Oracle_ch4.pptx
-
Upload
jenner-patrick-lopes-brasil -
Category
Documents
-
view
215 -
download
0
Transcript of Oracle_ch4.pptx
-
7/26/2019 Oracle_ch4.pptx
1/54
Dr. Chen, Oracle Database System (Oracle) 1
Chapter 4Constraints
Jason C. H. Chen,Ph.D.
Professor of MIS
School of BusinessGonzaga University
Spokane, WA 99258 USA
-
7/26/2019 Oracle_ch4.pptx
2/54
Dr. Chen, Oracle Database System (Oracle) 2
What will we study today?
IntegrityData
Referential
Integrity
How to
achieve it?
-
7/26/2019 Oracle_ch4.pptx
3/54
Dr. Chen, Oracle Database System (Oracle) 3
Objectives
Explain the purpose of constraints in a table
Distinguish among PRIMARY KEY, FOREIGNKEY, UNIQUE, CHECK, and NOT NULLconstraints and the appropriate use for eachconstraint
Understand how constraints can be created whencreating a table or modifying an existing table
Distinguish between creating constraints at thecolumn level and table level
-
7/26/2019 Oracle_ch4.pptx
4/54
Dr. Chen, Oracle Database System (Oracle) 4
Objectives (continued)
Create PRIMARY KEY constraints for a singlecolumn and a composite primary key (cpk)
Create a FOREIGN KEY constraint
Create a UNIQUE constraint Create a CHECK constraint
Create a NOT NULL constraint using the ALTER
TABLEMODIFY command
Include constraints during table creation
Use DISABLE and ENABLE commands
Use the DROP command
-
7/26/2019 Oracle_ch4.pptx
5/54
Dr. Chen, Oracle Database System (Oracle) 5
customers
orders
pk
fkpk
customer# LastName Referred Region
1001 MORALES NULL SE
1005 GIRARD NULL NW
1020 FALAH NULL NE
Order# customer# ShipZip ShipCost
1000 1005 98114 2.00
1003 1001 32328 4.00
1012 1007 49002 6.00
Can we create orders#1 if customers#5 is not
created? Why?
Can we delete customers#5 if orders#1 is still in thedatabase? Why?
Customers#5
orders#1
Referential Integrity
-
7/26/2019 Oracle_ch4.pptx
6/54
Dr. Chen, Oracle Database System (Oracle) 6
Refresh the Database
1. Create a new folder on c:\ as follows:
c:\oradata\chapter4
2. Go to Blackboard and download datafiles from Oracle chapter4 and save under
c:\oradata\chapter4\
3. Run the following script file
Start c:\oradata\chapter4\JLDB_Build_4.sql
-
7/26/2019 Oracle_ch4.pptx
7/54
Dr. Chen, Oracle Database System (Oracle) 7
Type the following SQL commands
-- chapter 4, Figure 4-5; p. 104INSERT INTO customers (customer#, lastname,
firstname, region)
VALUES (1020, 'PADDY', 'JACK', 'NE');
--extra INSERT command
INSERT INTO orders (order#, customer#, orderdate)
VALUES (1021, 1021, '06-APR-09');
-- DELETE command
DELETE FROM customers
WHERE customer# = 1005;
-
7/26/2019 Oracle_ch4.pptx
8/54
Dr. Chen, Oracle Database System (Oracle) 8
pk
pk fk
Customers#5
orders#1
Can we create
orders#1 if
customers#5 isnot created?
Why?
Can we delete
customers#5 if
orders#1 is still in
the database?
Why?
Can we insert a
different customerwith Duplicate pk?
-
7/26/2019 Oracle_ch4.pptx
9/54
Dr. Chen, Oracle Database System (Oracle) 9
customers
RULES:
1.
You cant adda record to TABLE- (or the table with fk,e.g., orders)
unless there is a corresponding record in TABLE-1 (or the table with pk).
