Oraciones en Presente (to Be, To Have,To Do Etc)

7/28/2019 Oraciones en Presente (to Be, To Have,To Do Etc)

1/62

Grammar at its best !!!


2/62

Present Tense

The Present tense has several uses:-

It expresses a single act at the present time; as,

Here comes Harry.

It expresses a habit or occupation, character or

permanent action; as,

Every day I get up at four oclock.

He drinks milk every morning.

Mr. Smith is a farmer.

The earth revolves around the sun.


3/62

It expresses universal truths; as,

The sun sets in the west every evening.

Honesty is the best policy.

Man is mortal.

It is sometimes employed to describe past eventsand is then called the Historic Present; as,

Now the Trojans come down on the Greeks as

wolf on the fold.

It is sometimes used to express some future

event; as:

They fly to London next Sunday.

He sails for Colombo next month.


4/62

Rule 1:- The Present tense is formed by placing

root verb after the subject.

Examples:

I drink tea every morning and evening.

We help our parents in domestic work.

You always make a lot of noise in the class.

They work in the field.

Cattle graze in the meadow.

Birds sing sweetly.

Monsoon winds bring us rain.

Rule: - subject + root verb


5/62

Children watch television three to four hoursevery day.

People moan about poverty as great evil.

I always pity the sons and daughters of the rich

man.

Insurance companies exact fewer premiumsfrom total abstainers than habitual drinkers.

Trees give us food, clothing and shelter.

Hens lay eggs.

Donkeys and Camels carry load.

Birds build nests for laying eggs.


6/62

Rule 2:- If a subject is a third person singular

then s is applied to some root verbs.

Examples:

Every day he walksto school.

She cooksour food.

It hurtsme.

Tom makesfine kites.

Marysingsvery sweetly.

An Aircraft landson the airport.

Neil readsshort stories.

Rule: - He / she / it + root verb + s


7/62

Petereatsan apple every day.

My motherpreparestea for us.

Our dog bitesthe strangers only.

The sun givesus heat and light.

Hesuffersbadly from indigestion.

She makesall kinds of snacks.

She eatsa lot of peanuts every day.

He chewsfood well before swallowing it.

She likesblack coffee.

He makesseveral business visits to New York

every month.


8/62

Rule 3:- If a root verb ends in ch, sh, o, s or x

then es, is applied to such a verb when the

subject is a third person singular.

A third person subject (He/she/it) + a root verb

ending in either ch, sh, o, s or x + es

Examples:

Mr. Adam teachesMathematics at the

university.

She washesour clothes.

Hegoesto college on foot.

A highwaypassesby our house.

A milkman mixeswater with milk. A fisherman

catches fish with fishing net.

Shepunishesthe late comers.

He doessome work.


9/62

A wind kisses the trees but they do not make

any noise.

Hefixesthe date of wedding.

She touchesme at the shoulder.

He brusheshis teeth every morning and also

before going to bed at night.

The umpire tossesa coin before the play begins.

Matthew watchestelevision for three to fourhours every day.

The Government taxespeople to pay its

expenses.


10/62

Rule 4:- If a root verb ends in y preceded by a

consonant, then y is changed into I and then

es is added to such a verb when the subject is athird person singular.

A third person subject (He/she/it) + root verb

ending in y is replaced by I + es

Examples:

John triesto solve a mathematical problem.

Shefriesmeat balls.

The super fast train pliesbetween New Yorkand Washington.

The sun drieslakes during summer.

This child criesall the time.

He marriesa daughter of a rich landlord.

Peterhurriesto his office.


11/62

The travelertarriesat the inn on his way.

My mother always worriesabout me.

A miserburieshis money under the ground.

Television program occupiesboys attention.

He leviesunjust taxes on the people.

Shepacifiesa screaming baby.

A kite fliesin the sky.

A bus carriespassengers from one place to

another.


12/62



13/62

Present Forms of

To Be

Person Singular Plural

First Person: I am. We are.

Second

Person:

You are. You are.

Third Person: He is. They are.

She is. They are.

It is. They are.


