On Thi Tot Nghiep KTQT
-
Upload
ntliem1011 -
Category
Documents
-
view
223 -
download
0
Transcript of On Thi Tot Nghiep KTQT
-
8/6/2019 On Thi Tot Nghiep KTQT
1/27
1
n thi tt nghip
K. 12 XNK
KINH T QUC T
PHN 1
CC L THUYTTHNG MI
QUC T
Cc l thuyt thng mi quc t
Thuyt trng thng
Thuyt li th tuyt i
Thuyt li th so snh (Ricardo) Thuyt chi ph c hi (Haberler)
Thuyt ngun lc vn c ( H- O) Thuyt H-O-S
-
8/6/2019 On Thi Tot Nghiep KTQT
2/27
2
LI TH SO SNH
Thuyt li th so snh (Ricardo) Thuyt chi ph c hi (Haberler)
(Thuyt LTSS c in)
Thuyt ngun lc vn c ( H- O)
(Thuyt LTSS hin i)
Bn cht ca Li th so snh Li th so snh mt sn phm l kh nng
cnh tranh ca mt quc gia trn th gii
Li th so snh th hin t l chi phsn xut (chi ph tng i) cc ncvi nhau.
LTSS l s tng quan v chi ph snxut gia cc mt hng ca quc giatrong s so snh tng ng vi quc giakhc.
Sn xut vi chi ph r hn th LTSS caohn.
L thuyt quan trng nht?
Thuyt LTSS quan trng nht v n chorng mi quc gia, d l nh v yunht cng s c nhng LTSS ring sovi cc quc gia khc
LTSS n t nhng c th ca cc qucgia v ti nguyn, th nhng, nhn lc,cht lng ngun nhn lc, kh hu, v tra l, kh nng cng ngh, so vi qucgia khc.
-
8/6/2019 On Thi Tot Nghiep KTQT
3/27
3
V sao c s chuyn mn ha vphn cng lao ng quc t ?
Cc l thuyt TMQT t c in n hin iu chng minh rng cc quc gia, d lnh v yu nht, nu xc nh cLTSS ca mnh ri chuyn mn ho sn
xut mt hng mnh c li th ri xutkhu th quc gia c th khai thchiu qu hn ngun lc ca mnh, tngkh nng tiu dng v qua c qucgia ln th gii u c li hn
Vy gc nhn cacc thuyt LTSS cin v hin i khcnhau th no?
Thuyt LTSS c in (Ricardo)
LTSS l s tng quan v nngsut lao ng trong sn xut gia 2mt hng ca quc gia ny trong
s so snh tng ng vi quc giakhc;
Quc gia no c nng sut tng itrong vic SX mt mt hng no cao hn th c LTSS hn.
-
8/6/2019 On Thi Tot Nghiep KTQT
4/27
4
LTSS theo thuyt chi ph c hi
LTSS l s so snh tng igia chi ph c hi trong vic hisinh 1 n v mt hng ny sn xut 1 n v mt hngkhc gia 2 quc gia,
CPCH cng thp th cang c li th
LTSS theo thuyt ngun lc vn c(H-O)
LTSS l s di do tng i haykhan him tng i cc ngunlc K (t bn, vn) v L (lao ng)ca mt quc gia dn n qucgia c LTSS v cc sn phmthm dng yu t K hay L
Mc di do ca mt yu t sn xut camt quc gia c o khng ph i bng slng tuyt i m bng tng quan gia slng yu t v i cc yu t sn xut khcca quc gia.
Nc A c coi l di do tng i v lnglao ng so vi nc B nu :
B
B
A
A
K
L
K
L
-
8/6/2019 On Thi Tot Nghiep KTQT
5/27
-
8/6/2019 On Thi Tot Nghiep KTQT
6/27
6
L thuyt H-O-S gii thch v saokhi giao thng vi cc nc
pht trin, li th v gi nhncng r ca VN s dn b mti; ti sao mu dch quc t lixa b i s cch bit v gi ccc yu t sn xut gia ccquc gia, lm thu hp khongcch giu ngho.
