Operation of a 1 MWth Chemical Looping Pilot Plant with Natural … · 2017-07-13 · Chemical...
Transcript of Operation of a 1 MWth Chemical Looping Pilot Plant with Natural … · 2017-07-13 · Chemical...
Energy Systems and Technology Prof. Dr.-Ing. B. Epple
Otto-Berndt-Straße 2 64287 Darmstadt / Germany Phone: +49 6151 16 23002 www.est.tu-darmstadt.de
Operation of a 1 MWth Chemical Looping Pilot Plant with Natural Gas
P. Ohlemüller, M. Reitz, J. Ströhle, B. Epple 9th Trondheim Conference on CO2 Capture, Transport and Storage Trondheim, Norway 12-14 June 2017
Energy Systems and Technology Prof. Dr.-Ing. B. Epple
13.06.2017 | TCCS-9 | Jochen Ströhle | Operation of a 1 MWth Chemical Looping Pilot Plant with Natural Gas 1
Chemical Looping Combustion (CLC)
Advantages: No contact of fuel and air (inherent capture no energy penalty) Low cost
Challenges: Low reactivity of methane
Air
Fuel
MexOy-1
MexOy
CO2 to compression N2
Air Reactor Fuel Reactor
Steam / Recycled CO2 (optional)
Highly reactive oxygen carrier (cost!) High inventory in fuel reactor High solids circulation
Energy Systems and Technology Prof. Dr.-Ing. B. Epple
13.06.2017 | TCCS-9 | Jochen Ströhle | Operation of a 1 MWth Chemical Looping Pilot Plant with Natural Gas 2
Motivation
Previous work:
CLC of gaseous fuels tested up to 150 kWth fuel power
Oxygen carrier produced in laboratory
This study:
Oxygen carrier produced in semi-industrial scale (by Eurosupport)
First CLC of gaseous fuel in 1 MWth scale
Source: Eurosupport
Energy Systems and Technology Prof. Dr.-Ing. B. Epple
13.06.2017 | TCCS-9 | Jochen Ströhle | Operation of a 1 MWth Chemical Looping Pilot Plant with Natural Gas 3
CLC Pilot Plants (Gaseous Fuels)
IFP/Total 10 kWth
Chalmers 10 kWth
TU Wien 120 kWth
SINTEF 150 kWth
TU Darmstadt 1 MWth
fuel
reac
tor
airr
eact
or
inte
rnal
loop
seal
uppe
r loo
p se
al
lower loop sealsteam
steam
steamfuelprim.
air
sec.air
air reactoroff gas fuel reactor
off gas
Air
reac
tor
Fuel
reac
tor
L-va
lve
Energy Systems and Technology Prof. Dr.-Ing. B. Epple
13.06.2017 | TCCS-9 | Jochen Ströhle | Operation of a 1 MWth Chemical Looping Pilot Plant with Natural Gas 4
1 MWth Reactors
Air Reactor Fuel Reactor Inner diameter 0.6 m 0.4 m Outer diameter 1.3 m 1.0 m Height 8.66 m 11.35 m
Fuel
Rea
ctor
Air
Rea
ctor
Fuel Reactor
Air Reactor
Energy Systems and Technology Prof. Dr.-Ing. B. Epple
13.06.2017 | TCCS-9 | Jochen Ströhle | Operation of a 1 MWth Chemical Looping Pilot Plant with Natural Gas 5
Experimental Setup
Fuel: previously coal now natural gas
Energy Systems and Technology Prof. Dr.-Ing. B. Epple
13.06.2017 | TCCS-9 | Jochen Ströhle | Operation of a 1 MWth Chemical Looping Pilot Plant with Natural Gas 6
Evaluation Parameters
Standard parameters:
Problems:
Composition of natural gas
Flue gas recirculation (CO2, CH4, O2)
New parameters defined for 1 MWth tests
𝑋𝐶𝐶4 = 1 −(�̇�𝐶𝐶4)𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑟𝑓𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 𝑓𝑒𝑒𝑟𝑓𝑒𝑟
