DISTRICT COOLING & DESALINATION USING HEATPUMPS & M.E.D.

David Pearson Director of Innovation

Star Refrigeration

Imtiaz Khan Regional Manager, Energy

(Power, Oil & Gas) Alfa Laval Middle East Ltd

History & Experience Why bother?

60% of GCC electricity is for cooling

= 82GW * 0.6 = 49.2GW

@ COP = 3.0 = 200GW of waste heat

= 1,752,000GWh

1,000 Million Barrels of crude oil EVERY YEAR!!! thrown away

More than output of some GCC countries!

Desalination systems are established technology

How district cooling can be joined with desalination?

The equipment used for the cooling

The value of this solution

The secondary benefits

Desalination delivering 40% savings in water cost

History & Experience Agenda:

•  1954 Pioneer with first Desalination unit onboard a ship – shell & tube design

•  1967 Design with Titanium plates as evaporator heat transfer surface

Today •  Supplied more than 30,000 units

of the plate desalination concept •  More than 850,000 m3/d in accumulated

capacity •  Average 1000 units per year is delivered •  Market share leader with 70 % market share

achieved and sustained for marine and offshore

History & Experience Marine Applications Desalination Milestones

•  Building on a Proven Foundation

•  1988 Decision to Develop a plate desalination concept for large scale capacities

•  1992 Commercial introduction of the Titanium plate desalination concept

•  Received orders for more than 200 new plate type desalination units.

•  More than 100,000 m3/d capacity installed

•  With successful implementation of the concept, significant number of references has been achieved in all parts of the World

History & Experience Land Applications Desalination Milestones

Example of desalination installation

References Round the Globe World wide Alfa Laval Experience

2 x MEP-7-6840 & 1 x 60% Dump Condenser Module

Karachi – Pakistan Sea Water Distillation. Karachi – Pakistan

2 x MEP-7-6840 & 1 x 60% Dump Condenser Module

“Iskenderun Bay” Turkey 3 x TVC-4-1750

Kaltim - Indonesia 2xTVC-3-1680 (2 x 1,680 m3/day)

Kansai Electric (KEPCO), Nuclear Power Plant, Takahama, Japan; 2x TVC-4-1000; 2x 1,000 m3/day, 2002

High quality water for Prawn production

National Prawn, Saudi Arabia MED-5-425 - 475 m3/day 2002

Binzagr CO-RO produce soft drinks and beverages using freshwater distillated from underground water, which has a higher salinity chemical complexity than the Red Sea

Binzagr CoRo, Jeddah, VVC-350 & VVC-125: 475 m3/day

Plate type Tubular

Performance %

1 2

125

100

75

Time

Performance through time Alfa Laval Plate type evaporators can be cleaned 100% Tubular evaporators gradually decrease performance because of “irreversible” scaling/fouling

CIP cleaning can remove alkaline soft scaling, and hard scaling can also be removed 100% in a PHE type desalination unit.

Why use Plate MED?

Stephen Appleton, Director Ramboll 2010

Energy Security

Climate Change

Water supply

"The three issues which will have the greatest impact on humanity over the next century are

The future!!!!!.

Think Differently-District Cooling and Desalination

• A solution to this would be through the use of ammonia refrigeration heat pumps serving district cooling networks, with waste heat being

utilised for desalination purposes.“

Stephen Appleton, Director Ramboll 2010

90˚C Ammonia Heatpump

The World’s Largest 90C Natural Heatpump?

District Cooling and Desalination Solution?

Use waste heat from the cooling plant. Example District Cooling

COPc = 5.0

10MW Cooling

2MW Power

12MW Waste Heat

Combined DC and Desalination

COPc = 2.6

10MW Cooling

3.85MW Power (extra 1.85MW)

13.85MW Waste Heat

COPhi = 13.85/1.85 =7.48

87% of energy is waste heat

60% of GCC electricity is for cooling = 82GW * 0.6 = 49.2GW

@ COP = 3.0 = 200GW of waste heat = 1,752,000GWh

1,000 Million Barrels of crude oil EVERY YEAR!!! thrown away

More than output of some GCC countries!

District Cooling and Desalination

District Cooling and Desalination Solution?

Use waste heat from the cooling plant. Large District Cooling

350MW Cooling

700,000 litres/hr water USE

Combined DC and Desalination

350MW Cooling

3,181,000 litres/hr of purified water PRODUCTION

OR

4.54 x self consumption

Delivering over 40% savings in water cost

District Cooling and Desalination

NeatDesal

Proven

Turning waste heat from cooling into water.

Think Differently-District Cooling and Desalination

Demystifying!!.HFCs are not GOOD!

Although, replacing ozone depleting substances with HFCs helps to protect the ozone layer, the increasing use of high-GWP HFCs is likely to undermine the very significant

climate benefits achieved by the Ozone Depleting Substance phase-out to date.

HFCs: A Critical Link in Protecting Climate and the Ozone Layer

Published by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), November 2011 ISBN: 978-92-807-3228-3

Demystifying!!.HFCs are not GOOD!

Although, replacing ozone depleting substances with HFCs helps to protect the ozone layer, the increasing use of high-GWP HFCs is likely to undermine the very significant

climate benefits achieved by the Ozone Depleting Substance phase-out to date.

HFCs: A Critical Link in Protecting Climate and the Ozone Layer

Published by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), November 2011 ISBN: 978-92-807-3228-3

Don’t forget Refrigerant Global Warming Potentials

Leakage!!!.

R134a is odourless and WILL leak undetected.

If we assume 1% per year!!..

A 350MW system will have approx 150,000Kg R134a

So leakage will be 1500Kgs per year.

This costs!!!.$60,000 per year in 2011....or more

Doubling every 2-3 years so by 2030 maybe $1.8M

And @ 1300 GWP = 1,850,000 kgs of Carbon Dioxide

=6.96 million miles in a VW Golf

28 x times around the World!

Refrigerant Global Warming Potentials

GWP

R22 R134a R407C R410A

2000

0

1500

1000

500

R717

Beware of the Refrigerant Timeline

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 2000 1995

Aware ozone depletion CFC phase-out

Montreal protocol CFC ban

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 2000 1995

Refrigerant Timeline

Aware ozone depletion

Montreal protocol CFC ban

2005 2010 2020 2015

Refrigerant Timeline

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2020 2015

Aware ozone depletion

Montreal protocol CFC ban

HCFCs

HCFC ban

Virgin HCFC ban

£

Refrigerant Timeline

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2020 2015

Aware ozone depletion

Montreal protocol CFC ban

HCFCs HFCs

Leakage

HCFC ban

R717 EU F-Gas

regs

£

HFC emissions may also be substantial when compared to future levels of CO2 emissions.(28-45%)-UNEP

District Cooling and Desalination

NeatDesal

Proven parts

Turning waste heat from cooling into water.

AND SAVING OPEX AND EMISSIONS

Steam or hot water SG

MEP Process

Corrugated plate design promotes High turbulence with

•  Efficient heat transfer •  3-5 times higher in liquid/liquid applications •  2-3 times higher in 2-phase applications

•  Minimised fouling •  5-10 times higher wall shear stress

Hot Medium

Cold Medium

Plate heat Exchanger (PHE) Channel design

Multiple Effect Process

Vessel Internal: - Pressure Plate - Plate Pack - Sea Water distribution

Multiple Effect Process

How do we “Raise“ heat from 2C to 90C?

Interstage @ 58C

HOR = 14.05MW

R eff = 9.61MW

COPh = 3.16

Technical paper