PHN 2
CHNH SCHTHNG MI
QUC T
Chnh sch thng mi t do:
Nh nc khng can thip trctip vo hot ng ngoi thng;m ca th trng ni a hngho, dch v, vn, sc lao ngc t do lu thng gia trongv ngoi nc trn c s quy lutt do cnh tranh
-
8/6/2019 On Thi Tot Nghiep KTQT
7/27
7
L l ca chnh sch thngmi t do l da vo li th so
snh ca mnh, cc ncchuyn mn ho sn xut ritrao ith s s dng hiuqu nht cc ngun lc ca thgii;
u im ca TMTD:* Sn lng chung ca th gii tmc ti a;* H thng gi c t c tnhtrng ti u trong sn xut;* Cc ngun lc (ti sn v cc yut sn xut) c s dng ti u;* Tiu dng vt qu kh nng snxut.
Nhc im ca TMTD:
D ri vo tnh trng mt
n nh, khng hong khi cbin ng trn th gii
-
8/6/2019 On Thi Tot Nghiep KTQT
8/27
-
8/6/2019 On Thi Tot Nghiep KTQT
9/27
9
Nhc im ca CS BHTM :
Kinh t chm pht trin, cc DN c
bo h nn khng nng ng sngto, khng c nng lc cnh tranh;
Khi p dng thu quan hay hn ngchth quc gia u chu tn tht do chiph bo h (tn tht do thu), nu boh trn lan th chi ph bo h s vtqu sc chu ng ca nn kinh t
Hai xu hng TDTM vBHTM tri ngc nhaunhng ko mu thun vinhau.
Cc quc gia u cng p dngng thi c hai xu hng, tuynhin hng TDTM vn c u
tin hn
S GING NHAU GIA THU QUAN V HN NGCH
u lm gim lng nhp khu
u gy tn tht cho nn kinh t do thithi ca ngi tiu dng ln hn li ch
ca Chinh ph v ngi sn xut trongnc c c (tn tht do thu, chi phbo h, khong mt trng ca nn kinh t)(Quc gia s dng ngun lc km hiu qu hn dophi chuyn sang sn xut ngnh khng c li thso snh).
-
8/6/2019 On Thi Tot Nghiep KTQT
10/27
10
S KHC NHAU GIA THUQUAN V HN NGCH
Thu quan lm ga c tng dn n lng nhpkhu gim. Vi hn ngch, do lng nhp khugim nn cung thiu ht dn n gi tng
Vi thu quan, khi cu tng th lng nhpkhu s tng p ng, do gi c trongnc khng tng. Vi hn ngch, khi cu tngcng khng th p ng do hg ha tr nnkhan him v gi c tng.
PX
QX
DX SX
P3
P1PW T do TM
Q1 Q4Q2 Q3
P2A B C
H G F E D
PQuotaNK
-
8/6/2019 On Thi Tot Nghiep KTQT
11/27
11
S KHC NHAU GIA THUQUAN V HN NGCH
Thu quan khng lm tng sn xuttrong nc v khi cu tng th lngnhp khu s tng p ng.
Hn ngch lm tng sn xut trongnc v khi cu tng cng khng thnhp khu p ng lng hg hathiu ht
E
A C B
G
J H
Sx
Dx
X
Y
3
2,5
2
1
0 10 20 25 30 40 50 55 70
G J H
Dx
M NM N
5.1 Tc ng cc b ca hn ngch nhpkhu
2 4
G J HI
1 3
-
8/6/2019 On Thi Tot Nghiep KTQT
12/27
12
S KHC NHAU GIA THUQUAN V HN NGCH
Tn tht do hn ngch ln hntn tht do thu quan v chnh phkhng thu c thu. Hn na, hnngch lm gi tng cao hn nnthit hi v thng d tiu dng lnhn thu quan
Hn ngch bo h chc chn,cng rn hn thu quan
Ngi tiu dng thch chnh phs dng cng c thu quan hn vthu quan khng lm tng gi hngho, nu nhu cu tng s c hngnhp khu p ng;
Ngi sn xut li thch Chnh phs dng hn ngch hn v khi nhucu trong nc tng th sn xut sphi tng ln p ng h c li
hn.
Di gc nn kinh t toncu th hn ngch gy tn thtcho th gii nhiu hn thu
quan do khng khai thc c tia ngun lc th gii nn chngta nn hn ch hoc xo b hnngch trc.
-
8/6/2019 On Thi Tot Nghiep KTQT
13/27
13
PHN 3
u t
Khi nim
u t l vic s dng mt lng ti snnht nh nh vn, cng ngh, t aivo mt hot ng kinh t c th nhmto ra mt hoc nhiu sn phm cho xhi thu li.