(�̇�𝐶𝐶4)𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑟𝑓𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 Methane conversion
CO2 yield 𝑌𝐶𝐶2 =𝐶𝐶2 𝑖𝑛 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑟𝑓𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 𝑓𝑒𝑒𝑟𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑇𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑓 𝐶 𝑟𝑟 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑟𝑓𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟
Component Mol.-%
CH4 92.62 C2H6 4.77 C3H8 0.36 CO2 1.42 N2/others 0.83
Energy Systems and Technology Prof. Dr.-Ing. B. Epple
13.06.2017 | TCCS-9 | Jochen Ströhle | Operation of a 1 MWth Chemical Looping Pilot Plant with Natural Gas 7
Evaluation Parameters
𝑋𝐹𝐹 = 1 −𝐶𝑒𝑂𝑂𝑓𝑛 𝑑𝑓𝑑𝑟𝑛𝑑, 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑟𝑓𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 𝑓𝑒𝑒𝑟𝑓𝑒𝑟𝐶𝑒𝑂𝑂𝑓𝑛 𝑑𝑓𝑑𝑟𝑛𝑑, 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑟𝑓𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑑
FR gas conversion
Global air/fuel ratio λ =(�̇�𝐶2)𝑟𝑎𝑟 𝑟𝑓𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓−(�̇�𝐶2)𝑟𝑎𝑟 𝑟𝑓𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 𝑟𝑟𝑐𝑐𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑟𝑐
(�̇�𝐶2)𝑐𝑟𝑟𝑓𝑟𝑟𝑓 𝑔𝑟𝑒 𝑓𝑓𝑐𝑟𝑐𝑓
𝑋𝐹𝐹 = 1 −𝑑𝑟𝑓𝑟𝑟 𝑓𝑓𝑟𝑓𝑒 (2 · 𝐶𝐶4 + 0.5 · 𝐶𝐶 + 0.5 · 𝐶2 − 𝐶2)𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑟𝑓𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 𝑓𝑒𝑒𝑟𝑓𝑒𝑟
𝑑𝑟𝑓𝑟𝑟 𝑓𝑓𝑟𝑓𝑒 (2 · 𝐶𝐶4 + 3.5 · 𝐶2𝐶6 + 5 · 𝐶3𝐶8 − 𝐶2)𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑟𝑓𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
OC circulation 𝐶𝐶𝑟𝑎𝑟𝑟 =𝐶𝑒𝑂𝑂𝑓𝑛 𝑑𝑓𝑑𝑟𝑛𝑑 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑟𝑓𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟(𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑑 − 𝑓𝑒𝑒𝑟𝑓𝑒𝑟)
∆ 𝑑𝑟𝑒𝑒/𝑟𝑒𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑜𝑓𝑑 𝑑𝑟𝑒𝑒
Energy Systems and Technology Prof. Dr.-Ing. B. Epple
13.06.2017 | TCCS-9 | Jochen Ströhle | Operation of a 1 MWth Chemical Looping Pilot Plant with Natural Gas 8
Oxygen Carrier
Campaign Material Total duration CLC operation (h) (h)
C1 C28* / C28RW 128 60 C2 C28 / C28RW / ilmenite 152 20
C28 1600 kg C28-RW 600 kg
*CaMn0.775Mg0.1Ti0.125O3-δ (spray-dried by Eurosupport)
Energy Systems and Technology Prof. Dr.-Ing. B. Epple
13.06.2017 | TCCS-9 | Jochen Ströhle | Operation of a 1 MWth Chemical Looping Pilot Plant with Natural Gas 9
Results of Campaign C1
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 500
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
time [h]
Lam
bda
[-], X
FR [-
], P
ower
[MW
]
LambdaFuel conversionPower
„Autothermal operation“ 6 h „reference point“ (steady-state)
Energy Systems and Technology Prof. Dr.-Ing. B. Epple
13.06.2017 | TCCS-9 | Jochen Ströhle | Operation of a 1 MWth Chemical Looping Pilot Plant with Natural Gas 10
