Organic Molecules Carbon is the Main Ingredient in Organic Molecules.
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY MACROMOLECULES OF LIFE ORGANIC MOLECULES O Organic molecules are found in living...
-
Upload
meryl-hines -
Category
Documents
-
view
223 -
download
0
Transcript of ORGANIC CHEMISTRY MACROMOLECULES OF LIFE ORGANIC MOLECULES O Organic molecules are found in living...
![Page 1: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY MACROMOLECULES OF LIFE ORGANIC MOLECULES O Organic molecules are found in living things. O The chemistry of carbon O Carbon can bond.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102911/5697bf841a28abf838c86fa4/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
ORGANIC CHEMISTRYMACROMOLECULES
OF LIFE
![Page 2: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY MACROMOLECULES OF LIFE ORGANIC MOLECULES O Organic molecules are found in living things. O The chemistry of carbon O Carbon can bond.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102911/5697bf841a28abf838c86fa4/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
ORGANIC MOLECULESO Organic
molecules are found in living things.
O The chemistry of carbon
O Carbon can bond with up to four other atoms
![Page 3: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY MACROMOLECULES OF LIFE ORGANIC MOLECULES O Organic molecules are found in living things. O The chemistry of carbon O Carbon can bond.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102911/5697bf841a28abf838c86fa4/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
DIFFERENT SHAPESO Straight chains
O Branched chains
O Rings
![Page 4: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY MACROMOLECULES OF LIFE ORGANIC MOLECULES O Organic molecules are found in living things. O The chemistry of carbon O Carbon can bond.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102911/5697bf841a28abf838c86fa4/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
DIFFERENT STRENGTHS O Single bonds 1 pair e- sharedO Double bonds 2 pairs e- sharedO Triple bonds 3 pairs e- shared
![Page 5: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY MACROMOLECULES OF LIFE ORGANIC MOLECULES O Organic molecules are found in living things. O The chemistry of carbon O Carbon can bond.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102911/5697bf841a28abf838c86fa4/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
BONDS OF ORGANICO Alkanes: single
bonds
O Alkenes: double bonds
O Alkynes: triple bonds
O http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=itWLaLat8LU&feature=player_detailpage
![Page 6: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY MACROMOLECULES OF LIFE ORGANIC MOLECULES O Organic molecules are found in living things. O The chemistry of carbon O Carbon can bond.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102911/5697bf841a28abf838c86fa4/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
BIOMOLECULES
OCarbohydrates – sugars and starches
O Lipids – fats and oilsO Proteins-enzymesO Nucleic Acids – DNA, RNA, ATP,
ADP
![Page 7: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY MACROMOLECULES OF LIFE ORGANIC MOLECULES O Organic molecules are found in living things. O The chemistry of carbon O Carbon can bond.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102911/5697bf841a28abf838c86fa4/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
MONOMERS AND POLYMERS
O Monomer: single building unit
O Monosaccharides
O Amino acids
O Nucleotides
O Polymer: many monomers
O Carbohydrates
O Proteins
O Nucleic Acids
![Page 8: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY MACROMOLECULES OF LIFE ORGANIC MOLECULES O Organic molecules are found in living things. O The chemistry of carbon O Carbon can bond.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102911/5697bf841a28abf838c86fa4/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
CARBOHYDRATES
![Page 9: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY MACROMOLECULES OF LIFE ORGANIC MOLECULES O Organic molecules are found in living things. O The chemistry of carbon O Carbon can bond.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102911/5697bf841a28abf838c86fa4/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
MONOSACCHARIDESO Glucose—blood
sugar
O Fructose-fruit sugar
O Galactose—used in milk