Ngi b ti sn ra u t c gi l
nh u t hoc ch u t. Ch u tc th l cc t chc, c nhn (u t tnhn) hay nh nc (u t Chnh ph).
Nhng c trng c bn
u t l hot ng mang mc chsinh li
Quyt nh u t l quyt nh tichnh
Hot ng u t l hot ng c tnhcht lu di Hot ng u t l s nh i li ch
trc mt cho li ch trong tng lai u t l hot ng mang nng tnh ri
ro
-
8/6/2019 On Thi Tot Nghiep KTQT
14/27
14
Khi nim u t quc t
u t quc t l s di chuyn
ti sn nh vn, cng ngh, knng qun l t nc nysang nc khc kinh doanhnhm mc ch thu li nhuncao trn phm vi ton cu
T bn c di chuyn gi l vnu t quc t. Vn u t quc tc th l tin, cc ti sn hu hnh vti sn v hnh nh my mc thit b,cng ngh, k nng qun l
Nc tip nhn u t c gi l nc chnh (host country).
Nc mang vn i u t c gi l ncu t hay nc xut x (home country).
c im ca u t quc t
u t quc t c hai c imquan trng khc phn bit n viu t ni a. l:
C s tham gia ca ch thnc ngoi.
C s di chuyn vn u t quabin gii.
-
8/6/2019 On Thi Tot Nghiep KTQT
15/27
15
II. Cc hnh thc u t quc tC hai loi hnh u t nc ngoi:
1. u t gin tip (PFI Portfolio ForeignInvestment)L hnh thc u t m ngi b vn vngi s dng vn khng phi l mt.
V d: ch u t mua c phiu, tri phiu cho ngi khc s dng vn ca mnh. Hnhthc u t ny khng dn n vic thnh lpphp nhn ring . Ch u t y c th lc nhn, doanh nghip hay cc t chc, cquan nh nc.
Hnh thc PFI mang tnhu c nn c th thu li rtln thng qua s bin nggi chng khon nhngcng chnh v th m c thphi chu nhng ri ro kh
lng trc.
i vi nc nhn u t, PFI gpphn gii quyt s khan him vn,nhng khi cc nh u t ng lot
rt i (bng cch bn li chngkhon) s d dn n nhng binng trn th trng tin t, nhhng ti nn kinh t.
-
8/6/2019 On Thi Tot Nghiep KTQT
16/27
16
2. u t trc tip(FDI Foreign Direct Investment)
u t trc tip nc ngoi l loi hnhdi chuyn vn quc t nhm mc chthu li nhun trong tng lai, trong ngi b vn v ngi s dng vn lmt.
V d: ch u t nc ngoi b vn thnh lp v trctip iu hnh 1 cng ty ti VN. Hnh thc u t nythng dn n s thnh lp mt php nhn ringnh cng ty lin doanh, cng ty 100% vn ncngoi, chi nhnh cng ty nc ngoi.
2.2 c dim ca hnh thc u t trc tip
Ch u t thng l cc doanh nghip snxut hng ha v dch v.
Mc tiu ca ch u t l mc tiu di hn. Nh u t nc ngoi tham gia trc tip vo
vic qun l, iu hnh cc hot ng s dngvn vi mc tham gia t l vi mc gpvn.
Li nhun ca ch u t ph thuc vo ktqu ca hot ng b vn u t. Li v lc chia cho cc ch u t theo t l gp
vn sau khi np thu li tc cho nc chnh.
IV. Vai tr ca u t quc t
u t ng vai tr v cngquan trng i vi s phttrin kinh t ton cu cng
nh ca cc quc gia: tc pht trin kinh t caolun song hnh vi t lu t cao.
-
8/6/2019 On Thi Tot Nghiep KTQT
17/27
17
i vi cc nn kinh t ng ca,u t ch c th thc hin t
ngun tit kim trong nc. i vi cc nn kinh t m, c th
s dng ngun tin tit kim tnc ngoi b sung cho ngunvn u t pht trin. u t chophp mt quc gia c th thchin mc u t ni a cao hntng tit kim trong nc.
Tuy nhin, khi dng u t ncngoi vo mt quc gia quln, nht l khi chy vo didng u t gin tip quc thoc cc khon n vay ncngoic th gy nn bt n nhti chnh v kinh t v m hoc tonn nhng khon n ln i vi
nc tip nhn vn.