2.You cant deletea record in TABLE-1 (or the table with pk, e.g.,
customers) if there is a record in TABLE-
(or the table with fk).
Order of enteringdata into the database: customersorders
Order of deletingdata from the database: orders customers
orders
pk
fkpk
customer# LastName Referred Region
1001 MORALES NULL SE
1005 GIRARD NULL NW
1020 FALAH NULL NE
Order# customer# ShipZip ShipCost
1000 1005 98114 2.00
1003 1001 32328 4.00
1012 1007 49002 6.00
-
7/26/2019 Oracle_ch4.pptx
10/54
Dr. Chen, Oracle Database System (Oracle) 10
Review from Last Class
What are the three rules of naming table and field?
What are the three (total of four) required information
that should be described for each field?1. Name
2. Type
3. Size
4. Constraint
L
-
7/26/2019 Oracle_ch4.pptx
11/54
Dr. Chen, Oracle Database System (Oracle) 11
What is a Constraint?
A rule used to enforce business rules, practices,and policies
A rule used to ensure accuracy and integrity of
data A mechanism used to protect
the relationship between data within an Oracletable, or
the correspondence between data in two differenttables.
For example, the state entered must be one of the 50
states in the U.S.
-
7/26/2019 Oracle_ch4.pptx
12/54
Dr. Chen, Oracle Database System (Oracle) 12
Types of Constraints
I ntegr i ty constraints: define primary and foreignkeys
Value constraints:define specific data values ordata ranges that must be inserted into columns and
whether values must be unique or not NULL
Table constraint: restricts the data value withrespect to all other values in the table
Field (column) constraint: limits the value thatcan be placed in a specific field, irrespective ofvalues that exist in other table records
-
7/26/2019 Oracle_ch4.pptx
13/54
Dr. Chen, Oracle Database System (Oracle) 13
I. Naming conventions for constraints
__
Where is:
pk PRIMARY KEY fk REFERENCES (pk)
ck CHECK (note that cc stands for CHECK CONDITION)
nn NOT NULL
uk UNIQUE
e.g.,
s_id NUMBER (6) CONSTRAINT student_s_id_pkPRIMARY KEY;
-
7/26/2019 Oracle_ch4.pptx
14/54
Dr. Chen, Oracle Database System (Oracle) 14
Integrity Constraints
Define primary key fields
Specify foreign keys and theircorresponding table and columnreferences
Specify composite keys
-
7/26/2019 Oracle_ch4.pptx
15/54
Dr. Chen, Oracle Database System (Oracle) 15
Creating a Table
CREATE TABLE tablename
(fieldname1data_type (size)
[CONSTRAINT constraint_name constraint_type],fieldname2 data_type (size),
[CONSTRAINT constraint_name constraint_type,]
);
-
7/26/2019 Oracle_ch4.pptx
16/54
Dr. Chen, Oracle Database System (Oracle) 16
Creating Constraints
When
During table creation
After table creation, by modifying the existing
table
How
Column level approach
Table level approach
-
7/26/2019 Oracle_ch4.pptx
17/54
Dr. Chen, Oracle Database System (Oracle) 17
Creating Constraints at the Column Level
If a constraint is being created at the column level, the
constraint applies to the column specified
Creating Constraints at the Table Level