14/62

Various meanings of To Be

TO BE: am, is, are, was, were, been, being:

To have reality; to exist; to live: She is no more.

To take place; to happen: Cattle exhibition ishere next week.

To remain; to continue: He will be in U.S. all

year.

To equal; to represent: Let "y" be the unknown

quantity.

Be is used as linking verb between a subject and

a predicate modifier:

John is the captain. She is sick.

Be is used as an auxiliary verb with the present

participle of another verb to form progressivetense:


15/62

He is reading. She was asking. You will be

asking.

Be is used to express future time, duty, intention

and Possibility:

I am to be there at seven.

No cloud is to be seen.

Be is used with the past participles of someverbs to form the perfect tense: The sun is set.

Examples: (Affirmative Sentences)

I am the architect of my fate.

I am the citizen of no mean country.

We are the puppets in the hands of God.

You arevery jealous of my success.

You all arehonest people.


16/62

They all arehonorable people.

He isan artist.

She isvery shy girl.

It isvery costly.

They areour good neighbors.

Sugaris

sweet.

Fox isa cunning animal.

Bitter gourdis

bitter.

There are seven days in a week.

Sundayis

the first day of the week.

Language isone the most valuable to

possessions of man.

Man ismortal.


17/62

Grass isgreen.

Sea wateris salty.

Cobra isa poisonous snake.

Mathematics ismy favorite study.

I am very proud of your outstanding success.

Sheis

my cousin.

It isboth cheap and good.

Dogis

a faithful animal.

Prevention isbetter than cure.

Goldis

a precious metal.

The Mediterranean sea isbetween Europe and

Africa.

The Everest is the highest mountain peak in the

world.


18/62

Moustache isone the most visible signs of

manliness.

Characteris the crown and glory of life.

Paris is the capital and largest city of France.

Silveris lighter than gold.

The moon isa satellite of the earth.

The Nile is the longest river in the world.

The Chinese aremore ambitious than the

Japanese.

Telephone, radio and television are some of thequickest means of reaching people.

Pen ismightier than sword.

M i h h f i


19/62

Mango is sweeter than any other fruit.

My circumstances arevery bad.

Airiseverywhere.

Health iswealth.

Man isa wolf to man.

Bloodis

thicker than water. The wages of sin isdeath.

Hunger, cold and sicknessare

hardships.

This isa good book on English grammar.

Mercuryis

13.6 times heavier than water.

My youngest son isan aircraft mechanic.

I am the captain of my soul.

E l (N ti S t )


20/62

Examples: (Negative Sentences)

I am not cocksure.

We arenot slaves.

You arenot ready.

You arenot very sincere.

He isnot at home.

She isnot well.

Itis

not my job.

It isnot her fault.

Manis

not immortal.

The sky isnot cloudy.

Theyare

not my enemies.

Birds arenot in their nests.

W th i t h t


21/62

Weatherisnot hot.

She isnot a timid girl.

They arenot cowards.

I am not a beggar.

Grapes arenot sour.

Their parents arenot very rich.

He isnot a thief.

This caris

not in a good condition.

My fatherisnot a politician.

Youare

not a good singer.

The ministerisnot corrupt.

Your teethare

not clean and healthy.

He isnot a dishonest man.

She is not my relative


22/62

She isnot my relative.

Your answers arenot wrong.

Harry isnot an engineer.

Our people arenot illiterate.

Ours isnot a joint family.

Tom isnot a liar as you think.

Your question isnot very easy to answer.

Wealthis

not as important as health.

Fighting people isnot as good as planting trees.

A dead lionis

not as useful as a live ass.

Your handwriting isnot legible.

The passenger trainis

not late.

We arenot deaf.


23/62

Your idea isnot a bad one.

This waterisnot pure.

English language isnot so hard as Sanskrit.

Gold isnot so useful as iron.

Warisnot the ultimate reality in life.

I am not a faultfinder.

Sheis

not a witch.

Stone isnot a living thing.

Thereis

no life on the Moon.

There isno smoke without fire.


24/62


Present Forms of


25/62

Present Forms of

To Do


First Person: I do. We do.

