*)Ü nfeu|fxL k'glg{df{0f k|lqmofdf /f}gs kmsf{pFb} 5 x...

*)Ü nfeu|fxL k'glg{df{0f k|lqmofdf / f} gs kmsf{pFb} 5 x] nDa' k'/fgf :s'nsf] gofF :j?k

cfj/0f M @)&@ j}zfv !@ sf] e"sDksf] s]Gb|laGb' uf]/vfsf] af/kfsdf clwsf+z 3/x? k'glg{df{0f eO;s]sf 5g\ . tl:a/ M rGb|z]v/ sfsL{÷Pgcf/P

/ fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/ 0fåf/ f k|sflzt g]kfnL å} dfl;s k|sfzgsf cl3Nnf c+sx? k|fKt ug{ k|flws/ 0fdf ;Dks{ ug{ ;lsG5 .

;dod} sfd ;Sg] l;Ocf] 1jfnLsf] k|lta4tf u'd]sf] klxrfg vf]Hb} af/kfsL ;Dkbf k'glg{df{0fn] ult lnFb}k'glg{df{0fdf :yfgLo txsf] ;+nUgtf ;'? eof] w/ x/ f k'glg{df{0f alnof 3/ agfpFb} dlxnf 8sdL{

1k'glg{df{0f

ck8]6

5'6 tyf k'gM hfFr ;j] {If0fcGtu{t : ynut nut ;ª\sngsf] ;do;Ldf yk ePsf] 5 . ca h] 7 d;fGt;Dd ;j] {If0f ul/ g] 5 . o;cl3 @)&% r} t !% ut] ;j] {If0f ;'? u/ ] / @)&^ j} zfv d;fGt;Dddf ;lsg] cfsng ul/ Psf] lyof] .

/ fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/ 0fsf ;xk|jQmf dgf] x/ l3ld/ ] n] ljz] if sf/ 0fjz ;a} lhNnfdf : ynut nut ;ª\sng sfo{ ;dodf ;'? ug{ g;lsPsfn] Dofb ylkPsf] atfP . pgn] o; cjlwleq cfcfˆgf] If] qdf vl6Psf k|fljlwsx¿dfkm{t\ tf] lsPsf] ;dodf cfcfˆgf] nut ;ª\sng u/ fpg ;a} u'gf;f] stf{nfO{ cfu|x klg u/ ] .

xfn ;a} lhNnfdf ;j] {If0f eO/ x] sf] 5 . / , xfn;Dd s] G›Lo ;"rgf k|0ffnLdf & xhf/ u'gf;f] stf{sf] ljj/ 0f k|fKt ePsf] 5 . k|flws/ 0faf6 : yfgLo txdf vl6PsfdWo] tf] lsPsf sl/ a % ;o %) OlGhlgo/ n] u'gf;f] stf{sf] 3/ –3/ uO{ nut ;ª\sng ul/ / x] sf 5g\ . k|flws/ 0fn] jf: tljs kLl8tx¿sf] oyfy{k/ s nut ;ª\sng sfo{df ;xof] u ug{ / j} slNks af;sf] Joj: yf ePsfnfO{ ;j] {If0fdf ;dfj] z gug{ e"sDk k|efljt : yfgLo txsf kbflwsf/ LnfO{ cg'/ f] w klg u/ ] sf] 5 . ;fy} , u} / kLl8tnfO{ l;kmfl/ ; ul/ Psf] kfOPdf l;kmfl/ ;stf{nfO{ sf/ afxL x'g] df ;r] t klg u/ fPsf] 5 .

lghL cfjf; k'glg{df{0f nfeu|fxLdf ;"rLs[t x'g kfpF egL u'gf;f] btf{ u/ fO{ u'gf;f] ;Daf] wgcGtu{t klxn] sf] d'Vo ;j] {If0fdf 5'6 ePsf u'gf;f] stf{x¿, ;j] {If0faf6 yk Plsg ug{'kg] { egL tf] lsPsf u'gf;f] stf{x¿sf xsdf dfq ;j] {If0f x'g] 5 . To;} u/ L 5'6 tyf k'gM hfFr ;j] {If0f @)&$ df nut ;ª\sng gePsf u'gf;f] stf{ / : yfgLo txdf tf] lsPsf] ;do;Ldfleq gofF btf{ ul/ Psf u'gf;f] sf] klg ;j] {If0f ul/ g] 5 .

;j] {If0fsf] af/ ] df hfgsf/ L lbg] / jf: tljs kLl8tx¿sf] dfq ;j] {If0f xf] ;\ eGg] cfzon] x/ ] s lhNnfdf : yfgLo txsf k|d'v / k|zf;sLo clws[tx¿sf nflu ! lbg] cled'vLs/ 0f sfo{qmd klg ;DkGg eO{;s] sf] 5 . To;} u/ L, ;j] {If0fnfO{ Jojl: yt ug{sf nflu x/ ] s lhNnfdf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltsf k|d'vsf] ;+of] hsTjdf

5'6 tyf k'gM hfFr ;j] {If0f ;~rfng lhNnf ;ldlt;d] t u7g ul/ Psf] 5 .

o;} aLr, ljleGg dfu / flv lj/ f] wdf pq] sf k|fljlwsx¿ sfddf kms{g ;xdt ePsf 5g\ . g] kfn OlGhlgo;{ P;f] l;P;gsf] dWo: ytfdf / fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/ 0f / k|flws/ 0fdf sfo{/ t k|fljlwsx¿aLr j} zfv !^ ut] ePsf] 5nkmndf k|fljlwsx¿n] cfkm"x¿sf dfu ;Daf] wg eO;s] sfn] tTsfn sfddf kms{g] k|lta4tf JoQm u/ ] sf x'g\ .

/ fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/ 0fsf k|d'v sfo{sf/ L clws[t ;'zLn 1jfnLn] e"sDkkLl8t hgtfsf] ;+j] bgzLntf / k'glg{df{0fsf] dxTjnfO{

ljz] if Wofg lbO sfddf nfUg / ufpFkflnsf tyf gu/ kflnsfx¿df k'glg{df{0f sfo{sf] g] t[Tj lng k|fljlwsx¿nfO{ lgb] {zg lbPsf 5g\ .

sfddf guO{ Jofj;flos d"No÷dfGotf sfod ug{ g;s] sf] e] l6P / fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/ 0fn] ljefuLo sf/ afxL;d] t ug] { ePsf] 5 . … k|fljlwsx¿sf dfu ;Daf] wg eO;s] sf] cj: yfdf ;Dk"0f{ k|fljlws ;fyLx¿ k|lta4 eO{ sfddf nfUg] 5g\ . olb cfufdL lbgdf sfddf guO{ Jofj;flos d"No÷dfGotf sfod ug{ g;s] sf] e] l6of] eg] To: tf k|fljlwsnfO{ / fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/ 0fn] ljefuLo sf/ afxL ug{ ;Sg] 5,Ú lg0f{odf pNn] v 5 .

5'6 tyf k'gM hfFr ;j]{If0fsf] ;do;Ldf ykk|flws/ 0fn] s'g} klg jf: tljs kLl8t g5'6"g\ eg] / : yfgLo hgk|ltlglwx¿sf] l;kmfl/ ; / cg'udgdf ;j] {If0f ug] { Joj: yf ldnfPsf] 5 .

5'6 tyf k'gM hfFr ;j] {If0f ;'? x'g'cl3 cfof]lht k|fljlwsx?sf] k|lzIf0f sfo{qmdnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ /li6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/0fsf k|d'v sfo{sf/L clws[t ;'lzn 1jfnL -dfly_ . ;j]{If0fdf ;+nUg k|fljlwsx? .

2 k'glg{df{0f

@)&@ j} zfv !@ sf] e"sDksf] rf} yf] : d[ltsf ;Gbe{df / fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/ 0f / sf7df8f} F dxfgu/ kflnsfsf] ;+o'Qm cfof] hgfdf j;Gtk'/ If] qdf : d[lt ;ef ul/ of] . k|wfgdGqL s] kL zdf{ cf] nLsf] k|d'v cfltYotfdf ePsf] sfo{qmddf k'glg{df{0fsf ljleGg ljwfdf pTs[i6 sfo{;Dkfbg u/ ] sf kflnsf Pj+ lhNnf cfof] hgf sfof{nox¿nfO{ k|z+;fkq k|bfg ul/ of] .

: d[lt ;efdf dGtJo / fVb} k|wfgdGqL cf] nLn] s] xL ;Dkbfafx] s lghL cfjf; / ;/ sf/ L ejgx¿ k'glg{df{0f k|flws/ 0fsf] sfof{jlwdf ;DkGg x'g] ljZjf; JoQm u/ ] . pgn] eg] , ‘e"sDkkl5sf] k'glg{df{0fsf qmddf s'g} klg ljjfb lemSg' cfjZos 5} g / xfd|f] P] ltxfl;stfnfO{ klg tf] 8df] 8 ug{'x'Fb} g . ’

k|flws/ 0fsf k|d'v sfo{sf/ L clws[t ;'zLn 1jfnLn] ;a} ldn] / g] kfnsf] k'glg{df{0fnfO{ gd"gfof] Uo / cg's/ 0fLo agfpg cfXjfg u/ ] .

sf7df8f} F dxfgu/ kflnsfsf d] o/ ljBf;'Gb/ zfSon] dxfgu/ leqsf ;Dkbf tyf lghL cfjf; k'glg{df{0fdf oyfzSo k|of; eO/ x] sf] hfgsf/ L lbPsf lyP . k|flws/ 0fsf ;lrj ch{'gs'df/ sfsL{n] : jfut dGtJo / fv] sf lyP .

sfo{qmddf lghL cfjf;, ;fj{hlgs ejg / ljBfno k'glg{df{0fdf pTs[i6 sfo{ u/ ] afkt ljleGg :yfgLo tx / k|flws/0fsf lgsfox?nfO{

k'/:s[t ub}{ k|z+;f kq ljt/0f ul/Psf] lyof] . : d[lt ;efdf @)&@ sf] uf] / vf e"sDkdf Hofg u'dfPsf gful/ sk|lt Ps ldg]6 df}gwf/0f ub}{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ul/ Psf] lyof] .