Approach can be used to create any constraint type after alltable field definitions are completed except NOT NULL
Required if constraint is based on multiple columns
Figure 4-1 Syntax for creating a column-level constraint
Figure 4-2 Syntax for creating a table-level constraint
-
7/26/2019 Oracle_ch4.pptx
18/54
Dr. Chen, Oracle Database System (Oracle) 18
Customer# LastName FirstName Address City State Zip Referred Region EmailNUMBER(4) VARCHAR2(10) VARCHAR2
(10)
VARCHAR2
(20)
VARCHAR2(12) VARCHAR
2(2)
VARCHAR2
(5)
NUMBER(
4)
CHAR(2) VARCHAR2(
30)
Order# Customer# OrderDate ShipDate ShipStreet ShipCity ShipState ShipZip ShipCostNUMBER(4) NUMBER(4) DATE DATE VARCHAR2(18) VARCHAR2(15) VARCHAR2(2) NUMBER(4) NUMBER(4,2)
CREATE TABLE Customers
(Customer# NUMBER(4),
LastName VARCHAR2(10) NOT NULL,
FirstName VARCHAR2(10) NOT NULL,
Address VARCHAR2(20),
City VARCHAR2(12),
State VARCHAR2(2),
Zip VARCHAR2(5),
Referred NUMBER(4),Region CHAR(2),
Email VARCHAR2(30),
CONSTRAINT customers_customer#_pk PRIMARY KEY(customer#),
CONSTRAINT customers_region_ck
CHECK (region IN ('N', 'NW', 'NE', 'S', 'SE', 'SW', 'W', 'E')) );
CUSTOMERSpk
ORDERSfkpk
Optional(variable name)
-
7/26/2019 Oracle_ch4.pptx
19/54
Dr. Chen, Oracle Database System (Oracle) 19
Customer# LastName FirstName Address City State Zip Referred Region EmailNUMBER(4) VARCHAR2(10) VARCHAR2
(10)
VARCHAR2
(20)
VARCHAR2(12) VARCHAR
2(2)
VARCHAR2
(5)
NUMBER(
4)
CHAR(2) VARCHAR2(
30)
Order# Customer# OrderDate ShipDate ShipStreet ShipCity ShipState ShipZip ShipCostNUMBER(4) NUMBER(4) DATE DATE VARCHAR2(18) VARCHAR2(15) VARCHAR2(2) NUMBER(4) NUMBER(4,2)
CREATE TABLE Orders
(Order# NUMBER(4),
Customer# NUMBER(4),OrderDate DATE NOT NULL,
ShipDate DATE,
ShipStreet VARCHAR2(18),
ShipCity VARCHAR2(15),
ShipState VARCHAR2(2),ShipZip VARCHAR2(5),
ShipCost NUMBER(4,2),
CONSTRAINT orders_order#_pkPRIMARY KEY(order#),
CONSTRAINT orders_customer#_fkFOREIGN KEY (customer#)
REFERENCEScustomers(customer#));
CUSTOMERSpk
ORDERS
fk
pk
Optional
(variable name)
-
7/26/2019 Oracle_ch4.pptx
20/54
Dr. Chen, Oracle Database System (Oracle) 20
Order# Customer# OrderDate ShipDate ShipStreet ShipCity ShipState ShipZip ShipCostNUMBER(4) NUMBER(4) DATE DATE VARCHAR2(18) VARCHAR2(15) VARCHAR2(2) NUMBER(4) NUMBER(4,2)
ORDERS
Order# Item# ISBN Quantity PaidEach
NUMBER(4) NUMBER(2) VARCHAR2(10) NUMBER(3) NUMBER(5,2)
ORDERITEMS
CREATE TABLE ORDERITEMS
( Order# NUMBER(4),
Item# NUMBER(2),
ISBN VARCHAR2(10),
Quantity NUMBER(3) NOT NULL,
PaidEach NUMBER(5,2) NOT NULL,
CONSTRAINT orderitems_order#item#_pkPRIMARY KEY (order#,
item#),CONSTRAINT orderitems_order#_fkFOREIGN KEY (order#)
REFERENCESorders (order#) ,
CONSTRAINT orderitems_isbn_fkFOREIGN KEY (isbn)
REFERENCESbooks (isbn) ,
CONSTRAINT oderitems_quantity_ckCHECK(quantity > 0) );
ISBN Title PubDate PubID Cost Retail Discount CategoryVARCHAR2(10) VARCHAR2(30) DATE NUMBER(2) NUMBER(5,2) NUMBER(5,2) NUMBER(4,2) VARCHAR2(12)
BOOKSpk
fkfk
pk
Optional
(variable name)
cpk
How to define composite key?
