Operating System Basics Chapter 1 Release 16/07/20 09 powered by dj.

Operating System Basics

Chapter 1

Release 16/07/2009powered by dj

Chapter Objectives

Explain concept of Operating system

MS – DOS version and features

Configure DOS

Navigate DOS

Use DOS File Management

Use FORMAT command


Operating System

All Computers need basic software or platform called Operating system to function.

It is a interface between users, application programs, hardware and system peripherals.


Two Types of O.S.

Network O.S. It can acts as a

server E.g.

Windows Server 2003

Unix Linux Netware

Client / Desktop O.S. It can acts as a client E.g.

MS – DOS Windows 95/98 Windows 2000

Professional Windows XP

Professional


Group Activity: Ask the students to standup and sit down.


DOS Version

Version and Release Date

Features

MS-DOS 1.0 (Aug '81) Distributed on one floppy; required 8 KB of RAM

MS-DOS 1.1 (May '82) Supported 106 KB single-sided and 320 KB double sided disks

MS-DOS 2.0 (Mar ' 83) Supported hard disks, directories, background printing and additional device drivers

MS-DOS 3.0 (Aug '84) Supported hard disks greater than 10 MB and 1.2 MB floppies

MS-DOS 3.1 (Mar '85) Supported networks and file sharing

MS-DOS 3.2 (Jan '86) Supported 3.5" floppy disks drives

MS-DOS 3.3 (Apr '87) Provided new commands and international support

MS-DOS 4.0 (Feb '88) Supported hard disk partitions greater than 32MB; provided the MEM command and DOS shell

MS-DOS 5.0 (May '91) Provided extra memory management tools, Help, Undelete, Unformat, added task swapping to DOS Shell

MS-DOS 6.0 (Mar '93) MemMaker, multiple boot configurations, Windows utilities: Unformat, Undelete, Virus protection and Backup

MS-DOS 6.2 (Oct '93) Provided Scandisk Release 16/07/2009powered by dj

Features of DOS

Command Prompt Interface Text-based interface

Used for file and disk management and program execution

Utility Program Performs file and system management tasks with

help of utilities such as FORMAT, EDIT, MSD and SCANDISK


Features of DOS

DOS Editor

A text editor application used to perform operation such as Edit that allows to create, edit, save and print text file

Syntax

Edit[[drive][path]filename][switches]


Configuring DOS

CONFIG.SYS BUFFERS COUNTRY DEVICE DEVICEHIGH DOS FCBS FILES LASTDRIVE SETVER SHELL STACKS SWITCHES

AUTOEXEC.BAT DOSKEY ECHO KEYB MOUSE MSCDEX PATH PAUSE PROMPT SET SHARE SMARTDRV


Question for group discussion – What does COUNTRY parameter indicate? (2 min)

Question for group discussion – What does KEYB parameter imply? (2 min)

Question for group discussion – What does MSCDEX parameter indicate? (2 min)


Navigating DOS

Directory structure C: Root Directory Windows

Subdirectory DOS Files

Root Directory normally contains following files

MSDOS.SYS IO.SYS COMMAND.COM AUTOEXEC.BAT CONFIG.SYSRelease

16/07/2009powered by dj

C:\

DOS WINDOWS TEMP

DESKTOPSYSTEM

VMM32


DOS Commands

CD – helps in changing the directory

DIR – Provides the information about files and subdirectories available in directory

TREE – Examines the file structure

Command Action

C:\>CD DOS Sets current directory to DOS; the prompt changes to C:\DOS\>

C:\DOS\>CD.. Sets the current directory to one level above

C:\DOS\>CD\ Changes the current directory to the root

Command Action

C:\>DIR List out all the files and sub-directories in the current directory

C:\>DIR/ p Lists out files and sub-directories in page-by-page format

C:\>DIR a:\ Lists out files and sub-directories in A:

C:\>DIR a*.* Lists out files and subdirectories whose names begin with ‘a’