![Page 10: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY MACROMOLECULES OF LIFE ORGANIC MOLECULES O Organic molecules are found in living things. O The chemistry of carbon O Carbon can bond.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102911/5697bf841a28abf838c86fa4/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
FUNCTIONO Monosaccharides Glucose, fructose, galactose
Quick Energy
![Page 11: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY MACROMOLECULES OF LIFE ORGANIC MOLECULES O Organic molecules are found in living things. O The chemistry of carbon O Carbon can bond.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102911/5697bf841a28abf838c86fa4/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
CONDENSATION—DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS
O Chemical reaction that builds molecules by the loss of a water molecule
![Page 12: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY MACROMOLECULES OF LIFE ORGANIC MOLECULES O Organic molecules are found in living things. O The chemistry of carbon O Carbon can bond.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102911/5697bf841a28abf838c86fa4/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
DISACCHARIDESO Sucrose glucose + fructose
O Lactose glucose + galactose
O Maltose glucose + glucose
![Page 13: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY MACROMOLECULES OF LIFE ORGANIC MOLECULES O Organic molecules are found in living things. O The chemistry of carbon O Carbon can bond.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102911/5697bf841a28abf838c86fa4/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
FUNCTIONO Disaccharides Sucrose, lactose, maltose
Short-term energy storage
Pre-game meals
![Page 14: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY MACROMOLECULES OF LIFE ORGANIC MOLECULES O Organic molecules are found in living things. O The chemistry of carbon O Carbon can bond.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102911/5697bf841a28abf838c86fa4/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
POLYSACCHARIDESO Glycogen—animal
storage in liver and muscles
O Chitin—exoskeleton in insects
O Starch—plant storage
O Cellulose—cell wall structure
![Page 15: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY MACROMOLECULES OF LIFE ORGANIC MOLECULES O Organic molecules are found in living things. O The chemistry of carbon O Carbon can bond.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102911/5697bf841a28abf838c86fa4/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
FUNCTIONO Energy storage Glycogen—animals Starch--plants
O Structural Chitin—insect exoskeletons Cellulose—cell walls in plantshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=hsBQsv01aks
![Page 16: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY MACROMOLECULES OF LIFE ORGANIC MOLECULES O Organic molecules are found in living things. O The chemistry of carbon O Carbon can bond.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102911/5697bf841a28abf838c86fa4/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
LIPIDSO Mainly carbon and hydrogen atoms
(hydrocarbon chains); very few oxygen
O Fatty acids + glycerol molecule
![Page 17: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY MACROMOLECULES OF LIFE ORGANIC MOLECULES O Organic molecules are found in living things. O The chemistry of carbon O Carbon can bond.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102911/5697bf841a28abf838c86fa4/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
WHAT DO LIPIDS DO?
![Page 18: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY MACROMOLECULES OF LIFE ORGANIC MOLECULES O Organic molecules are found in living things. O The chemistry of carbon O Carbon can bond.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102911/5697bf841a28abf838c86fa4/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
SATURATED FATS
O Long hydrocarbon chains
O Single bondsO Solid; Bad fatsO Function Long-term energy storage Insulation to retain heat
![Page 19: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY MACROMOLECULES OF LIFE ORGANIC MOLECULES O Organic molecules are found in living things. O The chemistry of carbon O Carbon can bond.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102911/5697bf841a28abf838c86fa4/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
UNSATURATED FATSO Long
hydrocarbon chains
O Single double bond
O Liquids; Good fats
O Long-term storage