-
7/26/2019 Oracle_ch4.pptx
21/54
Dr. Chen, Oracle Database System (Oracle) 21
Your Job
You need to study and understand all
CREATE TABLE SQL commands in
JLDB_Build_4.sql
-
7/26/2019 Oracle_ch4.pptx
22/54
Dr. Chen, Oracle Database System (Oracle) 22
Enforcement of Constraints
All constraints are enforced at the table
level
If a data value violates a constraint, the
entire row is rejected
-
7/26/2019 Oracle_ch4.pptx
23/54
Dr. Chen, Oracle Database System (Oracle) 23
Constraint Types
Table 4-1 Constraint types
-
7/26/2019 Oracle_ch4.pptx
24/54
Dr. Chen, Oracle Database System (Oracle) 24
Your Turn
-
7/26/2019 Oracle_ch4.pptx
25/54
Dr. Chen, Oracle Database System (Oracle) 25
Syntax:CONSTRAINT constraint_name PRIMARY KEY
Primary Key Constraints
SQL> CREATE TABLE students
2 (s_id NUMBER(6) CONSTRAINT students_s_id_pk PRIMARYKEY,
3 s_name VARCHAR2(30),
4 s_class CHAR(2),
5 s_dob DATE);
Create a table with the following information:
1. Name of the table: students
2. Fields: s_id number with 6 digits and is a primary key, s_namecharacter with 30 chars, s_class with 2 chars, s_dob with DATE
-
7/26/2019 Oracle_ch4.pptx
26/54
Dr. Chen, Oracle Database System (Oracle) 26
at the Column-Level
Primary Key Constraints (cont.)
SQL> CREATE TABLE students
2 (s_id NUMBER(6),3 s_name VARCHAR2(30),
4 s_class CHAR(2),
5 s_dob DATE,
6 CONSTRAINT students_s_id_pkPRIMARY KEY (s_id));
SQL> CREATE TABLE students
2 (s_id NUMBER(6) CONSTRAINT students_s_id_pkPRIMARY
KEY,
3 s_name VARCHAR2(30),
4 s_class CHAR(2),
5 s_dob DATE);
Practice:
Type in one of the command. at the Table-Level
-
7/26/2019 Oracle_ch4.pptx
27/54
Dr. Chen, Oracle Database System (Oracle) 27
Adding Constraints to Existing Tables
Constraints are added to an existing table
with the ALTER TABLE command
Add a NOT NULL constraint using
MODIFY clause
All other constraints are added using ADD
clause
-
7/26/2019 Oracle_ch4.pptx
28/54
Dr. Chen, Oracle Database System (Oracle) 28
Using the PRIMARY KEY Constraint
Ensures that columns do not contain duplicate
or NULL values
Only one per table is allowed
Figure 4-3 Syntax of the ALTER TABLE command to add a PRIMARY KEY constraint
-
7/26/2019 Oracle_ch4.pptx
29/54
Dr. Chen, Oracle Database System (Oracle) 29
Constraint Checked with Data Input
Figure 4-5 Insert a row to test the constraint
-
7/26/2019 Oracle_ch4.pptx
30/54
Dr. Chen, Oracle Database System (Oracle) 30
PRIMARY KEY Constraint for Composite Key
List column names within parentheses
separated by commas
Figure 4-7 Adding a composite PRIMARY KEY constraint
-
7/26/2019 Oracle_ch4.pptx
31/54
Dr. Chen, Oracle Database System (Oracle) 31
Drop Contraint
ALTER TABLE orderitems
DROP CONSTRAINT
orderitems_order#item#_pk PRIMARY
KEY (order#, item#);
-
7/26/2019 Oracle_ch4.pptx
32/54
Dr. Chen, Oracle Database System (Oracle) 32
Multiple Constraints on a Single Column
A column may be included in multiple constraints
The order# column is included in a primary key and a
foreign key constraint
