Oliver: Introducing RDA

Introducing RDA

January 29th, 2014

Chris OliverMcGill [email protected]

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Plannot a training session

aim: understand some of the key differences between RDA and AACR2 --- to make training sessions easier

1. transition to RDA2. key concepts and their visible impact on RDA

a) theoretical frameworkb) objectives and principlesc) focus on the userd) content standarde) bibliographic information as data

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1. Transition to RDA

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AACR2 successful standard adopted by many countries in use for many years

butproblems with AACR2

for example:• written for card catalogues• inadequate rules to describe new types of resources• inconsistencies• library specific

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RDA new metadata standard that replaces AACR2 set of practical instructions

objectives: • address problems and limitations in AACR2• record better metadata to support better resource

discovery• record data for the web and linked data environment• record data that allows us to connect beyond the library

community

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Timeline

1997 problems identified:International Conference on the Principles & Future Development of AACR, Toronto, Ontario

1998-2004 revisions to AACR2

2004 AACR3

2005 new standard: Resource Description and Access

2009 RDA text completed

2010 RDA text + software – standard is a web tool

2010-2013 laying the groundwork for implementation

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March 31st, 2013

official start of implementation

Library of CongressLC’s official implementation date

Program for Cooperative CatalogingDay 1 for the NACO Authority File

... but some libraries had never stopped using RDA after the test period ended December 31, 2010

What happened on March 31, 2013?• all new authority records contributed to LC/NACO authority file

= RDA

• all records coded pcc = all RDA access pointsall records coded pcc whether:

• RDA descriptionor

• AACR2 description

• LC completed training for all its cataloging staff and all LC records are only RDA records

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March 31, 2013 onwards• landscape began changing quickly

• rapid rise in number of RDA bibliographic records

• changes in NACO authority file

implications if use NACO authority records

implications for copy cataloging

• but different institutions will make the transition at different speeds

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Transition in phases

Phase 1: emphasis on continuity● RDA data in MARC 21● RDA and AACR records in one catalogue

● still use bibliographic and authority records

● some new fields● some changed instructions● some new instructions

BUT >>> thinking about bibliographic information differently

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Phase 1 = starting down new track

RDA

• moves us to a new track

• starts us on a promising track for the future use of our metadata

• what we see now is only the beginning

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2. Key concepts in RDA

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AACR2 RDA• continue to record the title

• continue to record the statement of responsibility

• continue to record the date of publication

But …

• new vocabulary

• new way of thinking about how we do these steps

• new underlying framework

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Similar, but ...

AACR21.2B1. Transcribe the edition statement as found on the item. Use abbreviations as instructed in appendix B and numerals as instructed in appendix C.

RDA2.5.1.4. Transcribe an edition statement as it appears on the source of information.

No instruction to abbreviate or to convert to arabic numerals.

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Similar, but ...• serious adherence to the principle of representation

“take what you see”

t.p. data recorded

3rd ed. 3rd ed.

Second edition Second edition

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AACR2

stones

plus

framework

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AACR2 deconstructed

without the framework

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RDA

stones

plus

new framework

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RDA: similarities & differences

AACR2 deconstructed

new concepts and structure

some new instructions

some changed instructions

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Familiarity with key RDA concepts• many of the differences between RDA and AACR2 trace back to

the key concepts in RDA

• useful handholds to grasp RDA

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a) theoretical framework

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RDA’s theoretical framework• aligned with the FRBR and FRAD conceptual models

FRBR Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records1998

FRAD Functional Requirements for Authority Data2009

FRAD is an extension of the FRBR model

• both models developed under the auspices of IFLA• broad base of international consensus and support

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The two models• widely used data modeling technique:

entity relationship model• entities• attributes• relationships

• analyze bibliographic and authority data from the point of view of how that data is used

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FRBR/FRAD and RDA• focus on user and how the data helps a user in the process of

resource discovery

• vocabulary

for example

entities – attributes – relationships

the 11 bibliographic entities

• clear and consistent underlying framework

• reference point for future development

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Bibliographic entitiesworkexpressionmanifestationitem

personfamilycorporate body

conceptobjecteventplace

FRBR Group 1products of intellectual or artistic endeavor

FRBR/FRAD Group 2responsible for group 1 entities

FRBR Group 3 subjects (includes group 1 & 2)