sfo{qmdnuQ} , k|wfgdGqL s] kL zdf{ cf] nLn] j;Gtk'/ b/ af/ If] qdf k'glg{df{0f

eO/ x] sf sfi7d08k, gf} tn] b/ af/ nufotsf ;+/ rgfsf] cjnf] sg u/ ] sf lyP . sfi7d08k dlGb/ sf] cjnf] sgkl5 ToxfF / flvPsf] cfuGt's k'l: tsfdf k|wfgdGqLn] n] v] sf lyP – … ;du| l6dsf] pT;fx / cfTdljZjf; x] bf{ v';L nfUof] . k|ult ;Gtf] ifhgs 5 .Ú

ck8]6

uf] / vf e"sDksf] : d[ltdf ;ef

tl:a/x? M bLks ;fksf]6f

pTs[i6 sfo{ u/]afkt k|z+;f kq kfpg]x? lghL cfjf; k'glg{d{f0fdf ufpFkflnsf

gf} s'08 ufpFkflnsf, / ;'jfjf/ kfs ;'lnsf] 6 ufpFkflnsf, uf] / vfsfln~rf] s ufpFkflnsf, bf] nvf

lghL cfjf; k'glg{d{f0fdf : yfgLo txsf] j8f

j8f g+ @, an] kmL ufpFkflnsf, l;Gw'kfNrf] s

lhNnf cfof] hgf sfof{Gjog OsfO{ -cg'bfg Joj: yfkg tyf : yfgLo k"j{fwf/ _ tkm{

lhNnf cfof] hgf sfof{Gjog OsfO{ -cg'bfg Joj: yfkg tyf : yfgLo k"jf{wf/ _ / ;'jflhNnf cfof] hgf sfof{Gjog OsfO{ -cg'bfg Joj: yfkg tyf : yfgLo k"jf{wf/ _ uf] / vflhNnf cfof] hgf sfof{Gjog OsfO{ -cg'bfg Joj: yfkg tyf : yfgLo k"jf{wf/ _ bf] nvf

lhNnf cfof] hgf sfof{Gjog OsfO{ -ejg_ tkm{

lhNnf cfof] hgf sfof{Gjog OsfO{ -ejg_ l;Gw'kfNrf] slhNnf cfof] hgf sfof{Gjog OsfO{ -ejg_ bf] nvflhNnf cfof] hgf sfof{Gjog OsfO{ -ejg_ uf] / vf

;fj{hlgs ljBfno k'glg{d{f0f

lhNnf cfof] hgf sfof{Gjog OsfO{ -lzIff_ / fd] 5fklhNnf cfof] hgf sfof{Gjog OsfO{ -lzIff_ sfe|] knf~rf] slhNnf cfof] hgf sfof{Gjog OsfO{ -lzIff_ sf7df8f} +

3k'glg{df{0f

/ fi6«klt ljBfb] jL e08f/ Ln] g] kfnL ;] gfsf] k'glg{df{0f ;DkGg d'Vofno hª\uL c8\8fsf] j} zfv !) ut] pb\3f6g u/ ] sL l5g\ . ;} lgs d'Vofnol: yt hËL c8\8fdf cfof] lht ljz] if ;df/ f] xdf / fi6«klt e08f/ Ln] l/ df] 6 sG6«f] naf6 zLnfn] v cgfj/ 0f tyf l/ jg sf6] / pQm gofF ejgsf] pb\3f6g u/ ] sL x'g\ .

@)&@ j} zfv !@ sf] e"sDkkl5 Ifltu|: t pQm ejgsf] k'glg{df{0f @)&# h] 7 @$ ut] ;'? ePsf] lyof] . pb\3f6g sfo{qmddf pk/ fi6«klt gGbaxfb'/ k'g, k|wfgdGqL s] kL zdf{ cf] nL, ;efd'v s[i0faxfb'/ dx/ f, / fli6«o ;ef cWoIf u0f] z ltdlN;gf, pk–k|wfgdGqL Pj+ / Iff dGqL O{Zj/ kf] v/ ] n, / fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/ 0fsf k|d'v sfo{sf/ L clws[t ;'zLn 1jfnLnufot ljlzi6 JolQmx¿sf] pkl: ylt lyof] .

/ fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/ 0faf6 : jLs[t ePsfdWo] k'glg{df{0f ;DkGg of] g} ;a} eGbf 7"nf] cfof] hgf xf] . hª\uL c8\8fsf nflu k|flws/ 0fdfkm{t ;/ sf/ n] ?= # ca{ $$ s/ f] 8 ?lkofF ljlgof] hg u/ ] sf] lyof] . pb\3f6g sfo{qmddf dGtJo / fVb} pk–k|wfgdGqL Pj+ / Iff dGqL O{Zj/ kf] v/ ] nn] ;/ sf/ k'glg{df{0fsf] cleofg s;/ L cl3 a9fpg rfxG5 eGg] hËL c8\8f ejg k'glg{df{0faf6 b] lvg] atfPsf lyP .

/ fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/ 0fsf k|d'v sfo{sf/ L clws[t ;'zLn 1jfnLn] b] zdf s'g} vfnsf] ljkb\ cfPdf p4f/ , / fxt tyf k'g: yf{kgfsf nflu k'glg{ld{t ejgn] 7"nf] 6] jf k'¥ofpg] ljZjf; JoQm u/ ] . pgn] eg] , ‘e"sDkdf Iflt ePsf & nfv lghL 3/ dWo] xfn;Dd %)

k|ltzt 3/ alg;s] sf] , #) k|ltzt lgdf{0ffwLg cj: yfdf / x] sf] tyf @) k|ltzt nfeu|fxLnfO{ k/ ] sf] cK7] / f] ;'Nemfpg] qmddf 5g\ .’

;f] cj;/ df k|wfg ;] gfklt k"0f{rG› yfkfn] hËL c8\8f ejg lgdf{0f;Fu} ;] gfsf] k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0fdf Jofj;flostf / sfo{bIftf clej[l4 x'g] atfP . pQm ejgaf6 g] kfnL ;] gfsf] dxflgb] {zgfno, ljefu, lgb] {zgfno;lxt $& sfof{no ;~rfng x'g] 5g\ . hxfFaf6 Ps;fy Ps

xhf/ hgfn] sfd ug{ ;Sg] 5g\ .;Ë7g ;+/ rgfg';f/ sf] ;'ljwf pknAw

u/ fpg] x] t'n] ;/ sf/ n] cfw'lgs / k|ljlwo'Qm ejg lgdf{0f ug] { lg0f{o u/ ] sf] lyof] . & tn] of] ejgsf] 5tdf x] lnsK6/ cjt/ 0f u/ fpg] ;+/ rgf 5 . ejgdf So'ljsn;lxt $#) sf] 7f 5g\ . pb\3f6g ;df/ f] xkl5 / fi6«klt;lxt ljlzi6 dxfg'efjx¿n] pQm gjlgld{t ejg lg/ LIf0f u/ ] sf lyP .

g] kfnL ;] gfsf] d'Vofno hª\uL c8\8fsf] pb\3f6g

;x'lnotk"0f{ C0f lng e"sDkkLl8tnfO{ yk ;'ljwf;x'lnotk"0f{ C0f lng

e"sDkkLl8tnfO{ yk ;xh x'g] ePsf] 5 . To: t} e"sDkkLl8tn] cfjf; lgdf{0fsf cltl/ Qm hLljsf] kfh{gsf nflu yk Pp6f shf{ klg lng kfpg] 5g\ . dlGqkl/ ifb\n] ;x'lnotk"0f{ shf{sf nflu Aofh cg'bfg;DaGwL PsLs[t sfo{ljlwdf klxnf] ;+zf] wg u/ L o; k|sf/ sf] ;'ljwf pknAw u/ fPsf] xf] .

e"sDkkLl8tn] lghL cfjf; lgdf{0fsf nflu C0f lnP klg Jofj;flos s'lif tyf kz'kG5L shf{, lzlIft o'jf : j/ f] huf/ shf{, ljb] zaf6 kms] {sf o'jf kl/ of] hgf shf{, dlxnf pBdL shf{, blnt ;d'bfo ljsf; shf{ Pj+ pRr / k|fljlws tyf Jofj;flos lzIff shf{dWo] Ps zLif{ssf] shf{ lng ;Sg] 5g\ .

To;} u/ L e"sDkkLl8tn] shf{ lnFbf

/ fVg'kg] { lwtf] af/ ] klg k|i6 kfl/ Psf] 5 . e"sDkkLl8t lghL cfjf; k'glg{df{0f jf k|jnLs/ 0f nfeu|fxLn] lghL cfjf; lgdf{0f shf{ lnO{ lgdf{0f ug] { jf ul/ / x] sf] 3/ / ;f] 3/ n] rr] {sf] hUuf lwtf] / fv] / a} ª\s tyf ljQLo ;+: yfn] C0f lbg'kg] {5 . To: t} e"sDkkLl8tnfO{ lghL cfjf; lgdf{0f ug] { shf{ lngsf nflu : yfoL n] vf gDa/ -Kofg_ cfjZos gkg] { ePsf] 5 .

bLks ;fksf]6f

4 k'glg{df{0f

@)&@ j} zfv !@ sf] e"sDk / To;kl5sf k/ fsDkx¿n] k'¥ofPsf] Ifltsf] k'glg{df{0f / k'g: yf{kgfdf xfn;Dd xfl;n ePsf pknlAwx¿af/ ] hfgsf/ L lbg j} zfv !) ut] Ps kqsf/ ;Dd] ng cfof] hgf ul/ of] .

kqsf/ ;Dd] ngdf k'glg{df{0fsf] jt{dfg cj: yfaf/ ] hfgsf/ L lbFb} / fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/ 0fsf k|d'v sfo{sf/ L clws[t ;'zLn 1jfnLn] cg'bfg ;Demf} tf u/ ] sf & nfv ^@ xhf/ # ;o & 3/ ÷kl/ jf/ dWo] *) k|ltzt cyf{t\ ^ nfv !@ xhf/ ( ;o #% 3/ ÷kl/ jf/ k'glg{df{0fsf] k|lqmofdf cfO;s] sf] atfP .

pgn] ljleGg cf/ f] x÷cj/ f] xaLr k'glg{df{0fsf sfd b'|t¿kdf cl3 a9] sf] pNn] v ub} { g] kfnsf] k'glg{df{0f gd"gfof] Uo ePsf] /

cGt/ f{li6«o : t/ af6 klg k|z+;f kfPsf] atfP . ;Dd] ngdf k|flws/ 0fsf ;lrj ch{'gs'df/

sfsL{n] k'glg{df{0fsf] kl5Nnf] ultn] cfde"sDkkLl8tdf cfTdljZjf; k} bf x'Fb} uPsf] wf/ 0ff / fv] sf lyP .