Second

Person:

You do. You do.

Third Person: He does. They do.

She does. They do.

It does. They do.

Various meanings of to Do


26/62

Various meanings of to Do

Do: do, doest or dost, Does: doeth or doth

pt. did, pp. done, ppr. doing.

To carry out; to perform:

I did my work.

To act; to work:

It was a question of do or die.

To complete; to finish, to end: Thats done.

To make; to produce:

Warner Brothers did a movie about Troy.

To be the cause of; to bring about:

Two Great World Wars did a misery to the

entire mankind.

To Act; to behave: Do wisely.


27/62

To Act; to behave: Do wisely.

To render: Do justice.

To deal with as the case may require; to put in

order:

Do the dishes. Do your hair.

To get along; to manage; to fare:

How do you do?

To be satisfactory; to be enough; to serve:

This pen will do.

To work out; to solve:

He likes to do crossword puzzles. Do the sum.

To cook: Food will be done in an hour.

To cover; to traverse:


28/62

To cover; to traverse:

He does 40 km. in an hour.

To cheat; to trick:

You shouldnt do me in this deal.

Do have special uses where it has no definite

meaning:

a) In asking questions: Do you like milk?

b) In emphasizing a verb: I do want to go.

c) In standing for a verb already used:

My dog goes where I do.

d) In expressions that contain not: People talk;

animals do not.

In inverted constructions after the adverbsrarely, hardly, little etc.

Rarely doeshe laugh.


29/62

y g

Examples:

I do my chore regularly.

We do exercise every morning.

You do harm to animals.

He doesact of mischief.

She doespainting for pastime.

It doeswork.

They do prayers.

Jamesdoes

telephone repairing.

Lee doesembroidery.

Parentsdo

a lot for their children.

The boy doesall the sums correctly.


30/62

He doesoral practice.

They do canvassing for the Congress


31/62


Present Forms of


32/62

Present Forms of

To Have


First Person: I have. We have.

Second

Person:

You have. You have.

Third Person: He has. They have.

She has. They have.

It has. They have.

Various Meanings of To Have


33/62

To: hast, hath, has, have, had, and having:

To hold:

I have a pen in my hand.

To possess; to own:

I have both a house and land.

To Cause to:

Have her take away cups and saucers.

To be obliged:

Man has to earn his bread.To obtain, to receive, to take, and to get:

Please, have a seat.

To show by action:


34/62

Have the guts to fight and win.

Experience:

She has a toothache.

To engage in, to carry on, and to perform:

Have a talk with her.

To allow, to permit:

He wont have any noise while he is studying.

To maintain, to assert:

You will have it so.

To keep, to retain:

I have all instructions in mind.

To know, to understand:


35/62

She has French.

To hold in the mind:

I have an idea.

To be in a certain relation to:

He has three sisters.

To hold an advantage over:

You have me there.

To outwit or to cheat:

He had their jest and they had his estate.

Become the father or mother of:

Mr. Smith, you have a son.

Have is used with past participles to express

l d i h i h f


36/62

completed action that is the perfect tense:

They have come.

Examples: (Affirmative Sentences)

I havemany good books.

We havefourteen acres of land.

You havetwo cows.

You havea lot of money in a bank.

He hasa car.

She hasbeautiful hair.

It hasfour wheels.

They havemany cattle.

My brotherhaspoultry in the village.


37/62

Our farm hasmango trees.

Your motherhasmany ornaments.

His uncle hasa grocery shop.

Her sisterhasa pretty doll.

It hasmany branches.

Their children havemotorbikes.

Harry hasa good dog.

The earth has only one satellite, the moon.

The Alps haveMont Blanc the only highest

peak.

The earth hasan atmosphere.

Elephants havetrunks.

A horse haslong slender legs.


38/62

Monkeys havetails.

Man hasthirty two teeth in all.

Birds havetwo legs and two wings.

A peacockhascrest on its head.

A bat hasteeth.

A rainbow hasseven colors.

A weekhasseven days.

Fish havefins.

A spiderhaseight legs.