Command Action

TREE Shows the directory structure from the current directory and below

TREE |MORE Shows the directory structure one page at a time

TREE/F | MORE

Shows the position of files stored within the directory structure

Practical Activity: Ask students to perform the DOS command of changing the directory. (5 min)

Practical Activity: Ask students to practice all the options of CD command. (12 min)

Practical Activity: Ask students to perform the DOS command of DIR and TREE. (10 min)


DOS File Management

COPY – duplicates the files from one directory to another.

e.g. C:\>copy tr3.doc C:\trial\tr3.doc

C:\copy tr3.doc C:\trial\tr2.txt

MOVE – copies a file from one location to another and delete the same from earlier location

e.g. C:\move tr3.doc C:\trial


Practical Activity: Ask students to perform the DOS command of COPY and MOVE. (5 min)


DOS File Management

XCOPY – copies the content of more than one directory at a time.

e.g. C:\>xcopy c:\trial c:/r

Parameters Application

/A Copies only those files with archive file attribute

/M Same as /A but turns off archive attribute after copying

/D:DATE Copies files modified on or after the specified date

/P Prompts for confirmation before every destination file is created

/S Copies contents of subdirectories unless they are empty

/E Copies contents of subdirectories even if they are empty

/V Verifies each file as it is written to the destination

/W Prompts for continuation before copying filesRelease


Practical Activity: Ask students to demonstrate XCOPY command. (4 min)


DOS File Management

REN – renames a filee.g. C:\>ren *.doc *.txt

C:\>ren tr3.doc tr2.doc

DEL – deletes a filee.g. C:\>del *.txt

MD – creates directory under a root or subdirectory

e.g. C:\>md trial

RD – removes a subdirectory (empty directory)

e.g. C:\>rd trialRelease


Practical Activity: Ask students to perform the DOS command of REN, DEL, MD and RD. (10 min)


DOS File Management

ATTRIB – specifies the attribute of file

e.g. To view Attributes C:\>ATTRIB <filename>

To set Attributes C:\ATTRIB +r trial.doc

Attribute Action

Read only (R)

File can be accessed by any program but it cannot be modified or deleted

Archive (A)

The file has changed since it was last archived using the BACKUP or XCOPY utilities

Hidden (H)

The file is hidden and can not be seen when a normal directory listing is done using DIR

System (S)

The file is used by DOS and should not be edited or deleted by users.Release


DOS File Management

FORMAT – formats a disk

e.g. C:\>FORMAT driveletter :/switches

Switch Description

/s Transfer the system files and make it bootable

/q Quick format that saves time by skipping the surface scan procedure for error checking

/u An unconditional format that reformats a disk and does not save the information required for it to be unformatted later


Practical Activity: Ask students to perform the DOS command of ATTRIB and FORMAT. (10 min)


Summary - I

All computers need basic software known as an Operating System (OS) to function. The OS acts as an interface between the user, application programs, hardware, and system peripherals

Operating systems can be of two types: Network operating systems (NOS) and simple stand alone desktop O.S. i.e. Client O.S.

DOS provides a text-based interface called the command prompt that can be issued to perform file and disk management, and execute programs.


Summary - II

DOS provides a number of utility programs (files with .EXE and .COM extensions in the C:\DOS\ directory) to achieve various file and system management tasks.

There are two configuration files in DOS: CONFIG.SYS AUTOEXEC.BAT

CONFIG.SYS file has commands and instructions used for loading device drivers and memory managers, and also or configuring system settings.


Summary - III

AUTOEXEC.SYS file contains a list of DOS commands that must be executed immediately after boot-up.

The top most level of every disk or drive is called a Root directory. It can contain files and sub-directories under it and further sub-directories contain files and sub-directories.

The DOS commands like COPY, MOVE, XCOPY, REN, DEL, MD, RD etc. are used for file management.


Operating System Basics Chapter 1 Release 16/07/20 09 powered by dj.

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