Figure 4-32 Assigning multiple constraints to a column
Optional
(variable name)
-
7/26/2019 Oracle_ch4.pptx
33/54
Dr. Chen, Oracle Database System (Oracle) 33
Using the FOREIGN KEY Constraint
Requires a value to exist in the referenced column
of another table
NULL values are allowed
Enforces referential integrity Maps to the PRIMARY KEY in parent table
Customer# LastName FirstName Address Region
Order# Customer# OrderDate ShipZip ShipCost
customers
orders
pk
fk
-
7/26/2019 Oracle_ch4.pptx
34/54
Dr. Chen, Oracle Database System (Oracle) 34
Using the FOREIGN KEY Constraint
You cannot delete a value in a parent table (pk)
referenced by a row in a child table (fk)
Customer# LastName FirstName Address Region
Order# Customer# OrderDate ShipZip ShipCost
customers
orders
pk
fk
-
7/26/2019 Oracle_ch4.pptx
35/54
Dr. Chen, Oracle Database System (Oracle) 35
Customer# LastName FirstName Address Region
Order# Customer# OrderDate ShipZip ShipCost
customers
orders
pk
fk
RULES:
1.
You cant adda record to TABLE- (or the table with fk,
e.g., orders) unless there is a corresponding record in
TABLE-1 (or the table with pk).
2.You cant deletea record in TABLE-1 (or the table with pk, e.g.,
customers) if there is a record in TABLE- (or the table with fk).
Order of enteringdata into the database: customersorders
Order of deletingdata from the database: orders customers
-
7/26/2019 Oracle_ch4.pptx
36/54
Dr. Chen, Oracle Database System (Oracle) 36
FOREIGN KEY Constraint Example
Figure 4-9 Adding a FOREIGN KEY constraint
-
7/26/2019 Oracle_ch4.pptx
37/54
Dr. Chen, Oracle Database System (Oracle) 37
Deletion of Foreign Key Values
You cannot delete a value in a parent table
referenced by a row in a child table
Use ON DELETE CASCADE keywords
when creating FOREIGN KEY constraintit automatically deletes a parent row when
the row in a child table is deleted
-
7/26/2019 Oracle_ch4.pptx
38/54
Dr. Chen, Oracle Database System (Oracle) 38
Using the UNIQUE Constraint
No duplicates are allowed in the referencedcolumn
NULL values are permitted
Figure 4-16 Adding a UNIQUE constraint
-
7/26/2019 Oracle_ch4.pptx
39/54
Dr. Chen, Oracle Database System (Oracle) 39
Using the CHECK Constraint
Updates and additions must meet specifiedcondition
Figure 4-19 Adding a CHECK constraint to the ORDERS table
-
7/26/2019 Oracle_ch4.pptx
40/54
Dr. Chen, Oracle Database System (Oracle) 40
Using the NOT NULL Constraint
The NOT NULL constraint is a special
CHECK constraint with IS NOT NULL
condition
Can only be created at column level
Included in output of DESCRIBE command
Can only be added to an existing table using
ALTER TABLEMODIFY command
-
7/26/2019 Oracle_ch4.pptx
41/54
Dr. Chen, Oracle Database System (Oracle) 41
NOT NULL Constraint Example
Figure 4-23 Adding a NOT NULL constraint
-
7/26/2019 Oracle_ch4.pptx
42/54
Dr. Chen, Oracle Database System (Oracle) 42
Practice
Lets try to create additional tablesJustLee Books would like to create some new
tables to store office equipment inventory data.