;Dd] ngdf k|flws/ 0f sfo{sf/ L ;ldlt ;b: ox¿, ;x;lrjnufotsf clwsf/ Lx¿sf] klg pkl: ylt lyof] .

kqsf/ ;Dd] ngdf ljt/ 0f ul/ Psf] k|] ; lj1lKtsf] k"0f{ kf7 o;k|sf/ 5 M

@)&@ ;fn j} zfv !@ ut] sf] e"sDk / To;kl5sf k/ sDkx¿n] k'¥ofPsf] Ifltsf] k'glg{df{0f / k'g: yf{kgfdf xfdLn] xfl;n u/ ] sf pknlAwx¿ / jt{dfg cj: yfsf ;DaGwdf

hfgsf/ L lbg cfof] lht kqsf/ ;Dd] ngdf pkl: yt x'g'ePsfdf oxfFx¿nfO{ xflb{s : jfut ug{ rfxG5' . k'glg{df{0f / k'g: yf{kgfsf] If] qdf oxfFx¿n] cfcfˆgf] If] qdfkm{t k'¥ofpg'ePsf] ;xof] usf] k|z+;f ub} { cfufdL lbgdf klg dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{'x'g] ljZjf; lnPsf] 5' .

k'glg{df{0f / k'g: yf{kgfdf xfdLn] e"sDkkLl8t JolQm, : yfgLo ;d'bfo, gful/ s ;dfh, u} / ;/ sf/ L ;+: yf, ljleGg ;ª\3÷;+: yf, cGt/ f{li6«o ;d'bfo Pj+ ;/ sf/ L lgsfox¿;Fu ;xsfo{, ;dGjo / ;xhLs/ 0f ub} { cfjZostfcg';f/ pgLx¿nfO{ kl/ rfng ug] { gLlt cjnDag u/ ] sf lyof} F . of] xfdLn] ckgfPsf] k'glg{df{0f / k'g: yf{kgfsf] df} lns z} nL xf] . k'glg{df{0fdf xfl;n u/ ] sf

*) k|ltzt nfeu|fxL k'glg{df{0f k|lqmofdf;/ sf/ n] 3/ agfOlbg] xf] Og, ;DalGwt 3/ wgLsf] : jfldTj / ckgTjdf aGg] xf] . To;df ;/ sf/ n] cfly{s / k|fljlws ;xof] usf] jftfj/ 0f ldnfOlbg] xf] .

bLks ;fksf]6f /fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/0fsf k|d'v sfo{sf/L clws[t ;'zLn 1jfnL, k|flws/0fsf ;lrj ch{'g s'df/ sfsL{ / k|flws/0fsf sfo{sf/L ;b:ox? kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf .

ck8]6

5k'glg{df{0f

kl/ 0ffdx¿n] / fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/ 0fn] lnPsf] k'glg{df{0fsf] cjwf/ 0ff / b[li6sf] 0f ;xL 5 eGg] k|df0fLt u/ ] sf 5g\ .

xfdLn] lghL cfjf;, z} lIfs ;+: yf, : jf: Yo ;+: yf, k'/ ftflTjs ;Dkbf, ;'/ Iff lgsfosf ejg, ;/ sf/ L ejg, ;8s, vfg] kfgL h: tf ;+/ rgfx¿sf] k'glg{df{0fnfO{ k|fyldstfdf / fv] / sfo{ cl3 a9fPsf lyof} F . To;dWo] lghL cfjf;sf] k'glg{df{0fnfO{ ;a} eGbf s] G›ljGb'df / fv] / sfd u¥of} {+ .

lghL cfjf; k'glg{df{0fdf ;du|df *) k|ltzt pknlAw xfl;n u/ ] sf 5f} F cyf{t cg'bfg ;Demf} tf u/ ] sf &,^@,#)& 3/ ÷kl/ jf/ dWo] ^,!@,(#% 3/ ÷kl/ jf/ k'glg{df{0fsf] k|lqmofdf x'g'x'G5 . h;dWo] %) k|ltzt cyf{t #,*@,@&& kl/ jf/ n] 3/ k'glg{df{0f ;DkGg u/ L cf–cfˆgf] 3/ leq k|j] z ul/ ;Sg'ePsf] 5 eg] #) k|ltzt cyf{t @,#),^%* kl/ jf/ 3/ k'glg{df{0fsf qmddf x'g'x'G5 .

hf] lvddf k/ ] sf ju{ / c;'/ lIft : yfgdf / x] sf kl/ jf/ nfO{ ;'/ lIft : yfgdf hUuf pknAw u/ fpg] Joj: yf ldnfPsf 5f} F . To: t} e"ldxLg, : jjf;Lnufotsf] ;d: of klg ;dfwfg ub} {5f} F . hgtfaf6 cfPsf clwsf+z u'gf;f] ;Daf] wg u/ ] sf 5f} F . clGtdk6ssf] u'gf;f] ;'Gg] qmddf : yfgLo tx;Fusf] ;dGjodf ;j] {If0f ul/ / x] sf 5f} F . xfdLn] ;'?b] lv eGb} cfPsf lyof} F– ;/ sf/ n] 3/ agfOlbg] xf] Og, ;DalGwt 3/ wgLsf] : jfldTj / ckgTjdf aGg] xf] . To;df ;/ sf/ n] cfly{s / k|fljlws ;xof] usf] jftfj/ 0f ldnfOlbg] xf] . cfhsf lbg;Dd cfOk'Ubf o; k|lqmofn] 7"nf] dfqfdf 3/ aGg] cj: yf l;h{gf ePsf] 5 .

ca d ljBfno lzIffdf ePsf pknlAwx¿af/ ] hfgsf/ L lbg rfxG5' . e"sDkaf6 &,%%# ljBfno Iflt ePsfdf lgdf{0f ;DkGg / lgdf{0ffwLg u/ L *# k|ltzt k|ult xfl;n u/ ] sf 5f} F h;df %( k|ltzt cyf{t $,$&^ sf] k'glg{df{0f ;DkGg eO;s] sf] 5 eg] !,&&@ ljBfno k'glg{df{0fsf qmddf 5g\ .

o: t} : jf: Yo ;+: yf k'glg{df{0ftkm{ ;du|df ^^ k|ltzt pknlAw xfl;n u/ ] sf 5f} F h;df %$ k|ltzt cyf{t ^$# sf] k'glg{df{0f ;DkGg u/ ] sf 5f} F eg] !@ k|ltzt cyf{t !$% k'glg{df{0fsf qmddf 5g\ .

k'/ ftflTjs dxTjsf] ;Dkbf k'glg{df{0fdf e"sDk clt k|efljt lhNnfdf xfdLn] %( k|ltzt pknlAw xfl;n u/ ] sf 5f} F h;df @@$ j6f cyf{t #) k|ltzt k'glgdf{0f ;DkGg ePsf 5g\ eg] @@! j6f cyf{t @( k|ltzt

k'glg{df{0fsf qmddf 5g\ . o;sf] snfTdstfsf] hu] gf{, k|frLg lgdf{0f ;fdu|Lsf] k|of] u / : yfgLo ;d'bfosf] b} lgs hLjg;Fu o;sf] ;DaGwnufotsf d'2fn] ;Dkbf k'glg{df{0fsf] sfo{ ;a} eGbf hl6n / w] / } ;do nfUg] x'G5 . t} klg k'glg{df{0fsf qmddf p7] sf d'2fx¿nfO{ ;Daf] wg ub} { / fgLkfv] / L, w/ x/ f, sfi7d08knufot sf7df8f} F pkTosfleqsf ;ftj6} ljZj ;Dkbf If] qsf ;Dkbfx¿sf] k'glg{df{0f ›'t ultdf cl3 a9fOPsf] 5 . u'Dafx¿ k'glg{df{0fsf nflu sfo{ljlw to u/ L l8hfOg sfo{ eO/ x] sf] 5 . s] xL ;dokl5 u'Dafx¿sf] klg k'glg{df{0f ;'? ug] {5f} F .

;'/ Iff lgsfosf ejgx¿sf] k'glg{df{0fdf %^ k|ltzt k|ult ePsf] 5 h;df #* k|ltzt cyf{t !$% sf] k'glg{df{0f ;DkGg ePsf] 5 eg] !* k|ltzt cyf{t &! j6f ejg k'glg{df{0fsf

qmddf 5g\ . o: t} ;/ sf/ L ejgsf] k'glg{df{0fdf (* k|ltzt pknlAw u/ ] sf 5f} F h;df ^# k|ltztsf] k'glg{df{0f ;DkGg eO;s] sf] 5 eg] #% k|ltzt k'glg{df{0fsf qmddf 5g\ . e"sDkaf6 Iflt ePsf ;8s, vfg] kfgLnufotsf ;+/ rgfx¿sf] klg k'glg{df{0f ug] {÷u/ fpg] sfo{ eO/ x] sf] 5 .

;du|df x] bf{ uf] / vf e"sDkkZrftsf] k'glg{df{0f kl5Nnf] ;dodf ›'t ultdf cl3 al9/ x] sf] 5 . g] kfnsf] k'glg{df{0f sfo{sf] k|ultk|lt cGt/ f{li6«o ;d'bfon] u/ ] sf] k|z+;f / k|bfg u/ ] sf] ;xof] u ;x|fgLo 5 . sltko bft[lgsfon] k|lta4tf u/ ] sf] eGbf yk / sd ;xof] u ug{ yfn] sf 5g\ . xfd|f] k'glg{df{0f w] / } lx;fjn] ljZjsf nflu gd"gfof] Uo / cg's/ 0fLo aGb} 5 h'g xfdL ;a} g] kfnLsf nflu uf} / jsf] ljifo xf] .

xfdLn] k|fKt u/ ] sf plNnlvt pknlAwx¿ / fhgLlts ;ª\qmd0f, ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f k|lqmof, gfsfaGbL, e"sDk uPsf] * dlxgfkl5 dfq k|flws/ 0f : yfkgf x'g', / fhgLlts cl: y/ tf;Fu} k|flws/ 0fsf] g] t[Tj kl/ jt{gnufot r'gf} tLx¿sf

afah'b k|fKt u/ ] sf pknlAw x'g\ .ca d s] xL r'gf} tLaf/ ] rrf{ ug{ rfxG5' .

k'glg{df{0f / k'g: yf{kgfsf sfo{x¿ ;DkGg ug{ ;a} eGbf 7"nf] r'gf} tL ljQLo Joj: yfkgsf] b] lvPsf] 5 . k'glg{df{0f / k'g: yf{kgfsf] k~rjifL{o of] hgfdf ;du| k'glg{df{0fsf nflu s'n ?= (#* ca{ / sd cfsng ul/ Psf] lyof] . h;dWo] cfly{s jif{ @)&$÷&% ;Dd s'n ?= !*^ ca{ / sd vr{ ePsf] 5 eg] rfn' cfly{s jif{df hDdf ?= !@# ca{ vr{ ug] { kl/ dflh{t nIo lnOPsf] 5 .

o: t} u/ L ;/ sf/ sf] lgoldt sfo{qmd, lghL If] q / u} ;; If] qaf6 sl/ j ?= @)) ca{ kl/ rfng x'g] ck] Iff u/ ] sf 5f} F . o; lx;fjn] xfdLnfO{ k'glg{df{0f sfo{ ;DkGg ug{ yk sl/ j ?= $@( ca{ / sd cfjZos kg] {5 . o;/ L k'glg{df{0fsf] k|ult xfd|f] ljQLo Joj: yfkgdf lge{/ x'g] l: ylt b] vfk/ ] sf] 5 . o;sf nflu xfdL cy{ dGqfno / bft[lgsfox¿;Fu ;3g 5nkmndf h'6] sf 5f} F .