![Page 20: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY MACROMOLECULES OF LIFE ORGANIC MOLECULES O Organic molecules are found in living things. O The chemistry of carbon O Carbon can bond.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102911/5697bf841a28abf838c86fa4/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
WAXESO Protective fruit
coatings
O Protective water proofing on feathers
![Page 21: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY MACROMOLECULES OF LIFE ORGANIC MOLECULES O Organic molecules are found in living things. O The chemistry of carbon O Carbon can bond.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102911/5697bf841a28abf838c86fa4/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
PHOSPHOLIPIDSO Major component of cell membranesO Phosphate head—hydrophilic and
polarO Fatty acid tails—hydrophobic and
nonpolar
![Page 22: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY MACROMOLECULES OF LIFE ORGANIC MOLECULES O Organic molecules are found in living things. O The chemistry of carbon O Carbon can bond.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102911/5697bf841a28abf838c86fa4/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
PHOSPHOLIPIDSO 2 fatty acids—glycerolO 1 phosphate--glycerol
![Page 23: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY MACROMOLECULES OF LIFE ORGANIC MOLECULES O Organic molecules are found in living things. O The chemistry of carbon O Carbon can bond.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102911/5697bf841a28abf838c86fa4/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
STEROIDSO Ring shaped
lipidsO Hormones—
regulatorsO Sex hormonesO Cholesterol
![Page 24: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY MACROMOLECULES OF LIFE ORGANIC MOLECULES O Organic molecules are found in living things. O The chemistry of carbon O Carbon can bond.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102911/5697bf841a28abf838c86fa4/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
CHOLESTEROLO Does not occur in
plantsO Most abundant
steroid in human body
O Not soluble in waterO Cannot be
transported in blood unless linked with a lipoprotein (water-soluble proteins)
O High levels of LDL increase heart disease risk
O High HDL reduces heart risk
O LDL:HDL ratio better indicator of heart disease risk
![Page 25: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY MACROMOLECULES OF LIFE ORGANIC MOLECULES O Organic molecules are found in living things. O The chemistry of carbon O Carbon can bond.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102911/5697bf841a28abf838c86fa4/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
HDLO Transport excess cholesterol from various
tissues to the liver where it is metabolized
O Basically they are removing cholesterol from the blood
O Increase HDL by: Exercise Lose weight
![Page 26: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY MACROMOLECULES OF LIFE ORGANIC MOLECULES O Organic molecules are found in living things. O The chemistry of carbon O Carbon can bond.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102911/5697bf841a28abf838c86fa4/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
LDL AND HDL
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=wnK1Kv3XkZI
![Page 27: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY MACROMOLECULES OF LIFE ORGANIC MOLECULES O Organic molecules are found in living things. O The chemistry of carbon O Carbon can bond.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102911/5697bf841a28abf838c86fa4/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
PROTEINSPOLYMERS OF AMINO ACIDS
![Page 28: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY MACROMOLECULES OF LIFE ORGANIC MOLECULES O Organic molecules are found in living things. O The chemistry of carbon O Carbon can bond.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102911/5697bf841a28abf838c86fa4/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
PROTEIN FUNCTIONSO control the rate of chemical reactions
- enzymesO regulate cell processesO transport oxygen in the blood -
hemoglobinO help fight disease - antibodiesO form bone and muscle
![Page 29: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY MACROMOLECULES OF LIFE ORGANIC MOLECULES O Organic molecules are found in living things. O The chemistry of carbon O Carbon can bond.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102911/5697bf841a28abf838c86fa4/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
PROTEIN MONOMERSO Carbon,
hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen.
