Olivia Presentation FINAL

AIA/ACSA 2015Intersections Between the Academy and Practice

Wednesday, May 13 2015

Preventing Malaria through Housing Design

in Urban AfricaOlivia Johns-Yost & Peter Williams

ARCHIVE Global

INTRODUCTION TO ARCHIVE

THE URBAN HEALTH CHALLENGE

HOUSING DESIGN & MALARIA

EVIDENCE FROM THE FIELD

BUILDING MALARIA PREVENTION IN CAMEROON

INTRODUCTION TO ARCHIVE

ARCHIVE’S MISSION

Operating in the spaces of development, health, and architecture, we prioritize housing design as a key strategy in combating disease around the world.

ARCHIVE’S MISSION

Operating in the spaces of development, health, and architecture, we prioritize housing design as a key strategy in combating disease around the world.

Source: UN Dept. of Economic and Social Afrairs, Population Division, 2009

Comparison of Average Urban Population Growth in More Developed vs. Less Developed

(UN, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. 2009)

Need 4,000 affordable housing units every hour (UN-HABITAT: 2007)

Urban Population Growth:

URBAN HEALTH CHALLENGE

Outdoor Air

Indoor Air

Water

Sanitation

Waste Mgmt

Floodplains

Industrial Activity

Green Space

Shared Streets

Access to Food

Air

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Rodent-borneInfections

Mosquito-borne DiseaseDiarrheaRespiratory

InfectionsCardiovascular

ConditionsDiabetesAsthma,COPD

Intestinal Worms Cancers

infectious diseAses cHronic diseAses


Disease and the urban environmentSource: ARCHIVE 2015


Source: ARCHIVE 2013

Disease and the home environment

Source: WHO 2014

MALARIA & HOUSING DESIGN

population at risk of malaria

198 million infections 600,000 deaths in 2013

44% of global malaria deaths are in Africa

of these are among children under 5

90%

83%

The socio-economic burden of malaria is felt at all levels

of society: from the family,

to the local business, to the national economy


78% of countries where malaria is a problem have reportedresistance to commonly used insecticides

Source: WHO 2014

no intervention conventional approach

ARCHIVE’s approach



Source: Kirby 2008

Malaria housing:rural Italy, 1900


open eaves

unscreened windows & doors

mud walls orthatched roofs


standing water


76-82%reduction in mosquito entry when ceilings were installed

the odds of malaria infection for children living with mud roofsvs. iron roofs 2X

Sources: Atieli 2009 ; Ye 2006


94%of trial participants chose

to keep their screens because they:

· improved privacy

· beautified their home

· prevented nuisance mosquito bites

Source: Kirby 2009


BLDG MALARIA PREVENTION

Sources: WHO 2010, ARCHIVE 2013

CAMEROON 14% of children sleep under nets every night

TOP 3causes of sickness & death

malaria ranks as one of the prevalence of poor housing



30%residents infected with malaria:

60% of residents did not sleep under a net the previous night

HALFwere children under 10

Yaoundé, Cameroon



76% had standing water around the perimeter

Yaoundé, Cameroon

63% of houses had unscreened windows

65% had openings around the roof

A baseline survey of the housing stock in July 2013 found:

Impactand

Opportunities

thank you.

Olivia Presentation FINAL

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