;ª\3Lotf sfof{Gjogsf qmddf ePsf] sd{rf/ L ;dfof] hgn] k'glg{df{0fdf cg'ejL sd{rf/ Lx¿nfO{ k|b] z / : yfgLo txdf v6fpg'kbf{ k'glg{df{0fdf c;/ kl/ / x] sf] 5 . o;sf] Joj: yfkg xfd|f nflu csf] { k|d'v r'gf} tL aGg k'u] sf] 5 .

@)&@ ;fnsf] e"sDkn] ljgf;dfq u/ ] g, cj;/ / ;Defjgfx¿ klg Nofof] . ;'/ lIft ef} lts ;+/ rgfx¿sf ;fy} ljleGg 7fpFdf ;'Gb/ a: tLx¿ ag] sf 5g\ . lghL cfjf; k'glg{df{0f ;DkGg ug] {x¿n] hLljsf] kfh{gsf yk cj;/ x¿;d] t dfu ug{'ePsf] 5 . e"sDkkLl8tx¿nfO{ hLljsf] kfh{gsf cj;/ x¿;Fu hf] 8\g] / cfly{s¿kdf ¿kfGt/ 0f ug] { r'gf} tL klg xfd|f;fd' 5 . o;sf nflu ;x'lnot C0fsf] Joj: yf ldnfOPsf] 5 eg] cfufdL jif{b] lv ljz] if ;xof] u sfo{qmd ;~rfngdf NofOg] 5 .

k'glg{df{0f / k'g: yf{kgfsf] gLltut Pj+ sfg'gL Joj: yfx¿ / lg0f{ox¿df xfdL k|i6 5f} F . gLltut¿kdf b] vfk/ ] sf ;d: ofx¿ ;Daf] wg ug{ xfdLn] ljz] if kxn ul/ / x] sf 5f} F . tL lg0f{ox¿nfO{ hg: t/ ;Dd k'¥ofO sfof{Gjog u/ ] / ztk|ltzt kl/ 0ffd lgsfNg' k'glg{df{0fdf ;+nUg ;a} ;/ f] sf/ jfnf kIfx¿sf] ;femf bfloTj xf] .

cGTodf, ;'?sf lbgb] lv k'glg{df{0f / k'g: yf{kgfdf ;fy lbg'x'g] e"sDkkLl8t bfh'efO÷lbbLalxgLx¿, : yfgLo ;d'bfo, gful/ s ;dfh, ljleGg ;ª\3÷;+: yf, cGt/ f{li6«o ;d'bfo, ;/ sf/ L lgsfo, ;~rf/ hutnufot ;a} nfO{ xflb{s wGojfb lbg rfxG5' .

uf] / vf e"sDkkZrftsf] k'glg{df{0f kl5Nnf] ;dodf

b|'t ultdf cl3 al9/ x] sf] 5 . g] kfnsf] k'glg{df{0f sfo{sf]

k|ultk|lt cGt/ f{li6«o ;d'bfon] u/ ] sf] k|z+;f / k|bfg u/ ] sf]

;xof] u ;x|fgLo 5 .

6 k'glg{df{0f

cGtjf{tf{

@)&# k';df tTsfnLg ;/ sf/ n] tkfO{sf] sfd ;Gtf] ifhgs ePg eGb} avf{: t u¥of] . km] l/ lgo'Qm x'g'ePsf] ( dlxgf laTof] . k'glg{df{0fdf tkfO{sf] sfo{;Dkfbg s: tf] eO/ x] sf] 5 <

sfo{;Dkfbg d} n] eGbf klg hgtf / ;/ sf/ n] d"Nof+sg ug] { xf] . hgtfsf] aLrdf 5nkmn ubf{ k'glg{df{0fn] ult lnPsf] b] lvG5 . %) k|ltzt nfeu|fxL 3/ df ;/ ] sf 5g\ . #) k|ltzt hltn] k'glg{df{0fsf] sfd ul/ / x] sf 5g\ . rfn' cfly{s jif{df ;a} 3/ lgdf{0f ul/ ;Sg] nIo 5 . %^ j6f ljBfno / %$ : jf: Yo ;+: yfsf] lgdf{0f ;DkGg u/ ] sf 5f} + . o;n] xfd|f] sfd ;Gtf] ifhgs ePsf] b] vfpF5 .

k'glg{df{0fdf tkfO{sf] klxnf] / bf] ;|f] sfo{sfnsf] km/ s s: tf] 5 <

klxn] sd{rf/ L lyPgg\ . ;|f] t / ;fwg Joj: yfkg s;/ L ug] { eGg] lyof] . gLltut Joj: yf lyPg . sfg'gx¿ lyPgg\ . ljlw / k|lqmof ;a} tof/ L ug{'kg] { cj: yfdf lyof] . xfdL;Fu of] hgf lyPg . k'glg{df{0fsf] k~rjifL{o of] hgf lyPg . Tof] klg agfOof] . oL ;a} sfd u/ ] / dfq} k'glg{df{0fsf] sfd cuffl8 a9fpg'kg] { cj: yf lyof] .

;j] {If0fsf] sfd ;DkGg ug{'kg] { lyof] . ;j] {If0flagf cg'bfg lbg ;Dej lyPg . cfhsf] lbgdf b] lvg] kl/ df0fdf sfd ePsf] 5 . lxhf] gLltut / b[li6sf] 0fsf] lx;fan] c: ki6tf lyof] . lxhf] sf r'gf} tLsf ljifo / cfhsf ljifo km/ s 5g\ . ;d: ofx¿ km/ s 5g\ . r'gf} tL ljxLgtf t k'glg{df{0fdf x'g} ;Sb} g . r'gf} tLsf] ;fdfgf ug] { / To;nfO{ kf/ ub} { hfg] xf] .

;du|df vr{sf] cj: yf s] 5 <uPsf] cfly{s jif{df ! va{ *^ ca{ ?k} ofF

vr{ ePsf] 5 . of] cfly{s jif{sf] nIo ! va{ @# ca{ xf] . cfhsf] lbg;Dd sl/ a ;f9] @ va{ vr{ ul/ ;s] sf 5f} + . lghL cfjf;sf nflu dfq} sl/ a # va{ rflxG5 . k'glg{df{0fsf] k~rjifL{o of] hgfcg';f/ ( ;o #* ca{ vr{ cfjZos 5 .

bft[ lgsfon] cGt/ f{li6«o nufgL ;Dd] ngdf k|lta4tf hgfPsf] / sd $!) ca{ xf] . To;dWo] ^& ca{ ?k} ofF / fxt, p4f/ nufot sfddf vr{ ePsf] s6fpFbf #$# ca{ dfq} s'n k|fKt x'g] k|lta4tf / sd / Xof] . To;dWo] @^@ ca{ a/ fa/ sf] ;Demf} tf eO;s] sf] 5 . To;sf] *) k|ltzt bft[ lgsfoaf6 k} ;f k|fKt x'g] ;'lglZrttf 5 . ToxL cg'kftdf vr{ klg ub}{ hfG5f} + .

ef/ tsf] PlShd a} +saf6 sl/ a &% ca{ ?k} ofF a/ fa/ sf] / sd lbg] elgPsf] 5 . To;dWo] ljZjljBfno / lghL 3/ lgdf{0fdf sl/ a !%

ca{ vr{ ug{ ;Sg] b] lvG5 . vr{ ubf{ ef/ tLo lgdf{0f sDkgL, ;fdu|L / ef/ tLo k/ fdz{bftfsf] kl/ rfng ug{'kg] { ;t{ 5 . xfd|f] ;fgf] ljBfno, : jf: Yo rf} sL, ;Dkbf lgdf{0f To;/ L ug{ ;Sg] l: ylt 5} g . o;af/ ] cy{ dGqfno;Fu 5nkmn ul/ / x] sf 5f} + . 5nkmnsf qmddf afFsL x'g] ^) ca{ ?k} ofF / sd g] kfn ;/ sf/ n] cGoq vr{ ug] { / To;afktsf] / sd ;/ sf/ n] k|flws/ 0fnfO{ pknAw u/ fpg] eGg] 5 .

k'glg{df{0fsf nflu cfjZos ( va{ #* ca{ / sdWo] #$# ca{ g} bft[ lgsfoaf6 k|fKt eP klg ^ va{eGbf a9L / sd k'Ub} g . of] / sd ;/ sf/ n] k"lt{ ug{'kg] { xf] . ;+3Lotf sfof{Gjogsf] r/ 0fdf g] kfn ;/ sf/ sf] vr{ klg w] / } 5 . ;|f] tdfly ;/ sf/ nfO{ bafa 5 . Tof] cj: yfdf xfdLn] s] xL sfo{qmdx¿ : yfgLo, k|b] z txdf : jtM ;fwg x: tfGt/ 0f ePsf] 5 .

: yfgLo txn] klg vr{ ug] { ta/ af6 klg 5nkmn u/ ] sf 5f} + . o;f] ubf{ @ va{ / sd k|flws/ 0f, u} / ;/ sf/ L ;+: yf, lghL If] q / ;/ sf/ sf] sfo{qmdaf6 ;~rfng ug{ ;lsg] cf+sng 5 . $ ;o ca{ t 3f6f g} 5 . of] / sd sxfFaf6 h'6fpg] 5nkmn ul/ / x] sf 5f} + .

‘ ;+;f/ nfO{ ;kmn gd'gf b] vfpg] cj: yfdf 5f} +Ú uf] / vf lhNnfsf] af/ kfs s] G›ljGb' eO e"sDk uPsf] rf} +yf] jif{ k'u] sf] ;Gbe{df sflGtk'/ b} lgssf nflu s[i0f cfrfo{ / / fh' rf} w/ Ln] / fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/ 0fsf k|d'v sfo{sf/ L clws[t ;'zLn 1jfnL;Fu k'glg{df{0f / k'g: yf{kgfsf ljleGg kIfdf s] Gb|Lt / x] / s'/ fsfgL u/ ] sf lyP . k|: t't 5, s'/ fsfgLsf] ;Dkflbt c+zM

k'glg{df{0fsf nflu cfjZos ( va{ #* ca{ / sdWo] #$# ca{ g} bft[ lgsfoaf6 k|fKt

eP klg ^ va{eGbf a9L / sd k'Ub} g . of] / sd ;/ sf/ n] k"lt{

ug{'kg] { xf] .