DeptID
Dname
Fax
DEPTEquipID
Edesc
Purchdate
Rating
DeptID
EtypeID
EQUIP
EtypeID
Etypename
ETYPES
Figure 4-26 E-R model for equipment tables
-
7/26/2019 Oracle_ch4.pptx
43/54
Dr. Chen, Oracle Database System (Oracle) 43
Including Constraints during Table
DeptID
Dname
Fax
DEPT EquipIDEdesc
Purchdate
Rating
DeptID
EtypeID
EQUIP
EtypeID
Etypename
ETYPES
Each department name must be unique.
Each department must be assigned a name .
Each equipment type name must be unique
Each equipment type must be assigned a name.
Each equipment item must be assigned a valid department.
If an equipment item is assigned a type, it must be a valid type.
Valid rating values for equipment are A, B, and C.
unique
NOT NULL
unique
NOT NULL
ck
fkfk
pkpk pk
-
7/26/2019 Oracle_ch4.pptx
44/54
Dr. Chen, Oracle Database System (Oracle) 44
-- chapter 4, Figure 4-27; p. 117CREATE TABLE dept
(deptid NUMBER(2),
dname VARCHAR2(20) NOT NULL,
fax VARCHAR2(12),CONSTRAINT dept_deptid_pk PRIMARY KEY(deptid),
CONSTRAINT dept_dname_uk UNIQUE(dname) );
DEPT table creation
Each department name must be unique.
Each department must be assigned a name .
unique
NOT NULL
i i iff f i
-
7/26/2019 Oracle_ch4.pptx
45/54
Dr. Chen, Oracle Database System (Oracle) 45
-- chapter 4, Figure 4-27; p. 117CREATE TABLE dept
(deptid NUMBER(2),
dname VARCHAR2(20) NOT NULL,
fax VARCHAR2(12),
CONSTRAINT dept_deptid_pk PRIMARY KEY(deptid),CONSTRAINT dept_dname_uk UNIQUE(dname) );
-- chapter 4, Figure 4-30; p. 119
CREATE TABLE dept(deptid NUMBER(2) CONSTRAINT dept_deptid_pk PRIMARY KEY,
dname VARCHAR2(20) NOT NULL CONSTRAINT dept_dname_uk
UNIQUE,
fax VARCHAR2(12));
Constraints are defined at the column-level
What is the main difference on the following
CREATE TABLE statements?
Constraints are defined at the table-level
-
7/26/2019 Oracle_ch4.pptx
46/54
Dr. Chen, Oracle Database System (Oracle) 46
-- chapter 4, Figure 4-28; p. 118
CREATE TABLE etypes
(etypeid NUMBER(2),
etypename VARCHAR2(20) NOT NULL,
CONSTRAINT etypes_etypeid_pk PRIMARY KEY (etypeid),
CONSTRAINT etypes_etypename_uk UNIQUE(etypename) );
-- chapter 4, Figure 4-29; p. 119
CREATE TABLE equip
(equipid NUMBER(3),edesc VARCHAR2(30),
purchdate DATE,
rating CHAR(1),
deptid NUMBER(2) NOT NULL,
etypeid NUMBER(2),
CONSTRAINT equip_equipid_pk PRIMARY KEY(equipid),CONSTRAINT equip_deptid_fk FOREIGN KEY(deptid)
REFERENCES dept (dept_id),
CONSTRAINT equip_etypeid_fk FOREIGN KEY(etypeid)
REFERENCES etypes (etypeid),
CONSTRAINT equip_rating_ck CHECK(rating IN('A', 'B', 'C', 'D')) );
Each equipment item must be assigned a valid department.
If an equipment item is assigned a type, it must be a validtype.
Valid rating values for equipment are A, B, and C.
Each equipment type name must be unique
Each equipment type must be assigned a name.