Most insects havesix legs.

Ihave

poor eyesight. Lions and tigers havesharp claws.

Rose plant hasthorns.


39/62

Parrot hasa hooked red beak.

Bullocks havehorns.

Airhasa weight.

Reptiles haveshort legs.

Grass hasblades.

Men havemoustache and beard.

Trees haveroots.

We havefive sensory organs.

A cobra hastwo fangs.

A scorpion hasa sting.

A lionhas

a mane.


40/62

A fox hasa bushy tail.

They havea son and two daughters.

A coin hastwo sides.

A rabbit hastwo long ears.

A polar bearhasfur on its body.

You havea large collection of old coins.

She hasfair complexion.

Riches havewings.

A camel hasa hump.

Examples: (Negative Sentences)


41/62

I do not haveany idea.

We do not haveany property.

You do not haveany sense.

He does not haveany stamina.

She does not havea brother.

It does not haveany smell.

They do not havewealth.

Snakes do not havelegs.

Waterdoes not havetaste and color.

He does not haveany clothes to wear.

They do not haveany food to eat.

You do not haveany work to do.

We do not havewater to drink.


42/62

The moon does not haveany atmosphere.

They do not havechildren of their own.

I do not haveany change.

Man does not havea tail as monkey.

A peahen does not haveplumage.

He does not haveany friend.

We do not havepet animal.

She does not haveany jewellery.

My motherdoes not havemuch education.

The woman does not havenecklace with a

diamond pendant.

The villages do not havetall buildings as cities.

Cities do not havemeadows.


43/62

Planets do not havelight of their own.

Women do not havemoustache and beard.

I do not havea motorbike.

She does not haveany teeth left.

I do not haveany business with you.

It does not haveany fragrance.

They do not haveany education.

She does not haveany son.

The boy does not haveparents.

You do not haveany choice.

I do not haveany option.

He does not haveany source of income.

You do not havea horse.


44/62

He does not havea lorry.

She does not havebeauty.

Your gait does not haveany grace.

She does not havevoice for singing.

You do not haveany intelligence.

My friend does not haveany shelter.

You do not haveany skill.

She does not havetact.

We do not havehome library.

Our doctordoes not haveany attendant.

He does not haveeither gold or silver.

We do not havea pet dog.


45/62


Present Perfect


46/62

Tense

The Present Perfect Tense is used

To express an action that has just finished; as,

I have solved the problem (just now).

To express some past action that continues up

to the present moment;

He has lived in London five years. (It implies

that the speaker is still living in London.)

To express a work which was completed long

ago, but which still exists;

The English have founded great empire in the

east.


47/62

In summing up the work of authors living or

recently dead;

Wordsworth has written many poems.

For a future perfect when such words as when,before, as soon as, often, till are used before it;

I will attend to this business as soon as I havefinished my letter.

In referring to what has frequently happened in

the past ;

Poor men have often risen to high positions by

hard work.

Note: - The Present Perfect Tense cannot be

used with an adverb that expresses past time or

definite point of past time.

E.g.

I h i l d ( I


48/62

I have written a letter yesterday. (say I wrote a

letter yesterday.)

The Present Perfect Tense is formed as given

below:

Examples:

I have finishedmy home work.

We have boughta new television set.

You have broken the window pane.

He has eatenbread and butter.

She has paidthe grocery bill.

Rule: - subject + have / has + past

participle of root verb

It has hurtme.

Th h t ddi i it ti


49/62

They have sentme a wedding invitation.

Peterhas requiredmy handset.

Merry has cookedfood.

The boys have won the match.

The postman has deliveredthe letter.

The doctorhas examinedthe patient.

The teacherhas taughtthis chapter.

I have receivedyour money order.

The election campaign hasalready begun.

The bankhas stoppedpayment of his cheque.

He has startedthe business with comparatively

small capital.


50/62


Present


51/62

Continuous Tense

Rule 1: The Present Continuous Tense is used

to express an action going on at the time ofspeaking;

E.g.

The boys are playing cricket.

The girls are singing.