7k'glg{df{0f

5nkmndf dfq} ls ;Defjgf klg b] lvO;Sof] <

5nkmn ;sf/ fTds 9+un] cufl8 a9] sf] 5 . s] xL bft[ lgsfo;Fu ljutdf ;Demf} tf ePsf] / sdeGbf a9L dfu ul/ / x] sf 5f} + . ljZj a} +s;Fu 5nkmn ePsf] 5 . sl/ a sl/ a ^) ca{ yk lbg] 5nkmn ePsf] 5 . ljutdf ;Demf} tf x'g afFsL bft[ lgsfo;Fu klg 5nkmn rnfO/ fv] sf 5f} + . g] kfn ;/ sf/ sf] ah] 6af6 Joj: yfkg ug] { eGg] af/ ] df klg 5nkmn ul/ / x] sf 5f} + .

bft[ lgsfo;Fu låkIfLo 5nkmn eO/ x] sf] 5 ls ;fd"lxs <

låkIfLo ul/ / x] sf 5f} + . Pl;ofnL ljsf; a} +s;Fu 5nkmn ePsf] 5 . ljZj a} +ssf pkfWoIfn] k'glg{df{0f s: tf] eO/ x] sf] 5 eg] / dGynLdf : ynut e|d0f u/ fof} + . pgL;Fu klg låkIfLo 5nkmn eof] .

e"sDk uPsf] $ jif{ k'Uof] . g] kfnsf] k'glg{df{0f / fd|f] x'g ;s] g, w] / } sdLsdhf] / L eof] eg] / cfnf] rgf 5 lg <

k'glg{df{0f w] / } cf/ f] x cj/ f] xaf6 cufl8 a9] sf] xf] . ;~rf/ dfWodx¿af6 klg w] / } cfnf] rgfTds ;'emfj cfof] . ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fkZrft\ dfq} k'glg{df{0fsf] sfd ;'? eof] . oxL aLrdf gfsfaGbLsf] ;fdgf ug{'kof] { .

k'glg{df{0fs} cjlwdf tLg txsf] lgjf{rg eof] . k|flws/ 0fsf] ;Dk"0f{ 6f] nL lgjf{rgdf s] lG›t eP/ sfd ug{'kg] { cj: yf lyof] . / fhgLlts cl: yt/ tfsf sf/ 0f ;/ sf/ kl/ jt{g x'g] , To;sf] c;/ k|flws/ 0f u7g / g] t[Tj kl/ jt{gdf kof] { . kl5Nnf] ;do sd{rf/ L ;dfof] hgsf] ;d: ofdf u'lh|g'kof] { . oL ;a} ;d: ofx¿nfO{ aflx/ / fv] / d"Nof+sg ubf{ k'glg{df{0fsf] oyf] lrt d"Nof+sg gx'g ;S5 . xfdLn] k|fKt u/ ] sf pknlAw ;d: ofx¿leqaf6 x] g{'k5{ . s] xL 7fpFdf xfdLn] / fd|f] ug{ ;SYof} + t/ ePg .

h: t} <klxnf] , PsLs[t a: tL xf] . PsLs[t

a: tL agfpg ;'?df ah] 6 g} k|fKt ePg . !@% j6f PsLs[t a: tLsf lglDt tof/ L lyof] . ah] 6 k|fKt ug{ g;s] / xfdLn] Tof] sfdnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg ;s] gf} + . kl5 d} n] lhDd] jf/ L 5f8\g'kof] { . To;kZrft uxg lx;fan] Wofg lbOPg . y'k} PsLs[t a: tL agfpg] of] hgfdf xfdL r's] s} xf} ] + . bf] ;|f] , k/ fDk/ fut a: tLnfO{ s] lG›t u/ ] / k'glg{df{0fdf ug{ ;lsGYof] . Tof] ug{ ;s] gf} + . k'/ fgf a: tLdf agfpg] 3/ ;Dkbf;Fu

ldNbf] h'Nbf] x'g'k5{ . To;sf lglDt Ps} ;fy cufl8 a9fpg'k5{ . To;df klg sdhf] / L ePsf] 5 . cfly{s ;fdflhs k'gM: yfkgfsf] sfdnfO{ klg cufl8 a9fpg vf] h] sf lyof} + . To;df klg cln k5fl8 k/ ] sf 5f} + . ljutsf sdhf] / Lsf] kf7 l;s] / sfd cufl8 a9fPsf 5f} + .

s] kf7 l;s] / s;/ L cufl8 a9\b} x'g'x'G5 <PsLs[t a: tL cufl8 a9fpg sfo{sf/ L

;ldltsf] a} 7saf6 Ps kflnsf Ps PsLs[t a: tLsf] k|jWb{\g ub} {5f} + . cem} klg 3/ agfpg afFsL 5 . 3/ agfpg PsLs[t a: tLdf k|f] T;fxg

u/ f} + . xfdLn] afWo u/ fP/ x'Fb} g t/ k|f] T;fxgsf] sfo{qmd Nofpg ;S5f} + . To;} n] ;/ sf/ k|f] T;fxg lbg] qmddf 5 .

PsLs[t a: tLdf k"jf{wf/ ljsf; ug{ t/ fO{ If] qdf k|lt3/ # nfv, kxf8L If] qdf $ / lxdfnL If] qdf % nfvsf] b/ n] k"jf{wf/ sf] cg'bfg pknAw u/ fpg] . k} ;f klg uO;s] sf] 5 . xfn;Dd #& j6f a: tLsf] k|: tfj k/ ] sf] 5 . @( j6fsf] of] hgf : jLs[t ePsf] 5 . dfu cfof] eg] k"jf{wf/ df xfdL ;xof] u k'of{pF5f} + . / f] huf/ L l;h{gf, cfly{s pkfh{gh: tf hLljsf] kfh{gsf nflu cfufdL jif{af6 gofF sfo{qmdx¿ ;~rfng ub} {5f} + .

k/ fDk/ fut a: tLnfO{ k'glg{df{0f ug{ : yfgLo ;d'bfo;Fu ldn] / cl3 a9\b} 5f} + . k/ fDk/ fut ;+/ rgf lgdf{0f, ;'Gb/ vfnsf] agfpg

cfwf/ e"t, ko{6gnfO{ cfsif{0f ug{ vfg] kfgL, hnljB'tnufot k"jf{wf/ sf] ljsf; sfo{qmd klg u5f} {+ . t] ;|f] , hgtfsf] 3/ agfpg k|f] T;fxg pknAw u/ fpg] . 3/ sf] cufl8 efu df} lns agfpg %) / ̂ ) xhf/ pknAw u/ fpg] 5f} + . sfof{no ljlw klg : jLs[t ePsf] 5 .

lhjLsf] kfh{gsf sfo{qmddf s] s] k5{g\ <To;leq # j6f ljifo k5{g\ . Pp6f cfly{s

kx'Fr . eGgfn] ;xh ¿kdf k} ;f pknAw u/ fpg] . To;sf nflu ;/ sf/ n] PsLs[[t shf{;DaGwL sfo{ljlw;Fu ;DalGwt 5 . To;df e"sDkkLl8tnfO{ klxnf] k|fyldstf / fv] / & k|sf/ sf] shf{df Pp6f lghL lgjf; shf{ lbg] elgPsf] 5 . afFsL ^ j6f shf{df klg e"sDkkLl8tnfO{ k|fyldstf lbg] elgPsf] 5 . bf] ;|f] sfo{qmd hgtfnfO{ Jofj;flos lx;fan] sfd ug{ tflnd rflxG5 .

To;sf nflu x/ ] s ufpFkflnsfdf ljZj a} +ssf] ;xof] udf Pshgf kl/ rfns v6fPsf 5f} + . t] ;|f] s'/ f ahf/ ;Ddsf] kx'Fr xf] . e"sDkkLl8tx¿sf] ahf/ ;Dd kx'Fr k'of{pg] so{qmd ug] { ;f] rdf 5f} + .

shf{df k|fyldstf eGg' eof] t/ cl3Nnf] k6s klg !% / @% nfv C0fsf] Joj: yf lyof] . o;nfO{ x6fP/ ca # nfv lbg] elgPsf] 5 . e"sDkkLl8tx¿ t'ngfTds ¿kdf ljkGg 5g\ . ljkGg ePs} sf/ 0fn] shf{sf] hf] lvd eGb} a} +sx¿n] klxnf klg lbPgg\, clxn] klg lbPsf 5} gg\ lg <

d} n] k"/ } ;Defjgf b] v] sf] 5' . d cfkm} + af/ kfsdf uP/ # nfv ?k} ofFsf] shf{ ljt/ 0fsf] ;'?jft u/ ] sf] 5' . klxnf ;d: of lyof] . # nfv ?k} ofFsf] lgAof{hL shf{ pknAw u/ fpg] 3f] if0ff eP klg sfo{ljlw g} ag] g . d} n] bf] ;|f] sfo{sfn ;Dxfn] kZrft\ tTsfn ;x'lnot shf{nfO{ lbPsf] 5' . hgtfsf] dfu lyof] .

;x'lnot shf{ # nfv ?k} ofF;Dd pknAw u/ fpg / fi6« a} +s, cy{ dGqfno, a} +s;{ P;f] l;P;g;Fu 5nkmn u/ ] sf 5f} + . C0f 8'Ag ;S5 eg] / ;'/ Iffsf] 1f/ ] G6L u/ ] sf 5f} + . shf{sf] ;'/ Iffsf nflu &% k|ltzt ;/ sf/ n] / @% k|ltzt a} +sn] Joxf] g] { ePsf] 5 . Tof] @% k|ltztsf] ;'/ Iff klg 3/ hUuf lwtf] / fVg] .

hgtfn] ltg{ ;Sb} g, To;} n] % k|ltzt ;x'lnot lbg] ;'lglZrttf ePsf] 5 . a} +sx¿n] klg sxfF ;d: of 5g\ xfdL km'sfpg tof/ 5f} + eGg] atfPsf 5g\ .

afFsL k[i7 (df

;x'lnot shf{ # nfv ?k} ofF;Dd pknAw u/ fpg

/ fi6« a} +s, cy{ dGqfno, a} +s;{ P;f] l;P;g;Fu 5nkmn u/ ] sf 5f} + . C0f 8'Ag ;S5 eg] / ;'/ Iffsf] 1f/ ] G6L u/ ] sf 5f} + .