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1 resource – 4 entities

• an item• an exemplar of the Oxford

1998 manifestation• an embodiment of the

original English expression• a realization of the work,

Hamlet

4 aspects of the resource

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Organization and Structure of RDA

RDA table of contents reflects alignment with FRBR

Section 1-4 = Recording attributes

Section 1. Recording attributes of manifestation and item

Section 2. Recording attributes of work and expression

Section 3. Recording attributes of person, family, and corporate body

Section 4. Recording attributes of concept, object, event, and place [placeholder]

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Organization and Structure of RDASections 5-10 = Recording Relationships

Section 5. Recording primary relationships between work, expression, manifestation, and item

Section 6. Recording relationships to persons, families, and corporate bodies associated with a resource

Section 7. Recording subject relationships [placeholder]

Section 8. Recording relationships between works, expressions, manifestations, and items

Section 9. Recording relationships between persons, families, and corporate bodies

Section 10. Recording relationships between concepts, objects, events, and places

[placeholder]

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Attributes• attributes = characteristics of the entity

for example, entity = personattributes we record: name

date of birth

entity = a manifestationattributes we record: title proper

statement of responsibilityedition statementplace of publicationetc.

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Relationships: links between entities

work created by personitem owned by familymanifestation produced by corporate body

work based on workmanifestation electronic reproduction manifestation

person member of familyfamily founded corporate body

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Example of person to resource relationships

resource relationship person_______________________________________________________________________________________

Hamlet author William Shakespeare

How the light gets in author Louise Penny

E. B. White on dogs editor of Martha White compilation

Alice in Wonderland illustrator John Tenniel

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Example of work to work relationships

Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Hamlet.

subjectModern Hamlets & their soliloquies

Critical responses to Hamlet, 1600-1900

imitation (parody of) The Tragicall historie of Shamlet, Prince of Denmark

adaptation (based on) Hamlet : the young reader's Shakespeare : a retelling / by Adam McKeown

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Relationship designators • specify roles (person, family, or corporate body – resource)

for example cartographerperformerbroadcasterformer ownerissuing body

• specify the relationship between resourcesfor example adaptation of

paraphrased aselectronic reproduction of

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Relationships in RDA

examples with MARC 21 coding:

245 10 $a British Atlantic, American frontier : $b spaces of power in early modern British America / $c Stephen J. Hornsby ; with cartography by Michael J. Hermann.

700 1# $a Herman, Michael J., $e cartographer

245 00 $a Alice in Wonderland, or, What's a nice kid like you doing in a place like this? /$c Hanna-Barbera Productions.

700 1# $i Parody of (work) $a Carroll, Lewis, $d 1832-1898. $t Alice's adventures in Wonderland.

authority record500 3# $w r $i Descendant family: $a Adams (Family)

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Theoretical framework• alignment with the FRBR and FRAD conceptual models

• bibliographic and authority data >>> in terms of entities, attributes + relationships

• identify what is important --- how is data used

• systematic and coherent framework >>> conceptual clarity >>> logical consistency >>> reference point for further development

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Why are the models important?broad international support for the explanatory

power of the models

common international language and conceptual understanding of the bibliographic universe

as the foundation for a standard:• easier for others to understand our data• easier to apply in international context• easier for our data to interoperate


b) objectives and principles

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RDA Objectives & Principles• important part of RDA

• shaped many of the instructions that are different from AACR2

• in line with the International Cataloguing Principles (ICP)

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RDA Objectives & Principles

Objectives RDA 0.4.2

• responsiveness to user needs

• cost efficiency• flexibility• continuity

Principles RDA 0.4.3

• differentiation• sufficiency• relationships• representation• accuracy• attribution• common usage or practice• uniformity

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Principle of representation

for example RDA 0.4.3.4principle = representation

The data describing a resource should reflect the resource’s representation of itself.

result = simplify transcription“Take what you see”

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RDA = Take what you see

source = Kemptville, OntarioAACR2 = Kemptville, Ont.RDA = Kemptville, Ontario

264 1 $a Kemptville, Ontario _____________________________________________________

source = Band LXXXVIII (series numbering)AACR2 = Bd. 88RDA = Band LXXXVIII

490 $a ... ; $v Band LXXXVIII

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source = Third revised editionAACR2 = 3rd rev. ed.RDA = Third revised edition_____________________________________________

source = 2nd enlarged ed., revisedAACR2 = 2nd enl. ed., rev.RDA = 2nd enlarged ed., revised

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Different instructions

AACR2 1.0F. Inaccuracies

In an area where transcription from the item is required, transcribe an inaccuracy or a misspelled word as it appears in the item. Follow such an inaccuracy either by [sic] or by i.e. and the correction within square brackets. Supply a missing letter or letters in square brackets.