1. Tc ng i vi nc ch nh 1.1 Tc ng tch cc
Tc ng chuyn giao ngun lc: vn(trc tip v gin tip), cng ngh v knng qun l.
Tc ng v vic lm: trc tip v gin
tip. Tc ng tch cc ln cn cn thanh
ton: khi nh u t nc ngoi chuynvn vo, khi FDI to ra sn phm thay thhng nhp khu hay sn xut hng xutkhu.
-
8/6/2019 On Thi Tot Nghiep KTQT
18/27
-
8/6/2019 On Thi Tot Nghiep KTQT
19/27
19
2. Tc ng i vi nc u t
* Tc ng tch cc
Ci thin cn cn thanh ton:khi ch u t chuyn li nhunhoc c tc v nc
FDI to ra nhu cu tng vic lm p ng nhu cu xut khu.
2. Tc ng i vi nc u t
*Tc ng tiu cc
Tc ng tiu cc ln cn cn thanhton: khi vn u t b chuyn ra ncngoi lm thiu ht ngun vn trong nc
Tc ng tiu cc ln vic lm: trongtrng hp u t ra nc ngoi l nhmthay th cho sn xut trong nc, lm snxut trong nc st gim v tht nghip
gia tng.
Cc gii php thu ht v sdng FDI hiu qu(8 nhm gii php)
1. Nhm gii php v lutphp, chnh sch;
2. Nhm gii php v quyhoch;
-
8/6/2019 On Thi Tot Nghiep KTQT
20/27
-
8/6/2019 On Thi Tot Nghiep KTQT
21/27
21
Gii php thu ht v nng caohiu qu s dng ODA
Mt l, hon thin cng tc k hochho v xc nh th t u tin phnb ngun vn ODA.
Hai l, chun b vn i ng cho ccchng trnh, d n ODA.
Ba l, cc d n phi tp trung phthuy ngun lc hin c ca aphng.
Gii php thu ht v nng caohiu qu s dng ODA
Bn l, Xy dng h thng theo di vnh gi d n mt cch hiu qu.
Nm l, pht huy ti a nng lc ca ccnh ti tr; cn kin tr v kin quyt loib cc rng buc chnh tr ra khi quan hca h tr pht trin chnh thc. Cng cnquan tm n nhng li ch ca cc nh
ti tr khi h m rng quan h h trcng nh u t, thng mi vi nc ta.
Gii php thu ht v nng caohiu qu s dng ODA
Su l, hi ho th tc gia cc nh titr.
By l, cn m rng thm i tng ca
ngun vn ODA. Trong thi gian ti cnch hn ti i tng DNTN v h sdng vn c hiu qu cao hn
Cui cng l, o to, bi dng nngcao trnh ca cn b trong khun khcc chng trnh, d n ODA
-
8/6/2019 On Thi Tot Nghiep KTQT
22/27
22
BIN PHPTHC Y XUT KHU
Di gc xut nhp khu hng ha cho thy c rtnhiu yu t tc ng n cn cn thng mi caVit Nam, t cc yu t ni ti nh mt cn i giaxut khu v nhp khu n tc ng ca cc yu tv m nh t gi hi oi, tng trng kinh t, lmpht,
Trong nhiu yu t k trn, nguyn nhn chnh gynn tnh trng thm ht thng mi ko di l do mtcn i gia xut khu v nhp khu. Kh nng snxut hng ha thay th hng nhp khu m ch yu lcc nguyn nhin vt liu phc v sn xut hng xutkhu gn nh khng p ng c nhu cu thtrng.
Xut khu ph thuc qu nhiu vo nhp khu lmhn ch nhiu gii php thc y xut khu, nhchnh sch t i chnh sch t do thn m i
Pht trin xut khu
Pht trin xut khu l conng Vit Nam thmnhp su hn vo chui gitr ton cu, hi nhp suhn vo nn kinh t th gii
-
8/6/2019 On Thi Tot Nghiep KTQT
23/27
23
CC GII PHPTHC YXUT KHU
Xy dng mt c cu kinh ttheo m hnh hng v xutkhu (khai thc LTSS, tngcng kh nng cnh tranh caDN v QG)
Hon thin cng tc qun l caNN i vi hot ng XK
To iu kin cho cc DN bnhng trong tip cn cc ngunvn
Lp qu h tr xut khu; Ngnhng XNK cung cp tn dng
xut khu y nhanh qu trnh m phn
FTA v EU, TPP(Hip nh Thng mi XuynThi Bnh Dng) tn dng c hi nhpkhu cng ngh ngun t cc nc.
