ON THE IMPORTANCE OF COOLING - · PDF fileON THE IMPORTANCE OF COOLING: ... Hungary 11 2,16 1...

Launch EventBrussels, 19 June 2017

ON THE IMPORTANCE OF COOLING:

The ‘Sleeping Giant’ Awakens!

Kostadin Fikiin (Technical University of Sofia, Bulgaria)

TU SOFIA



Role of Heat and Cold in Human History

• Heat and cold are of the same

physical nature but played different

roles in the human civilisation.

• Prometheus - glorified in immortal

works of art.

• Pioneers of artificial cold - never

praised in a piece of art as a token

of gratitude.

• In the industrial era - cooling and refrigeration - a powerful

instrument for improving the quality of life (often underestimated).


Artificial Cold in the Global Economy

Domestic refrigerators and freezers worldwide > 1.5 billion

Retail refrigeration systems (condensing units, stand-alone

equipment and centralised systems) > 90 million

1927 Today


Refrigerated transport:

Over 4 million vehicles (vans, trucks, semi-trailers or trailers)

More than 1.2 million containers



Air-conditioning systems of different types and capacities:

over 600 million + 700 million mobile units

Residential, commercial and industrial heat pumps

(including reversible air conditioners) > 160 million

Medical applications: > 25 000 MRI scanners




Over 110 LNG receiving terminals, 92 liquefaction trains,

along with a LNG tanker fleet of 421 vessels.


Leisure and sports: over 13 500 ice rinks worldwide; bobsleigh, luge, and skeleton tracks.

Cryogenic technologies in powerful particle accelerators, thermonuclear reactors, etc.


Continuous and Ubiquitous Cold Chain for

Perishable Foods and Pharmaceuticals


Refrigerated Food Processing and Preservation

Paramount post-harvest and post-mortem technique to keep

the nutritional resources with no reasonable alternative.

All other treatments - as supplements, never as substitutes.


Worldwide food output: 6.3 billion tonnes per year (in the 2010s)

Products that need refrigerated processing: 2 billion tonnes

Effectively refrigerated: 400 million tonnes only

Some 552 million m3 of refrigerated food storage warehouses are available over the world

Annual global production of various frozen foods: 50 million tonnes (in the beginning of 2010s),

plus 20 million tonnes of ice creams and 30 million tonnes of fish, with a remarkable growth of 10 % every year

The cost of all refrigerated foodstuffs around the world exceeds 3.5 times the USA military budget.

FAO estimates that food production should increase globally

by 70% to feed an additional 2.3 billion people by 2050.

Food Refrigeration Statistics

Map of Large Refrigerated Warehouses (over 500 kW) across EU 28

Refrigerated food facilities across EU

Country

Nu

mb

er o

f al

l fa

cilit

ies

exp

lore

d

Ind

icat

ive

po

we

r co

nsu

me

d b

y al

l fa

cilit

ies

(MW

)

Act

ual

po

we

r

con

sum

ed

by

all

faci

litie

s (M

W)

Nu

mb

er o

f la

rge

fa

cilit

ies*

(M

W)

Ind

icat

ive

po

we

r

con

sum

ed

by

larg

e f

acili

tie

s*

(MW

)

Act

ual

po

wer

co

nsu

me

d b

y

larg

e f

acili

tie

s*

(MW

)

Austria 20 13,78 10 10,43Belgium 22 17,91 0,49 14 15,72Bulgaria 14 6,47 4 4,70Cyprus 5 1,19 0 0,00Czech Republic 8 2,45 2 1,32Denmark 28 17,34 12 12,84Estonia 4 4,32 2 3,84Finland 12 6,98 3 4,96France 146 14,94 214,03 146 6,66 214,03Germany 142 75,01 44 53,76Greece 11 2,62 1 0,53Hungary 11 2,16 1 0,59Ireland 27 12,24 11 8,32Italy 16 29,60 12 28,64Latvia 6 3,83 2 2,91Lithuania 7 5,41 3 4,55the Netherlands 143 90,39 45 70,54Poland 9 4,71 5 3,63Portugal 19 10,43 7 7,06Romania 11 10,31 6 8,81Slovakia 5 6,28 1 5,08Slovenia 5 1,02 0 0,00Spain 31 59,05 24 56,33Sweden 20 13,35 6 10,03United Kingdom 327 292,97 13,66 142 232,03 12,53Grand Total 1049 704,76 228,18 503 553,27 226,56

* with a power consumption over 0.5 MW


Current Challenges for Europe

• Useful innovations remain

unimplemented in the common

industrial practice.

• Insufficient attractiveness for

high-skilled experts and young

specialists as compared with

the hi-tech branches.

• New EU member states and

accession countries need

more refrigeration capacities

and inexpensive equipment to

make their economies more

competitive.

• The EU is still behind

the USA as regards the

consumption of frozen

foods per inhabitant.

Annual per capita consumption of frozen foods

(in the 2010s)


The refrigeration sector (including air conditioning) accounts

for about 17% of the worldwide electricity consumption.

The global annual sales of refrigeration, air-conditioning

and heat-pump equipment – approx. 280 billion EUR.

The sector creates jobs for almost 12 million employees

around the world.

A 70% increase in the cooling needs of the European

building sector is expected by 2030.

Refrigeration and heat pump systems are easily prone

to integrating Renewable Energy Sources (RES).

Cooling and refrigeration must form part of all

sustainability-enhancing programmes!

Cold Economy: Facts and Figures


The 9 MW solar array on the rooftop of a refrigerated warehouse

at the Gloucester Marine Terminal in New Jersey

RES-Powered Refrigeration


RES in Refrigerated Warehousing

Solar park at the U.S. Foods’ facility in La Mirada, California


Further Key Applications

Process cooling

Chemical and metallurgical industries

Power engineering

Brewery (40% power usage for refrigeration)

huge consumption of energy and water, not always well estimated

Energy ConversionInnovation

Sustainable cooling and refrigeration

Smart Grids

Low-carbon Economy

Renewable Energy Sources

Energy Storage

Energy Efficiency


European Commission:

European Energy Union framework strategy (launched

in 2015)

Dedicated energy strategy for the Heating and Cooling

sectors (initiated in February 2016)

Energy Policy Strategies


Founders and Supporters

Observers

Co

mm

un

icat

ion

P

ape

r

Ro

un

d t

able

on

co

olin

g re

po

rt


Cooling and refrigeration must always be

on the top of the EU’s energy agenda!

Cool it Fast and Keep it Cool!


Welcome to CoolingEUand Good Luck!

Contact:

[email protected]

ON THE IMPORTANCE OF COOLING - · PDF fileON THE IMPORTANCE OF COOLING: ... Hungary 11 2,16 1...

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