• The gap between the most deprived quintile SOAs in Birmingham Oscott has increased from being 100% better to now only 2.5 below the deprived rate

• During the same period, the IMR in England has decreased smoothly from 5.6 to 4.9 (at about 0.1 per year). The gap between Oscott and England has increased from 5.6 below to 2.6 (750%).


3 Local focus

This section investigates into the leading causes of deaths locally.

3.1 Mortality rates on selected diseases Age-specific mortality rate is used to calculate life expectancy at birth. Disease specific standardised mortality rates are investigated into this part in order to identify leading diseases that contribute to the overall mortality rates in Oscott.

Table 3.1 shows directly standardized mortality rates for selected conditions in Oscott 2005-2007. Percentage of each disease’s rate out of the overall rate is also shown here. According to the figures, cancers, circulatory diseases, coronary heart disease are the major killers. They make more than 73.5% of the overall DSR, which is consistent with across Birmingham.

Table 3.1 Directly Standardized Mortality Rates (DSRs) per 100,000 population for selected conditions, Oscott, 2005-2007

DSR % out of all causes

rate*

All Causes 757.53

All Cancers 201.02 26.54%

All Circulatory Diseases 241.00 31.81%

Coronary Heart Disease 114.67 15.14%

* Percentage of rate for the specific disease out of rate for all causes

Data source: National Centre for Health Outcomes Development

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