-
8/6/2019 On Thi Tot Nghiep KTQT
24/27
24
Chnh sch tin t phi linh hothp l n nh kinh t, chng
lm pht, tng sc cnh tranh chohng ha; Chnh sch t gi phihp l, n nh v c tnh h trcho XK
hn ch nhp khu hng tiu dngv hng xa x.
C chnh sch ng n v thu,v bo h thc y pht trinngnh cng nghp h tr (Xem xtli chnh sch bo h vi cc ngnh t, ng n, xi mng, thp, choph hp vi sc chu ng ca nnkinh t)
Thu ht TNN (FDI) c nh hng,u tin cc d n v SX vt t, tliu SX hoc cc d n SX hng
ha XK
Chuyn i c cu hng ha xut nhpkhu l ht sc quan trng, vic chuyn icn thc hin theo hng gia tng kh nngsn xut nguyn nhin vt liu phc v chosn xut hng xut khu:
(cn tp trung u t cho cc ngnh xut khuch lc vi cc d n i mi cng ngh, nngcao cp ch bin hng tinh ch, to ngunnguyn ph liu cho cc mt hng xut khuch lc, t nng cao nng lc v hiu quhot ng cnh tranh.
-
8/6/2019 On Thi Tot Nghiep KTQT
25/27
25
quy hoch, pht trin cc cm, khu cng nghipph tr bn cnh cc khu cng nghip chuynngnh chuyn sn xut nguyn ph liu, vt t
sn xut cung ng cho cc doanh nghiphot ng xut khu;
Chuyn hng sn xut v hnh thnh vngnguyn liu cho cc ngnh ang c th mnhnh dt may, xut khu g,)
Nng cao tnh cnh tranh cahng ha VNqua ch ngnghin cu thi trng, mu m,gi XK, hm lng GTGT cahng ha
V c cu th trng: duy tr thtrng ln nh M, EU, Nht bn
v tng cng XK sang cc thtrng mi chu
Tng cht lng xut khunh th no?
Pht trin ngnh cng nghip ph tr: gimnhp t liu sn xut
Nng cao gi tr hng ha xut khu: nngcao gi tr gia tng ca hng ha xut khu qua
pht trin cng ngh ch bin hn ch xutkhu sn phm th
Hin i ha c cu hng ha xut khu
C cu th trng hng v chu nhiuhn
-
8/6/2019 On Thi Tot Nghiep KTQT
26/27
26
mt s nh hng c th pht trin xut khutrong giai on 2011 2020.
Ngun: B Cng thng
Giai on 2011- 2015, Vit Namtp trung pht trin xut khunhng mt hng c li th v iukin t nhin v lao ng r nhthy sn, nng sn, dt may, int, cc sn phm ch tc cngngh trung bnh... Tuy nhin cnchun b iu kin gia tng ttrng xut khu hng ch bin.
Giai on 2016-2020, Vit Nam tp trungpht trin cc mt hng cng nghip mic gi tr gia tng cao, hm lng cngngh v cht xm cao, trn c s thu htmnh u t trong nc v nc ngoivo cc ngnh sn xut nh hng xutkhu, nhng ngnh ch to cng nghtrung bnh v cng ngh cao.
Tp trung pht trin th trng cho ccsn phm c sc cnh tranh ln, c gi trgia tng cao hoc cc nhm sn phm ct trng kim ngch ln. Trc ht l khai
thc c hi m ca th trng t cc camkt hi nhp kinh t quc t y mnhxut khu v cc th trng ln nh HoaK, EU, Nht Bn, Trung Quc, HnQuc, ASEAN... Khai thc cc th trngtim nng nh Nga, ng u, chu Phi vchu M La tinh.
-
8/6/2019 On Thi Tot Nghiep KTQT
27/27
CC WEBSITE THAM KHO
http://cafef.vn/20110615122015446CA33/nhap-sieu-tang-chong-mat.chn
http://www.tinmoi.vn/Nhap-sieu-Viet-Nam-dang-tang-chong-mat-06538281.html
http://nld.com.vn/20110608113332409p0c1002/phanh-nhap-sieu.htm