RDA 1.7.9 Inaccuracies

When instructed to transcribe an element as it appears on the source of information, transcribe an inaccuracy or a misspelled word as it appears on the source, except where instructed otherwise.

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Inaccuracy in RDA • make a note correcting the inaccuracy if considered important

for identification or access (see 2.20 )• if inaccuracy in the title proper, record a corrected form of the

title as a variant title

Exception for serials or integrating resources: correct obvious typographic errors, and make a note

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http://beta.rdatoolkit.gvpi.net/document.php?id=rdachp2


title page = Melallization of polymers(book)

AACR2 = Melallization [sic] of polymers or Melallization [i.e. Metallization] of polymers

RDA = Melallization of polymers

245 14 $a Melallization of polymers 246 1 $i Corrected title: $a Metallization

of polymers

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c) focus on the user

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RDA Objectives & Principles

Objectives RDA 0.4.2

• responsiveness to user needs

• cost efficiency• flexibility• continuity

Principles RDA 0.4.3

• differentiation• sufficiency• relationships• representation• accuracy• attribution• common usage or practice• uniformity

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Focus on the user

how do I respond to user needs?

record data that is important to the userwhy is it important?

helps the user to findidentifyselectobtain

RDA 0.0 “record data to support resource discovery”

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Resource discovery = user tasks

Bibliographic datafrom FRBR

• find• identify• select• obtain

Why record the data?

Authority datafrom FRAD

• find• identify• clarify• understand

To help user achieve these tasks.

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Basis for cataloger judgment• instructions encourage cataloger judgment

--- based on user tasks

for example, from 3.7 Applied material

Record the applied material used in the resource if it is considered important for identification or selection …

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Easier for user to identify

AACR2Description: [37] p. : col. ill. ;

28 cm.

Description: 86, [21] p. : ill., port. : 24 cm.

• avoid abbreviations• avoid cryptic information

RDADescription: 37 unnumbered

pages : illustrations (color) ; 28 cm

Description: 86 pages, 21 unnumbered pages : illustrations, portrait ; 24 cm

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Easier for user to understand

AACR2

Title: Architecture / by Susan Brown … [et al.].

Published: [S.l. : s.n.], 1852.

RDA

Title: Architecture / by Susan Brown [and four others]

Published: [Place of publication not identified] : [publisher not identified], 1852.

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Easier for user to find, identify

RDA: no more: rule of three

no more … [et al.] in descriptionif statement of responsibility names more than one person >>> record all RDA

2.4.1.5

optional omission: record first named and summarize the omission[and six others]

access points for first named or principal core

or all or cataloger judgment or institutional policy

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Easier for user to find, identify

AACR2

Seeking the sacred / in conversation with Thomas Moore … [et al.].

access point for first

RDA

Seeking the sacred / in conversation with Thomas Moore, Marion Woodman, Roméo D’Allaire, Stephen Lewis, Martin Rutte.

orSeeking the sacred / in

conversation with Thomas Moore [and four others].

access point for first, or all

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Easier for user to find

AACR2 Aesop’s fables. Polyglot.

RDA Aesop’s fables. GreekAesop’s fables. Latin Aesop’s fables. English Aesop’s fables. German

AACR2 Aesop’s fables. English & German

RDA Aesop’s fables. English Aesop’s fables. German

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d) content standard

e) bibliographic information as data

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Poll

Have you heard of:• semantic web• linked data or linked open data• “BIBFRAME” or bibliographic framework initiative?

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d) content standard

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RDA as a content standard

AACR2: MARC encoding + ISBD display

RDA = what data should the cataloger record?

• possible to encode using many encoding systems• can be encoded using MARC• does not have to be encoded using MARC encoding• can be used with web friendly XML based encoding schema,

such MODS• data for the linked open data environment

• possible to encode and display the data in many ways

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RDA= instructions on recording datanot tied to one encoding practice

RDA= record person’s date of birth = 1982

Encode?