O R-groups: identification of amino acid
O Carboxyl—acidO Amino-Carboxyl
by peptide bond
![Page 30: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY MACROMOLECULES OF LIFE ORGANIC MOLECULES O Organic molecules are found in living things. O The chemistry of carbon O Carbon can bond.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102911/5697bf841a28abf838c86fa4/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
PEPTIDE BONDO Condensation reaction by releasing water between amine group and carboxyl acid
![Page 31: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY MACROMOLECULES OF LIFE ORGANIC MOLECULES O Organic molecules are found in living things. O The chemistry of carbon O Carbon can bond.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102911/5697bf841a28abf838c86fa4/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
TYPES OF PROTEINS
Primary—hair, nails, Secondary--DNA skinLinear sequence Double helix
![Page 32: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY MACROMOLECULES OF LIFE ORGANIC MOLECULES O Organic molecules are found in living things. O The chemistry of carbon O Carbon can bond.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102911/5697bf841a28abf838c86fa4/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
TYPES OF PROTEINS
Tertiary—Enzymes Quarternary-- hemoglobinDouble strands folded 4 strands foldedback over themselves
![Page 33: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY MACROMOLECULES OF LIFE ORGANIC MOLECULES O Organic molecules are found in living things. O The chemistry of carbon O Carbon can bond.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102911/5697bf841a28abf838c86fa4/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
WHAT ARE ENZYMES?O Catalyst is
something that speeds up a chemical reaction
O Lowering the ACTIVATION ENERGY - the energy required for a reaction to begin
![Page 34: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY MACROMOLECULES OF LIFE ORGANIC MOLECULES O Organic molecules are found in living things. O The chemistry of carbon O Carbon can bond.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102911/5697bf841a28abf838c86fa4/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
PROPERTIES OF ENZYMES
O They are not changed by the reactions they speed up
O Can be reusedO They are SPECIFIC- means that only
one particular enzyme will work with one particular substrate
![Page 35: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY MACROMOLECULES OF LIFE ORGANIC MOLECULES O Organic molecules are found in living things. O The chemistry of carbon O Carbon can bond.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102911/5697bf841a28abf838c86fa4/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
FYI ABOUT ENZYMESO Suffix of –aseO Substrate—material being acted onO Active site—on enzyme where substrate
fitsO Many times enzyme named for substrate
they act on
maltose—maltase sucrose—sucrase
![Page 36: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY MACROMOLECULES OF LIFE ORGANIC MOLECULES O Organic molecules are found in living things. O The chemistry of carbon O Carbon can bond.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102911/5697bf841a28abf838c86fa4/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
LOCK AND KEY HYPOTHESIS
![Page 37: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY MACROMOLECULES OF LIFE ORGANIC MOLECULES O Organic molecules are found in living things. O The chemistry of carbon O Carbon can bond.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102911/5697bf841a28abf838c86fa4/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
EFFECTS ON ENZYMESO Temperature, pH, concentration of
substrate, concentration of enzymes
O Optimum ranges for enzymes
After this point the rate of reaction decreases until there is no reactionAt this point enzyme is said to be DENATURED – active site destroyed
![Page 38: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY MACROMOLECULES OF LIFE ORGANIC MOLECULES O Organic molecules are found in living things. O The chemistry of carbon O Carbon can bond.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102911/5697bf841a28abf838c86fa4/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
ENZYMEShttp://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=UXvCyLFszOU
![Page 39: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY MACROMOLECULES OF LIFE ORGANIC MOLECULES O Organic molecules are found in living things. O The chemistry of carbon O Carbon can bond.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102911/5697bf841a28abf838c86fa4/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
NUCLEIC ACIDSPolymer made up of carbon,
hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorus
![Page 40: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY MACROMOLECULES OF LIFE ORGANIC MOLECULES O Organic molecules are found in living things. O The chemistry of carbon O Carbon can bond.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102911/5697bf841a28abf838c86fa4/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
NUCLEIC ACID STRUCTURE
![Page 41: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY MACROMOLECULES OF LIFE ORGANIC MOLECULES O Organic molecules are found in living things. O The chemistry of carbon O Carbon can bond.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102911/5697bf841a28abf838c86fa4/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
DNA RNAO Double strandO Deoxyribose
sugarO Adenine—
ThymineO Only in nucleusO Genetic Code
O Single strandO Ribose sugarO Uracil—ThymineO Nucleus and
cytoplasmO Decoder
TYPES OF NUCLEIC ACIDS
![Page 42: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY MACROMOLECULES OF LIFE ORGANIC MOLECULES O Organic molecules are found in living things. O The chemistry of carbon O Carbon can bond.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102911/5697bf841a28abf838c86fa4/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
FUNCTIONThe main function of nucleic acids is to store and transmit genetic (hereditary) information
Monomers—nucleotides to code for amino acid sequence
![Page 43: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY MACROMOLECULES OF LIFE ORGANIC MOLECULES O Organic molecules are found in living things. O The chemistry of carbon O Carbon can bond.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102911/5697bf841a28abf838c86fa4/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
NUCLEIC ACIDShttp://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=NNASRkIU5Fw