C1 – Comparison with Vienna plant
Lower FR inventory in 1 MWth plant Good accordance with trend
70
80
90
100
1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2
met
hane
con
vers
ion,
CO
2 yi
eld
[%]
lambda [-]
XCH4YCO2XCH4YCO2
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 100 200 300
met
hane
con
vers
ion,
CO
2 yi
eld
[%]
specific FR inventory [kg/MW]
XCH4YCO2XCH4YCO2
1 MWth
1 MWth
120 kWth
120 kWth
Source: TU Wien Source: TU Wien
Energy Systems and Technology Prof. Dr.-Ing. B. Epple
13.06.2017 | TCCS-9 | Jochen Ströhle | Operation of a 1 MWth Chemical Looping Pilot Plant with Natural Gas 11
C1 – Post Oxidation Channel
O2 injection
H2O injection
Fuel Reactor HeatExchanger
Length of POC: 2.4 m Gas velocity: 22 m/s
Residence time: 0.1 s
Parameter Unit FR cyclone Downstr. POC CH4 Vol.-% (dry) 6.64 0.06 CO Vol.-% (dry) 0.37 0.66 O2 Vol.-% (dry) 0.00 1.23 Temperature °C 849 986
CH4 conv.: 99 %
Energy Systems and Technology Prof. Dr.-Ing. B. Epple
13.06.2017 | TCCS-9 | Jochen Ströhle | Operation of a 1 MWth Chemical Looping Pilot Plant with Natural Gas 12
High elutration due to low sepration efficiency of FR cyclone
Real particle loss dependent on cut-off diameter
Sieving of filter material
C1 – Particle Loss
Sorbent life time: ~500 h
Losses (wt.-%/h)
Entrained < 63 µm < 40 µm
Filter FR 0.20 0.10 Filter AR 0.18 0.09 Total 0.75 – 0.9 0.38 0.19
fresh
Filter FR
Filter AR
Energy Systems and Technology Prof. Dr.-Ing. B. Epple
13.06.2017 | TCCS-9 | Jochen Ströhle | Operation of a 1 MWth Chemical Looping Pilot Plant with Natural Gas 13
Results of Campaign C2
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 160
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
time [h]
Lam
bda
[-], X
FR [-
], P
ower
[MW
]
LambdaFuel conversionPower
Start of ilmenite feed
Significantly lower performance after start of ilmenite feed
Energy Systems and Technology Prof. Dr.-Ing. B. Epple
13.06.2017 | TCCS-9 | Jochen Ströhle | Operation of a 1 MWth Chemical Looping Pilot Plant with Natural Gas 14
Conclusions
First CLC operation with natural gas in 1 MWth scale
Sussessful operation with semi-industrially produced OC „C28“
(higher reactivity than ilmenite)
Post oxidation and flue gas recirculation successful
Gas conversion of ~80 % comparable to other CLC units
(limited by low FR inventory and low OC/fuel ratio)
improvement possible
OC life time of ~500 h (losses <40 µm)
improvement possible
Energy Systems and Technology Prof. Dr.-Ing. B. Epple
13.06.2017 | TCCS-9 | Jochen Ströhle | Operation of a 1 MWth Chemical Looping Pilot Plant with Natural Gas 15
Acknowledgement
SUCCESS (Scale‐Up of oxygen Carrier production and fluidized bed system for Chemical‐looping combustion using Environmentally SuStainable materials)
Energy Systems and Technology Prof. Dr.-Ing. B. Epple
13.06.2017 | TCCS-9 | Jochen Ströhle | Operation of a 1 MWth Chemical Looping Pilot Plant with Natural Gas 16
Thank you for your attention!