$d 1982- MARC 21

<subfield code="d">1982- </subfield> MARCXML

<mods:namePart type="date">1982- </mods:namePart>

<dob>1982</dob>

<xs:element name="rdaDateOfBirth“>1982</xs:element>

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RDA= instructions on recording datanot tied to one display of datafor example, create displays that suit your user group

RDA says: record person’s date of birth = 1982

Display? born 1982

b. 1982

1982-

date of birth: 1982

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Identifying the entity

eithereye-readable data: name

date of birth and deathShields, Carol, 1953-2003

and/or

machine actionable data: identifier0101A6635http://viaf.org/viaf/4944537/#Shields,_Carol

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Visible data• users expect that all metadata is on the web

library data needs to be visible on the web

BUT

• online catalog = closed database• invisible to web search engines “dark data”

• MARC 21 = library specific record format• web cannot access and use MARC data• not used in other cultural heritage communities

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RDA as a content standard• not locked into library encoding practices

• not locked into library display practices

• get out of the library silo

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e) bibliographic information as data

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RDA data = precise + usable data RDA• each element of data is distinct and precisely defined• each element contains only one kind of data• controlled vocabulary in many elements

each element has the potential to be usable:

to indexto searchto build meaningful displays of data

data in any element can be used: by humans by computers

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AACR2for exampleAACR2: information embedded in non-specific places

notes digital file characteristicsphysical description file typeMARC 538 encoding format

516 file size500 resolution300 regional encoding

transmission speed

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RDARDA: precise elements and element sub-types

digital file characteristics RDA 3.19file typeencoding formatfile sizeresolutionregional encoding transmission speed

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347 Digital file characteristics

new MARC field 347subfield codes

$a - File type (R)$b - Encoding format (R)$c - File size (R)$d - Resolution (R)$e - Regional encoding (R)$f - Transmission speed (R)

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AACR2 informationAACR2: assume human will decipher

ok to be ambiguous

AACR2: date of publication, distribution, etc.date of copyrightdate of manufacture

MARC 21: 260 $c260 $g

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RDA data elementsRDA: precise elements – only one kind of data in an element

RDA: 5 different elements: RDA 2.7-2.11date of productiondate of publicationdate of distributiondate of manufacturedate of copyright

MARC 21: 264 $c 5 different indicators

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Controlled vocabulary• controlled vocabulary recommended for many elements

encoding format DAISY, CD audio, MP3, Access, XML, JPEG, TIFF, CAD, PDF, Blu-ray, DVD video, VCD

production method blueline, blueprint, engraving, etching, lithograph, photocopy, photoengraving, woodcut

creator relationship artist, author, cartographer, choreographer, composer,

enactingjurisdiction, interviewee, inventor

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Many new elements

many new elements but do not have to use them all

core elements

• not a level of description

• core elements are a minimum “a floor, not a ceiling”

• must include any additional elements required to differentiate the resource or entity from a similar one

• inclusion of other elements --- cataloger judgment

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Phase 1: RDA using MARCBibliographic description:

• core elements (RDA core, LC-PCC core)• new MARC fields• simplified instructions for transcription• some new instructions when recording data

Authorized access points in bibliographic records:• LC/NACO authority file• some new instructions when identifying persons, families,

corporate bodies, works and expressions

Authority records:• NACO guidelines

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AACR2: simple book (abbreviated)

020 $a 9780230242685 (hardback)100 1 $a Stanfield, J. Ron, $d 1945- 245 10 $a John Kenneth Galbraith / $c by James Ronald Stanfield

and Jacqueline Bloom Stanfield.260 $a New York : $b Palgrave Macmillan, $c c2011.300 $a xi, 251 p. ; $c 23 cm.490 1 $a Great Thinkers in Economics Series700 1 $a Stanfield, Jacqueline Bloom, $d 1947-

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RDA: simple book (abbreviated)

020 $a 9780230242685 (hardback)100 1 $a Stanfield, J. Ron, $d 1945- $e author.245 10 $a John Kenneth Galbraith / $c by James Ronald Stanfield

and Jacqueline Bloom Stanfield.264 1 $a New York : $b Palgrave Macmillan, $c [2011]264 4 $a ©2011300 $a xi, 251 pages ; $c 23 cm.336 $a text $2 rdacontent337 $a unmediated $2 rdamedia338 $a volume $2 rdacarrier490 1 $a Great Thinkers in Economics Series700 1 $a Stanfield, Jacqueline Bloom, $d 1947- $e author.

