On-line Turbidity MeasurementStatistical Analysis

ME 430 Senior Lab Team, Spring 2006Instructor: Dan Cordon

Team Members: Andrew Vogt, Brad Watson, Cristy Izatt, and Charlie Mencke

Overview

• Project Objective

• Project Background/Motivation

• Mechanical Components – Design– Analysis Theory

• Experimentation

• Conclusions

• Recommendations

Project Objective

• Understand basic system behavior• Calibrate optical components using

regression analysis– Determine Relationship between Voltage &

Turbidity

Project Background/Motivation

Desired Blue water Filtration System

FeCl3Precipitating Component

Influent Water BluePROTM Filter

Effluent Water

ImprovedTurbidityMeasurement

ImprovedTurbidityMeasurement

On-Line Control System

Current Blue Water Filtration System

TurbidityMeasurement

TurbidityMeasurement

Mechanical Component DesignFlow Design

Desired Outcomes: • Easy installation and removal• Aid in accurate optic operation

Easy installation and removalAid in accurate optic operation

Influent

Effluent

Quick adaptation to

influent/effluent lines

Simple pipe/hose connections

Valve (not shown) for calibration, maintenance, and Flow Chamber mount

Low maintenance and predictable flow

Mechanical Component DesignOptical Design

Manufacture & install parts for statistical analysis

Optical Analysis TheoryImportant Concepts:• Optical Theory• Statistical Analysis

Linear Position

Angular Position

Mechanical Component AnalysisOptical Analysis Theory

Optical Theory

Experimental Diagram

Fluid Sample

Turbidity Measurement

Silicon- PhotodiodeLight Receiver

Multimeter Voltage Measurement

+

Turbidity Control

Independent

X

Dependent

Y

Regression

0 20 40 600.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

Turbidity(NTU)

Vol

ts

Turbidity(Diluted) versus Volts

-20 0 20 40 600.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

Turbidity(NTU)V

olts

Turbidity(Diluted) versus Volts

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5-20

0

20

40

60

Volts

Tur

bidi

ty

Volts v Turbidity(Diluted)

0 20 40 600

20

40

60

80

100

Turbidity (NTU)

Con

trib

utio

n (%

)

Vmeter

Bias

Sensitivity

0 20 40 600.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

Turbidity(NTU)

Vol

ts

Turbidity(Diluted) versus Volts

-20 0 20 40 600.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

Turbidity(NTU)

Vol

ts

Turbidity(Diluted) versus Volts

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5-20

0

20

40

60

Volts

Tur

bidi

ty

Volts v Turbidity(Diluted)

0 20 40 600

20

40

60

80

100

Turbidity (NTU)

Con

trib

utio

n (%

)

Vmeter

Bias

Sensitivity

ny

y

y

y...2

1

nx

x

x

X...

1

...

1

1

2

1

Root Sum Square

1

0

y

X

εy=Error in Multimeter

-20 0 20 40 600.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

Turbidity(NTU)

Volts

Turbidity(Diluted) versus Volts

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

VoltsT

urb

idity

Volts v Turbidity(Diluted)

0 10 20 30 40 500

20

40

60

80

100

Turbidity (NTU)

Contr

ibution (

%)

Vmeter

BiasSensitivity

-20 0 20 40 600.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

Turbidity(NTU)

Volts

Turbidity(Diluted) versus Volts

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

Volts

Turb

idity

Volts v Turbidity(Diluted)

0 10 20 30 40 500

20

40

60

80

100

Turbidity (NTU)

Contr

ibution (

%)

Vmeter

BiasSensitivity

Results

Optic Angle = 23°

Height=1in

Optic Angle = 39°

Height=1.25

Optic Angle=39º

Height=1in

-20 0 20 40

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

Turbidity(NTU)V

olts

Turbidity(Diluted) versus Volts

0.7 0.8 0.9 1-20

0

20

40

60

Volts

Turb

idity

Volts v Turbidity(Diluted)

0 10 20 30 400

20

40

60

80

Turbidity (NTU)

Con

tribu

tion

(%)

Contribution v. Turbidity

Vmeter

Bias

Sensitivity

-20 0 20 40 60

0.35

0.4

0.45

0.5

0.55

0.6

0.65

Turbidity(NTU)

Vol

ts

Turbidity(Diluted) versus Volts

0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

Volts

Tur

bidi

ty

Volts v Turbidity(Diluted)

0 10 20 30 40 500

10

20

30

40

50

60

Turbidity (NTU)

Con

trib

utio

n (%

)

Contribution v. Turbidity

Vmeter

Bias

Sensitivity

-20 0 20 40 60

0.35

0.4

0.45

0.5

0.55

0.6

0.65

Turbidity(NTU)

Volts

Turbidity(Diluted) versus Volts

0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

Volts

Turb

idity

Volts v Turbidity(Diluted)

0 10 20 30 40 500

10

20

30

40

50

60

Turbidity (NTU)

Cont

ribut

ion

(%)

Contribution v. Turbidity

Vmeter

Bias

Sensitivity

-20 0 20 40

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

Turbidity(NTU)

Volts

Turbidity(Diluted) versus Volts

0.7 0.8 0.9 1-20

0

20

40

60

Volts

Turb

idity

Volts v Turbidity(Diluted)

0 10 20 30 400

20

40

60

80

Turbidity (NTU)

Cont

ribut

ion

(%)

Contribution v. Turbidity

Vmeter

Bias

Sensitivity

-20 0 20 40 600.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

Turbidity(NTU)

Vol

ts

Turbidity(Diluted) versus Volts

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

Volts

Tur

bidi

ty

Volts v Turbidity(Diluted)

0 10 20 30 40 500

20

40

60

80

100

Turbidity (NTU)

Con

trib

utio

n (%

)

Vmeter

BiasSensitivity

-20 0 20 40 600

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

Turbidity(NTU)

Vol

ts

Turbidity(Diluted) versus Volts

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

Volts

Turb

idity

Volts v Turbidity(Diluted)

0 10 20 30 40 500

20

40

60

80

100

Turbidity (NTU)

Con

tribu

tion

(%)

Contribution(%) Vs. Turbidity

Vmeter

Bias

Sensitivity

23°; 1inch 39°; 1inch 39°; 1.25 inch

Conclusion• Linear relationship between turbidity and voltage • Re-calibration is necessary for change in position

and flow rate • Use of calibration equipment is critical for precision• Maximum Error in Turbidity at 39°; 1 inch is +/-1.83

NTU

Recommendations• Use of photo-diode with larger voltage output

• More accurate multimeter and handheld turbidimeter

Questions?