-
7/26/2019 Oracle_ch4.pptx
47/54
Dr. Chen, Oracle Database System (Oracle) 47
Including Constraints during Table CreationTable Level
Include at end of column list
Figure 4-29 EQUIP table creation
-
7/26/2019 Oracle_ch4.pptx
48/54
Dr. Chen, Oracle Database System (Oracle) 48
Viewing ConstraintsUSER_CONSTRAINTS
Display constraint listing for a specific table
Figure 4-33 SELECT statement to view data about existing constraints
-
7/26/2019 Oracle_ch4.pptx
49/54
Dr. Chen, Oracle Database System (Oracle) 49
Disabling Constraints
-- chapter 4, Figure 4-36; p. 123ALTER TABLE equip
DISABLE CONSTRAINT equip_rating_ck;
ALTER TABLE equip
ENABLE CONSTRAINT equip_rating_ck;
-
7/26/2019 Oracle_ch4.pptx
50/54
Dr. Chen, Oracle Database System (Oracle) 50
Dropping Constraints
-- chapter 4, Figure 4-38; p. 124
ALTER TABLE equip
DROP CONSTRAINT equip_rating_ck;
-- chapter 4, Figure 4-39; p. 125ALTER TABLE customers
DROP PRIMARY KEY;
-- chapter 4, Figure 4-40; p. 125ALTER TABLE customers
DROP PRIMARY KEY CASCADE;
HW!!
-
7/26/2019 Oracle_ch4.pptx
51/54
Dr. Chen, Oracle Database System (Oracle) 51
HW!!
Practice all the examples in the text.
A Script file is available on the Bb (file name:
Ch4Queries.sql)
After completing all examples, do the HW (hint: see
the tables below for the final schema and the sample
output on the Bb under Assignmentsrep_id last first comm base_salary
NUMBER(5) VARCHAR2(15) VARCHAR2(10) CHAR(1) NUMBER(7,2)
store_id name contact rep_id
NUMBER(8) VARCHAR2(30) VARCHAR2(30) NUMBER(5)
store_id name quarter rep_id
NUMBER(8) VARCHAR2(5) CHAR(3) NUMBER(5)
pk store_reps
pk fkbook_stores
cpk, fkcpk
cpk, fkrep_contracts
Homework Hands On Assignments
-
7/26/2019 Oracle_ch4.pptx
52/54
Dr. Chen, Oracle Database System (Oracle) 52
Homework - Hands-On Assignments
Read and Practice all examples on Chapters 4
1. Run the script files (in the folder \oradata\chapter4\):
JLDB_Build_4.sql 2. Read Oracle assignment and create a script fileOracle_ch4_Lname_Fname.sql for questions (#1 to#8; p.133) on Hands-on Assignments. .
3. Execute and test one problem at a time and make surethey are all running successfully.
4. When you done, spool the script files (see next slidefor spooling instructions) and email the file(Oracle_ch4_Spool_Lname_Fname.txt) to me by themidnight before the next class.
Email me with one attachment
(Oracle_ch4_Spool_Lname_Fname.) to:
[email protected] subject title of
bmis441_Oracle_ch4
H S l S i d O Fil
-
7/26/2019 Oracle_ch4.pptx
53/54
Dr. Chen, Oracle Database System (Oracle) 53
How to Spool your Script and Output Files
After you tested the script file of Oracle_ch4_Lname_Fname.sql successfully,follow the instructions below to spool both script and output files:
Step 0. Run the following script file from SQL*Plus (since you have createdJLDB tables)
Start c:\oradata\chapter4\JLDB_Build_4.sql
1. type the following on SQL> Spool c:\oradata\Oracle_ch4_Spool_Lname_Fname.txt(make sure your name is entered)
2. open Oracle_ch4_Lname_Fname.sql that you already tested
3. copy and paste all the SQL commands (including all comments) to theSQL*PLUS
4. type Spool Off on the SQL>
The output should contain your personal information, all SQL commands andtheir solution on the .txt file and saved in C: drive (oradata\ folder)
Email me with the spooled file (.txt) with attachment to:
with subject title of
bmis441_Oracle_ch4
-
7/26/2019 Oracle_ch4.pptx
54/54
End of chapter 4