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AACR2: sound disc (abbreviated)

100 1 $a Dibdin, Michael.245 10 $a End games $h[sound recording] / $c Michael Dibdin.260 $a Oxford, England : $b Isis Publishing Ltd., $c p2008.300 $a 10 sound discs (11 hr., 15 min.) : $b digital ; $c 4 3/4 in.500 $a Read by Michael Tudor Barnes.500 $a Compact discs.700 1 $a Barnes, Michael Tudor.

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RDA: audio disc (abbreviated) 100 1 $a Dibdin, Michael, $e author.240 10 $a End games. $h Spoken word245 10 $a End games / $c Michael Dibdin.264 1 $a Oxford, England : $b Isis Publishing Limited, $c [2008]264 4 $c ℗2008300 $a 10 audio discs (11 hr., 15 min.) : $b CD audio, digital ; $c 4 3/4 in.336 $a spoken word $2 rdacontent337 $a audio $2 rdamedia338 $a audio disc $2 rdacarrier344 $a digital347 $b CD audio700 1 $a Barnes, Michael Tudor, $e narrator.775 08 $i Adaptation of (expression): $a Dibdin, Michael. $t End games. ...

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AACR2: compilation (abbreviated)

100 1 $a Williams, Tennessee.240 10 $a Selections. $f 2009245 10 $a Favorite plays and a short story / $c Tennessee Williams.260 0 $a Boston : $b University Press, $c 2009.300 $a 325 p. : $b ill. ; $c 28 cm505 0 $a The Glass Menagerie -- A Streetcar Named Desire -- Cat

on a Hot Tin Roof -- The Night of the Iguana.

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RDA: compilation (abbreviated)100 1 $a Williams, Tennessee.240 10 $a Works. $k Selections. $f 2009 optional245 10 $a Favorite plays and a short story / $c Tennessee Williams.264 1 $a Boston : $b University Press, $c 2009.300 $a 325 pages : $b illustrations ; $c 28 cm336 $a text $2 rdacontent337 $a unmediated $2 rdamedia338 $a volume $2 rdacarrier700 12 $a Williams, Tennessee. $t Glass menagerie.700 12 $a Williams, Tennessee. $t Streetcar named Desire. optional700 12 $a Williams, Tennessee. $t Cat on a hot tin roof. optional700 12 $a Williams, Tennessee. $t Night of the Iguana. optional

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Key concepts

Key concepts shape RDA:

• theoretical framework

• objectives and principles

• focus on the user

• content standard

• bibliographic information as data

>>> visible impact on RDA and the content of instructions

>>> many changes in RDA trace back to concepts

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Familiarity with key RDA concepts• a useful way to grab hold of RDA

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Flickr credits: creative commons attribution

Cross track – iPhone wall paper by CJ Schmithttp://www.flickr.com/photos/cjschmit/4623783487/

Road-Side History by Owls Flight Photographyhttp://www.flickr.com/photos/kevinhooa/2370449243/

Old stones of Bauda Byzantine ruins by Hovichttp://www.flickr.com/photos/200000/2304353314/

Falling water by spike55151http://www.flickr.com/photos/spike55151/14471574/

Rock climbing is fun by mariachilyhttp://www.flickr.com/photos/mariachily/3382799213/

Oregon silo by TooFarNorthhttp://www.flickr.com/photos/toofarnorth/4597980984/

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http://www.flickr.com/photos/cjschmit/4623783487/

http://www.flickr.com/photos/kevinhooa/2370449243/

http://www.flickr.com/photos/200000/2304353314/

http://www.flickr.com/photos/spike55151/14471574/

http://www.flickr.com/photos/spike55151/14471574/

http://www.flickr.com/photos/mariachily/3382799213/

http://www.flickr.com/photos/toofarnorth/4597980984/

Questions …

?

[email protected]

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Oliver: Introducing RDA

Education

Transcript of Oliver: Introducing RDA