Rule: - subject + am / is / are + root


52/62

Examples:

I am readinga newspaper.

We are watchinga television program.

You are doingyour lessons.

He is eatinga cake.

She is washingher hands with clean water.

It is rainingheavily.

They are waitingfor a bus.

Tom is goingto his office.

Motheris callingher daughter.

j

verb + ing

She is withdrawingmoney from her savings

bank account.


53/62

An Old man is coughing.

Sparrows are chirping.

Grandma is tellingus an interesting story.

Motheris cookingfood.

Rule 2 :- If a root verb ends in e then e is leftout before adding ing to such a root verb. (that

is make-making)

Some verbs are exceptions to this rule; as,

dye=dyeing; eye=eyeing.

Examples:

I am makingpaper boat.

We are solvingmathematical problems.

You are ridinga motorbike.

He is bathing


54/62

He is bathing.

She is preparingfor the examination.

It is breathing.

They are savingmoney for the rainy days.

An old man is smokinga cigarette.

The doctoris examiningthe patients.

They are torturingthe helpless.

You are troublingus.

Tom is teasingMary.

They are comingby bus.

You are takinga lot of time to finish the work.

She is givingme a birthday present.

They are livingin New York.

The child is hiding behind the tree


55/62

The child is hidingbehind the tree.

The sun is risingin the east.

He is abusingeveryone.

Rule 3:- If a root verb ends in a single

consonant preceded by a single vowel, then the

last letter is doubled before ing added to such a

verb; as, swim-swimming.

Examples:

I am cuttingmy nails with a nail cutter.

You are battingvery well.

We are swimmingin the well.

He is runningvery fast.

She is clapping.

This train is stopping at all stations.


56/62

This train is stoppingat all stations.

The batsman is hittingthe ball to the rope and

the over rope.

She is shuttingdown the system.

It isperfectlyfittingmy head.

The traveleris sittingunder the banyan tree.

Wateris drippingfrom wet clothes.

Men are sippingtea at a stall.

Servants are puttingthings in order.

The child is dippingits hands into water.

The salesman isgift wrapping.

Rule 4 :- If a root verb ends in y or w and it

is preceded by a single vowel, then y or w is

not doubled while ing is applied to such verbs;


57/62

not doubled while ing is applied to such verbs;

as,

draw=drawing; play=playing.

Examples:

I am withdrawingmoney from my savings bank

account.

We are playingOne Day Match.

You are borrowingmoney from the moneylender.

He is payingtelephone bill at the post office.

She is drawingbeautiful pictures.

The riveris flowing.

The strong wind is blowing.

The nuisance is growingday by day.

The servant is throwingrubbish into the dustbin.


58/62

g

The farmeris sowingseeds in the field.

The child is buyingice-cream at the stall.

Motheris sewinga blouse.

A rat is gnawinghole through the wall.

Her face is glowingwith excitement and an

eager look.

Smoke from the factory is pollutingthe air.

We are aimingat a 20% increase in profits.

He is planningto leave money in the bank for a

long time.

I am thinkingof going on holiday next month.


59/62


Present Perfect


60/62

Continuous Tense

The Present Perfect Continuous Tense shows

that the action begun in the past is continuingup to the present time;

E.g.

It has been raining since midnight.

I have been reading since seven oclock.

You have been helping me for five years.

We have been talking for three hours.

Rule: - subject + have / has + been +


61/62

Examples:

He has been livingin U.S since 1980.

She has been teachingEnglish for ten years.

It has been cryingfor two hours.

They have been workingtogether since 1991.

Tom has been playingcricket for two hours.

Boys have been makingnoise since the teacher

left.

The mechanic has been overhaulingthe car for

two days.

root verb + ing

The tailorhas been sewingclothes for thirty


62/62

years.

The doctorhas been operatingthe patient for two

hours.

Our dog has been barkingsince midnight.

I have been lookingforward to your letter since

Monday.

The passengers have been waitingfor the train

for an hour.

Oraciones en Presente (to Be, To Have,To Do Etc)

Documents

Transcript of Oraciones en Presente (to Be, To Have,To Do Etc)