8 k'glg{df{0f

/ fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/ 0f lgb] {zs ;ldltsf] a}zfv @@ ut]sf] a} 7sn] cfufdL cfly{s jif{df k'glg{df{0f tyf k'g: yf{kgfsf sfo{ ug{ ! ;o %^ ca{ ?lkofFsf] ah] 6 : jLs[t u/ ] sf] 5 . a} 7sdf k|flws/ 0fn] k'glg{df{0f tyf k'g: yf{kgf;DaGwL k~rjifL{o of] hgf sfof{Gjogsf nflu o;cl3 lgwf{l/ t s'n ?= ( va{ #* ca{ a/ fa/ sf] ljQLo cfjZostfnfO{ k'g/ fjnf] sg u/ L g] kfn ;/ sf/ sf] ah] 6/ L k|0ffnLaf6 g] kfn ;/ sf/ Pj+ bft[lgsfosf] ;|f] t;d] t u/ L s'n ?= ^ va{ #) ca{ a/ fa/ sf] ljQLo ;|f] t kl/ rfng ug] { k|: tfj hfgsf/ L u/ fPsf] lyof] .

a} 7sdf k|: t't ljQLo of] hgfsf] vfsfnfO{ cfwf/ dfgL cfufdL jif{sf] ah] 6 tyf sfo{qmd th{'df ug] { lg0f{o ePsf] 5 . a} 7sdf k|wfgdGqL s] kL zdf{ cf] nLn] kl5Nnf] ;do k'glg{df{0fsf] sfo{ tLj|¿kdf eO/ x] sf] atfpFb} afFsL sfd klg

/ fd|f] ug{ lgb] {zg lbP . cy{dGqL 8f= o'j/ fh vltj8fn] k'glg{df{0f

/ k'g: yf{kgf sfo{sf nflu cfjZos kg] { yk ah] 6 Joj: yfkg ug{ ljleGg bft[lgsfo;Fu k/ fdz{ cl3 a9fPsf] / pgLx¿ ;sf/ fTds

/ x] sf] hfgsf/ L lbPsf lyP .g] kfn ;/ sf/ dfkm{t k'glg{df{0f tyf

k'g: yf{kgfdf rfn' cfly{s jif{sf] ;+zf] lwt cg'dfg;lxt ?=@ va{ (! ca{ ?lkofF vr{ x'g] 5 . To; cltl/ Qm ljleGg u} / ;/ sf/ L ;+: yf

cfufdL jif{sf nflu ! va{ %^ ca{ ah] 6/fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/0f lgb]{zs ;ldltsf] a}7s


9k'glg{df{0f

a} +snfO{ ;xhLs/ 0f ug{ / lhNnfdf klg ;xhtfsf nflu k|fljlws 6f] nLsf] Joj: yf u/ ] sf 5f} + . s] xL ;d: of x'Fbf Tof] 6f] nLn] ufF7f] km'sfpF5 .

e"sDkkl5 k'glg{df{0f;Fu ;DalGwt P] g nfu" ePsf] ;f9] # jif{ laTof] . P] gn] k'glg{df{0fsf] ;do cjlw % jif{;Ddsf] lbPsf] 5 . afFsL cjlwdf k'glg{df{0fsf] sfd ;lsG5 <

;/ sf/ n] rfx] df Ps jif{ yKg ;Sg] P] gdf Joj: yf 5 . lghL cfjf;df sl/ a *) k|ltzt ;lsO;s] sf] 5 . lzIfftkm{ *% k|ltzt a/ fa/ sf] k|ult 5 . : jf: Yotkm{ %$ k|ltzt ;DkGg eO;s] sf] 5 . ca afFsL cjlwdf lghL cjf;, lzIff : jf: Yosf] sfd ;DkGg x'G5 . 7"nf] If] q eg] sf] k'/ ftflTjs ;Dkbf x'g\ .

;Dkbfx¿sf] k'glg{df{0fsf lglDt df} lns ;+: s[lt, snf / lgdf{0f ;fdu|Ls} k|of] u ug{'kg] { . ToxLcg';f/ agfpg'kg] { eP/ klg xtf/ f] ubf{ df} lns ;DklQ u'Dg] vt/ f x'G5 . ToxL eP/ xtf/ f] gu/ f} +, xtf/ f] u/ ] / df} lns ;DklQ u'Dg] vt/ f x'G5 . of] hgfa4 ¿kdf sfd u/ f} + t/ s] xL l9nfO x'g ;S5 . k|flws/ 0feGbf klg k'/ ftTj ljefuaf6 ;Dkbfsf] sfd x'g] xf] . k'glg{df{0fsf] ;do klg ;f] xLcg';f/ lge{/ x'G5 .

;Dkbfafx] s ;a} If] qsf] k'glg{df{0f ;lsG5 eGg'eof] t/ sl/ a ^) xhf/ kl/ jf/ ;Fu cg'bfg ;Demf} tf x'g ;s] sf] 5} g lg <

cg'bfg ;Demf} tf x'g g;Sg'sf b'O{ sf/ 0f 5g\ . Pp6f l;Gw'nL, lrtjg, dsjfgk'/ nufot lhNnfx¿df e"ldxLgx¿sf] 7"nf] ;+Vof 5 . clxn] 6'+uf] nufPsf 5f} + . 6'+uf] nflu;s] sfdf qmdzM ;Demf} tf cl3 al9/ x] sf] 5 . cGo 7fpFdf 3/ ePsf klg nfeu|fxL ;"rLdf ePsfn] ;Demf} tf x'g ;s] sf] 5} g . To: tfsf] u'gf;f] 5 .

u'gf;f] ;'g'jfO klg rfF8} ;Sb} 5f} + . cGoq 3/ ePsfsf] xsdf nfeu|fxLsf] ;"rLaf6 x6fpF5f} + . o;af6 xfdLnfO{ kf7 ePsf] 5 . olb xfdLn] ;'?df Psd'i6 / sd lbPsf] eP lghL 3/ olt aGg] lyPgg\ . # nfv ?k} ofF Psd'i6 afF8] sf] eP To;n] 8/ nfUbf] cj: yf l;h{gf x'GYof] . tLg ls: tfdf cg'bfg afF8] sfn] k|lqmof k"/ f u/ L cg'bfg lng w] / } n] 3/ agfP .

;Dkbf dfq} afFsL eof] eg] k|flws/ 0fsf] ;+/ rgf cfjZos knf{ ls gknf{ <

gkg{ klg ;S5 . k|flws/ 0f lglZrt cjlwsf nflu ag] sf] ;+/ rgf xf] . eljiodf klg ljkt\ cfpg ;S5 . k"j{tof/ L klg lgoldt ¿kdf ug{ h?/ L 5 . To: tf] s] xL eof] eg] k'glg{df{0fsf] sfd ;fdflhs klxrfgaf6 ug{'k5{ eGg] ;f] rrflxF / fVg'k5{ .

To;sf lglDt clxn] / fli6«o ljkt\ Joj: yfkg P] g cfO;s] sf] 5 . To;sf] l5§} g} kbk"lt{ u/ L sfd cufl8 a9\g] cj: yf 5 . k|flws/ 0f g/ x] klg ef] lnsf] ;Defljt ljkt\ Joj: yfkgsf k"j{tof/ Lsf lglDt xfn k|fKt u/ ] sf] cg'ej / ;LknfO{ lbuf] lx;fan] / fVg'k5{ . To;sf nflu k|flws/ 0fn] ljkt\ Joj: yfkg;Fu hf] 8] / / fVg'k5{ .

k'glg{df{0faf/ ] afFsL s] xL eGg' 5 <k'glg{df{0fsf] ;kmn gd'gf xfdL

;+;f/ nfO{ b] vfpg] cj: yfdf k'u] sf 5f} + . xfd|f] cfufdL k': tfnfO{ klg b] vfpFb} 5f} + . k'glg{df{0fdf c;kmn eP/ xfdL xfO6L x'g] kf] xf] ls eGg] cfz+sf lyof] . e"sDknuQ} d'n's / fhgLlts cl: y/ tfsf] kl/ j] zaf6 u'h|] sf] lyof] . To;n] uGhfuf] nsf] cj: yf l;h{gf ePsfn] k'glg{df{0f nyfln+u x'g] l: ylt klg lyof] .

xfdLn] h'g gLlt, ljlw / k|lqmof ;'?b] lv cjnDag u/ ] / cl3 a9\of} +, To;n] k'glg{df{0fsf] sfd ;DkGg x'g] lbzfdf cl3 a9\of] . aLrdf / fhgLlts cl: y/ tf / g] t[Tj kl/ jt{g eP klg d"ne"t ¿kdf xfd|f] gLltnfO{ ;dft] / cl3 al9/ x] sf 5f} + . ;+qmd0f eP klg d"n gLltnfO{ ;dft] / cl3 a9\g] cj: yfn] k'glg{df{0fn] ult lnof] / kl/ 0ffd klg lbFb} uof] .

ljutdf Psd'i6 ¿kdf # nfv ?k} ofF / sd hgtfnfO{ afF8f} + eGg] vfnsf] ljifo klg cfof] . ;+;b\ #÷ $ lbg;Dd o;} ljifodf clNemof] . o;n] ;d: of l;h{gf ug{ ;S5, k} ;fn] dfq 3/ aGb} g, o;sf ;fydf y'k|} cfwf/ tof/ ug{'k5{ eg] / d cfkm} +n] eg] sf] lyPF . o; ljifodf xfdLn] ;+;2] lv sof} + lgsfonfO{ … slGeG;Ú u/ fof} + / tLg ls: tfdf hfg] ljifodf cl3 a9\of} + . rLgnfO{ 5f] 8] / ef/ t, kfls: tfg / cGo e"sDk uPsf d'n'ssf] t'ngfdf k'glg{df{0f sfo{df xfdL klxnf] : yfgdf 5f} + .

sflGtk'/ – j} zfv !@

Pj+ lghL If] qx¿af6 k'glg{df{0f tyf k'g: yf{kgfsf sfo{ eO/ x] sf 5g\ .

/ fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/ 0fsf k|d'v sfo{sf/ L clws[t ;'zLn 1jfnLn] k'glg{df{0f sfo{n] ult lnPsf] eGb} afFsL sfo{ ;DkGg x'g] cjlw ah] 6 kl/ rfngdf e/ kg] { atfPsf lyP . … k|flws/ 0fsf] sfo{sfn ca @) dlxgf afFsL 5 . ;f] cjlwdf k'glg{df{0fsf d"ne"t sfo{x¿ ;Sg] 5f} F t/ / fHosf] ah] 6sf] ;LdfnfO{ ljz] if Wofgdf / fv] / xfdLn] ;du| k'glg{df{0f tyf k'g: yf{kgf sfo{sf nflu ah] 6 k|: tfj k] z u/ ] sf 5f} F,Ú 1jfnLn] eg] .

k|flws/ 0f ;dofjlw a9fpg] kIfdf g/ x] sf] : ki6 kfb} { 1jfnLn] k|fljlws sf/ 0fn] s] xL sfd afFsL / x] ;/ sf/ sf ;DalGwt lgsfox¿nfO{ jf ca u7g x'g] / fli6«o ljkb\ Joj: yfkg k|flws/ 0fnfO{ x: tfGt/ 0f ug{ ;lsg] atfP .

k|flws/ 0fåf/ f k|: t't lj: t[t sfo{of] hgfdf lghL cfjf;, lzIf0f ;+: yf, : jf: Yo ;+: yfnufotsf If] qdf afFsL / x] sf k'glg{df{0fsf sfo{ ;DkGg ug{'sf ;fy} : yfgLo ;/ sf/ nfO{ k'glg{df{0f sfo{df ;+nUg u/ fpFb} ljkb\ Joj: yfkg If] qdf ;Ifd agfpg] , sf7df8f} F pkTosfnufot e"sDk k|efljt If] qleq / x] sf ljZj ;Dkbf If] q Pj+ k/ Dk/ fut a: tLx¿sf] k'glg{df{0f tyf ;+/ If0f ug] { 5g\ . o: t} e"sDk k|efljt If] qdf cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs k'g: yf{kgfsf sfo{qmdx¿ ;~rfng ug] {, k|flws/ 0fsf] kxndf sDtLdf &% j6f PsLs[t a: tL k'glg{df{0f ;DkGg ug] { tyf hf] lvdo'Qm a: tLx¿ ;+/ If0f ug] {nufotsf of] hgf ;d] l6Psf] 5 .

a} 7sdf k|d'v sfo{sf/ L clws[t 1jfnLn] k'glg{df{0f tyf k'g: yf{kgfdf xfn;Dd ePsf pknlAw k] z u/ ] sf lyP . h;cg';f/ lgdf{0f ;DkGg / lgdf{0ffwLg u/ L lghL cfjf;tkm{ *! k|ltzt, ljBfnotkm{ ** k|ltzt, : jf: Yo ;+: yftkm{ ^^ k|ltzt, k'/ ftflTjs ;Dkbftkm{ %( k|ltzt, ;'/ Iff lgsfosf ejgtkm{ %^ k|ltzt / ;/ sf/ L ejgtkm{ (* k|ltzt k|ult xfl;n ePsf] 5 .

k|d'v sfo{sf/ L clws[t 1jfnLn] kl5Nnf] r/ 0fdf ›'t ultdf k'glg{df{0fsf sfd eO/ x] sfn] afFsL ;+/ rgf k'glg{df{0f sfo{ Pskl5 csf] { u/ L ;DkGg x'Fb} hfg] hfgsf/ L lbP .

10 k'glg{df{0f

:ynut

11k'glg{df{0f

Ao'Fltof] af/ kfse'OFrfnf] nuQ} k/ Dk/ f hf] ufP/ ufpFnfO{ k'/ fg} : j¿kdf kmsf{pg] ls

cfw'lgs / alnof] 3/ agfpg] eGg] ax; gePsf] xf] Og . t/ clwsf+zn] alnof] 3/ d} hf] 8 lbPkl5 af/ kfssf] : j¿k ablnPsf] xf] .

12 k'glg{df{0f

j} zfv !@ – cfhs} lbg cyf{t !@ j} zfv, @)&@ sf] e'OFrfnf] sf] s] G›ljGb' lyof] af/ kfs . &=^ / ] S6/ : s] nsf] e'OFrfnf] n] o;/ L xNnfof] , af/ kfssf ! xhf/ # ;oeGbf a9L 3/ dWo] @–$ afx] s ;a} 9n] , &@ hgfn] t Hofg} u'dfP . af/ kfsdfq xf] Og, To; e'OFrfnf] sf] k|efj b] ze/ g} / Xof] . dWo g] kfnsf kxf8L lhNnfsf t * xhf/ ( ;o &) hgfn] Hofg u'dfP eg] @@ xhf/ eGbf a9L 3fOt] eP . em08} * nfv lghL 3/ Wj: t eP eg] ;of}+sf] ;ª\Vofdf ;/ sf/ L ejg, : s'n, : jf: Yo ;+/ rgf / ;of}+ ;f+: s[lts w/ f] x/ w/ fzfoL eP . 7"nf] Iflt t eof] g} , g] kfnsf] cfly{s l: yltdf klg g/ fd|f] k|efj k¥of] .

clxn] $ jif{kl5 e'OFrfnf] sf] s] G›ljGb' af/ kfs Ao'FltPsf] 5 . ;/ sf/ n] k'glg{df{0f / k'g: yf{kgfsf nflu k|flws/ 0f u7g ug{'cufl8 g} af/ kfssf afl;Gbfn] cf–cfˆgf 3/ agfpg yfn] sf lyP . clxn] af/ kfsn] gofF ¿k kfPsf] 5 . ! xhf/ ( ;o ld6/ prfOdf cjl: yt 9'ª\ufsf] uf/ f] / sfnf] : n] 6sf] 5fgf] / fv] / agfOPsf 3/ x¿, Pp6f pRr y'Dsf] df em'?Kk / x] sf] af/ kfssf] klxrfg leGg lyof] klxn] . clxn] eg] klxrfg km] l/ Psf] 5 .

e'OFrfnf] nuQ} k/ Dk/ f hf] ufP/ ufpFnfO{ k'/ fg} : j¿kdf kmsf{pg] ls cfw'lgs / alnof] 3/ agfpg] eGg] ax; gePsf] xf] Og .

t/ clwsf+zn] alnof] 3/ d} hf] 8 lbPkl5 af/ kfssf] : j¿k ablnPsf] xf] . klxn] … ANofs len] hÚ eg] / lrlgPsf] af/ kfs clxn] lgnf]

klxn] ;a} sf] ;dfg lsl;dsf 3/ lyP, wgL–ul/ a 5'6\ofpg ufx|f] x'GYof] . clxn]

x'g] n] bzf} F nfv ;sfP/ 3/ agfPsf 5g\, gx'g] sf] xfnt

eg] p: t} 5 .

13k'glg{df{0f

5fgf 5fPsf] 3/ x¿n] / ª\uLrª\uL b] lvPsf] 5 .af/ kfs ;'lnsf] 6 ufpFkflnsf–! sf

cWoIf / f] zgs'df/ lassf cg';f/ af/ kfssf em08} ** k|ltzt 3/ alg;s] sf 5g\ eg] c? 3/ aGg] qmddf 5g\ . sltkon] eg] / sd hf] xf] ug{ g;s] sf sf/ 0f cem} klg 3/ agfpg ;'? ug{ ;s] sf 5} gg\ . pgLx¿ ;xof] usf] k|tLIffdf 5g\ .

a] nfotsf] uf] vf{ ;] gfdf / x] / axfb'/ Lsf] pRr ;Ddfg leS6f] l/ of qm; kfpg] uh] 3n] sf] ufpFsf ¿kdf klg lrlgG5 af/ kfs . oxfFsf clwsf+z afl;Gbf cfly{s ¿kn] ;jn / x] sf sf/ 0f klg 3/ x¿ k'glg{df{0f ug{ Tolt cK7] / f] gePsf] : yfgLo afl;Gbf atfpF5g\ . ;/ sf/ n]

lbPsf] # nfv cg'bfgeGbf w] / } g} vr{ u/ ] / clxn] oxfFsf 3/ 7l8Psf 5g\ .

klxn] klg af/ kfs k'u] sf / kmf] 6fx¿df af/ kfssf] k'/ fgf] ¿k b] v] sf JolQmx¿ k'/ fg} : j¿kn] ko{6s cfslif{t ug] { atfpg] u/ ] sf 5g\ . oxfF clxn] klg xhf/ f} F ko{6s k'Ug] u/ ] sf 5g\ . dgf: n' lxdfnlt/ 6«] sdf hfg] ko{6ssf] af6f] xf] af/ kfs . t/ e'OFrfnf] kl5 ufpFdf @–$ slª\qm6 3/ x¿dfq 7l8Psf] b] v] sf : yfgLo afl;Gbf eg] ;'/ lIft 3/ aGg'k5{ eGg] ;f] rd} b] lvP . … klxn] ;a} sf] ;dfg lsl;dsf 3/ lyP, wgL–ul/ a 5'6\ofpg ufx|f] x'GYof] ,Ú af/ kfs ;'lnsf] 6 ufpFkflnsf–@ sf cWoIf nfnaxfb'/

u'?ª eG5g\, ‘clxn] x'g] n] bzf} F nfv ;sfP/ 3/ agfPsf 5g\, gx'g] sf] xfnt eg] p: t} 5 .’

t} klg w] / } sf] egfO eg] ;'/ lIft / xg] eGg] g} 5 . af/ kfsn] k'/ fgf] klxrfg t u'dfPsf] 5 t/ clxn] alnof 3/ 7l8Psf 5g\ . sltko : yfgLo afl;Gbfdf klxn] h: t} ko{6s gcfpg] xf] ls eGg] lrGtf 5 . t/ af/ kfs ;'lnsf] 6 ufpFkflnsfsf cWoIf lji0f' e§sf] leGb} ts{ 5, … clxn] sf] d'Vo s'/ f eg] sf] ;'/ lIft cfjf; g} xf] .Ú pgsf cg';f/ ko{6s t km] l/ klg cfpg] g} 5g\ t/ km/ s sf/ 0fn] – klxn] k/ Dk/ fut 3n] x¿sf] ufpF x] g{ eg] / cfpFy] eg] ca @)&@ sf] e'OFrfnf] sf] s] G›ljGb'sf ¿kdf .

tl:a/x? M rGb|z]v/ sfsL{

14 k'glg{df{0f

�� bLks ;fksf] 6f

l;Gw'kfNrf] ssf] lxdfnL ufpFkflnsf x] nDa' sf7df8f} Faf6 hlt glhs 5 Tolt ljs6 klg . avf{ nfu] kl5sf #÷$ dlxgf ;8sdf uf8L u'8\g ;Sb} g . To: tf] df ;fdfg 9'jfgL ug{ sl7gfO . lr;f] sf dlxgf l;d] G6 ;] 6 x'g sl7gfO . To;} n] 3/ agfpg] ;do eg] sf] kmfu'gsf] cGTob] lv h] 7 cGTo;Dd dfq xf] . t/ oL ;d: ofsf afah'b x] nDa' lghL cfjf; / ljBfnosf] k'glg{df{0fdf ;Gtf] ifhgs ult NofP/ km] l/ / f} gs kmsf{O/ x] sf] 5 . x] nDa'–! sf j8fWoIf ldª\df/ nfdfsf cg';f/ ! gDa/ j8fsf ;Demf} tf u/ ] sf * ;o *@ nfeu|fxLdWo] $ ;o *) hgfn] t] ;|f] ls: tf

lnO;s] sf 5g\ . bf] ;|f] ls: tf lng] nfeu|fxLsf] ;ª\Vof & ;o #^ 5 .

j8fWoIf nfdfsf cg';f/ nfeu|fxLsf] hUuf cefj, j] b} lzs / f] huf/ Ldf uPsf nfeu|fxL, nfeu|fxLsf] cfly{s cefjnufotsf sf/ 0fn] s] xL nfeu|fxLn] cem} 3/ lgdf{0f ;'? ug{ ;s] sf 5} gg\ . tyflk 3/ lgdf{0fsf nflu udL{ df} ;d s'l/ / x] sf nfeu|fxLn] 3/ lgdf{0f ;'? u/ ] @)&^ c;f/ d;fGt;Dddf w] / } 3/ alg;Sg] pgsf] cfzf 5 .

;f] xL j8fdf e] l6P k|flws/ 0faf6 vl6Psf OlGhlgo/ gf/ fo0f clwsf/ L . k|flws/ 0fn] v6fPb] lv g} ;f] xL If] qdf sfo{/ t t/ fO{sf] lhNnf wg'iffsf clwsf/ LnfO{ ljs6 lxdfnL

lhNnfdf ;] jf ug{ kfpFbf ;Gt'li6 g} ldn] sf] / x] 5 . clwsf/ Lsf cg';f/ Xof] Ndf] hfltsf] ;f+: s[lts k/ Dk/ fcg';f/ 7"nf] cfsf/ sf sf] 7f agfpg] k|rng ePsf] / To: tf] cfsf/ sf] 3/ agfpFbf vr{ klg a9L nfUg] ePsf sf/ 0f vr{sf] hf] xf] ug{ ;do nfu] sfn] 3/ lgdf{0fdf l9nfO ePsf] 5 .

x] nDa'sf] : o'u] G5] df 3/ lgdf{0f ul/ / x] sf %# jifL{o l;tf/ nfdfn] t] ;|f] ls: tf lnO;s] . nfdf 3/ lgdf{0f ;s] / l56f] eGbf l56f] gofF 3/ df ;g{ cft'/ 5g\ . pgn] OlGhlgo/ sf] ;Nnfxdf tflnd k|fKt 8sdL{ nufP/ cfˆgf] ;f+: s[lts cfjZostfcg';f/ 7"nf] cfsf/ sf sf] 7f ePsf] 3/ lgdf{0f u/ ] sf 5g\ . … 7"nf] cfsf/ sf sf] 7f

/ f} gs kmsf{pFb} 5

x] nDa' If] q lghL cfjf; k'glg{df{0fsf] d} hf/ f] ug{lt/ cl3 a9] sf] 5 . lghL cfjf; ;s] / : yfgLoaf;L lgoldt hLjgdf kms{g yfn] sf 5g\ .

x] nDa'

15k'glg{df{0f

rflxg] / 9'jfgL ug{ dxFuf] kg] { ePsf sf/ 0f clnslt l9nf x'g uof] . ca l56f] eGbf l56f] sfd ;s] / gofF 3/ df ;5{'Ú – pgn] ;'gfP .

x] nDa' k'Ubf ToxfFsf cfjf;nufotsf ;+/ rgf k'glg{df{0fdf klZrdsf g] kfnL bfh'efO klg e] l6P . ?s'dsf] ;fgLe] / L–!, cd{sf dgaxfb'/ / f] sf $ dlxgfb] lv : o'u] G5] df 3/ agfO/ x] sf 5g\ . / f] sfh: tf dhb"/ n] b'O{k6s vfgf / Psk6s vfhf;lxt lbgsf] * ;ob] lv !@ ;o ?lkofF;Dd kfpF5g\ .

l;Gw'kfNrf] ssf] ;a} eGbf pQ/ sf a: tLx¿dWo] Ps d] nDrL£ofª ko{6sLo If] q xf] . vf;u/ L nfª6fª If] qdf 6] «lsª ug{ ?rfpg] ljb] zL ko{6ssf nflu of] sd;] sd Ps / ft latfpg] : yfg xf] . e"sDkkl5sf b'O{ jif{ t oxfFsf] ko{6g 7Kk} eof] . oxfFsf ;a} h;f] 3/ elTsPsf lyP . t/ ca nueu cfwfeGbf a9L 3/ k'glg{df{0f eO;s] sf 5g\ / la: tf/ } ko{6g

tl:a/x? M rGb|z]v/ sfsL{

16 k'glg{df{0f16 k'glg{df{0f

Joj;fo k'g: yf{kgf eO;s] sf] 5 .jfON8 Eo' gfds xf] 6n ;~rfng ul/ / x] sL

l;nL 8f] Ndf 3n] 9'jfgL vr{ dxFuf] / d] nDrL vf] nfdfly kSsL k'n cefjsf sf/ 0f ;fdfg 9'jfgL ug{ sl7gfO ePsf] atfpFb} elG5g\– oxL sf/ 0f d] / f] 3/ / xf] 6n k'glg{df{0f ug{ l9nf] eof] .

… b'Mv;'v u/ ] / xfdLn] k'glg{df{0f u¥of} F / ko{6sx¿ km] l/ cfpg yfn] sf 5g\ . #–$ jif{df t 3/ agfpg nfu] sf] C0f ltg{ ;lsG5 xf] nf .Ú

x] nDa's} t] Dafyfªdf $) nfeu|fxL ldn] / PsLs[t a: tL lgdf{0f u/ ] sf 5g\ . yk $ j6f 3/ k'glg{df{0f x'g] 5g\ . a: tLdf / x] sf 3/ sf] k'glg{df{0f ;lsPsf] 5 / uf] / vf e"sDksf] : d[lt lbg jl/ kl/ kf/ ] / Ps sfo{qmd u/ L x: tfGt/ 0f ug] { tof/ L ePsf] 5 . hLljsf] kfh{gsf nflu a: tLdf $ j6f xf] d: 6] vf] Ng] of] hgfdf ;d] t 5g\ : yfgLo .

o;n] cfGtl/ s tyf afXo ko{6snfO{ ;xh x'g] ko{6g Joj;fodf ;lqmo tyf a: tLsf Ps nfeu|fxL ;fË] nfdfsf] ljZjf; 5 . $@ / f] kgLdf

km} lnPsf] a: tL / fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/ 0f, x] nDa' ufpFkflnsf, cS;kmfd, hglxt u|fdL0f ;] jf ;ldlt tyf : yfgLosf] kxndf ag] sf] xf] .

x] nDa'df lghL cfjf;sf cltl/ Qm ljBfno ejg lgdf{0f klg cufl8 al9/ x] sf] 5 . x] nDa'–! sf j8fWoIf ldª\df/ nfdfsf cg';f/ pgsf] j8fdf ^ j6f ljBfnosf] k'glg{df{0f ;DkGg eO;s] sf] 5 . sfl/ tf;sf] ;xof] udf ag] sf] x] nDa'–! ltDa'l: yt uf] Ndfb] jL dfWolds ljBfnosf] k'gM lgld{t ejg x] bf{ sf7df8f} Fsf] : t/ Lo ljBfnoh: tf] nfU5 . ! ;o (( ljBfyL{ cWoog/ t\ o; ljBfnodf 5fq / 5fqfsf nflu cnucnu 5fqfaf;sf] ;d] t Joj: yf 5 .

Xof] Ndf] hfltsf] ;f+: s[lts k/ Dk/ fcg';f/ 7"nf] cfsf/ sf sf] 7f agfpg] k|rng ePsf] / To: tf] cfsf/ sf] 3/ agfpFbf vr{ klg a9L nfUg] ePsf sf/ 0f vr{sf] hf] xf] ug{ ;do nfu] sfn] 3/ lgdf{0fdf

l9nfO ePsf] 5 .– gf/fo0f clwsf/L, Ol~hlgo/

x] nDa'sf] : o'u] G5] df 3/ lgdf{0f ul/ / x] sf %# jifL{o l;tf/ nfdfn] t] ;|f] ls: tf lnO;s] . nfdf 3/ lgdf{0f ;s] / l56f] eGbf l56f] gofF 3/ df ;g{ cft'/ 5g\ .

17k'glg{df{0f 17k'glg{df{0f

o;af6 6f9fsf afnaflnsfnfO{ ljBfno 5fqfaf;df a;] / cWoog ug] { df} sf ldn] sf] 5 . lzIfs cf] dk|sfz 9'ª\u] nn] gofF ljBfno ejg ag] kl5 ljBfyL{sf] l;sfO cle?lr a9] sf] / uon x'g] k|j[lQdf klg sdL cfPsf] hfgsf/ L lbP . ptf l;Gw'kfNrf] sd} rlr{t d] nDrL£ofªl: yt d] nDrL£ofª ljBfnosf] !! sf] 7] ejg k'glg{df{0f eO/ x] sf] 5 . sfl/ tf;sf] ;xof] udf k'glg{df{0f eO/ x] sf] ejg ;DkGg ePkl5 oxfF cWoog/ t\ @ ;o *% ljBfyL{nfO{ 7"nf] / fxt ldNg] k|wfgfWofks k"0f{axfb'/ uf} td atfpF5g\ .

x] nDa' If] q lghL cfjf; k'glg{df{0fsf] d} hf/ f] ug{lt/ cl3 a9] sf] 5 . lghL cfjf; ;s] / : yfgLoaf;L lgoldt hLjgdf kms{g yfn] sf 5g\ . ko{6gsf] / f} gs kms{+b} 5 . s'g} a] nf : ofpsf nflu rlr{t : yfgLo km] l/ : ofpsf gofF af] 6 x'sf{pg yfn] sf 5g\ . lsaL v] tL / / ] Gaf] 6«fp6 kfngdfkm{t\ hLljsf] kfh{gsf gofF pkfo klg vf] Hb} 5g\ .

x]nDa'sf] z]df{yfªl:yt b'O{ u'Dafx? @)&@ sf] e"sDkdf IftLu|:t ePsf lyP . tL u'Dafx? clxn] klg lgdf{0fsf] kvf{Odf 5g\ .

18 k'glg{df{0f

gofF :s'n

�� tl:a/x? M rGb|z]v/ sfsL{

x] nDa'–! ltDa'l: yt uf] Ndfb] jL dfWolds ljBfnosf] k'glg{ld{t ejg x] bf{ sf7df8f} +sf] s'g} : t/ Lo ljBfnodf k'u] h: tf] nfU5 . sfl/ tf; l: jh/ Nof08 / x] Ne] 6f; l: j; OG6/ skf] {/ ] ;gsf] # s/ f] 8 #$ nfv ?k} ofF ;xof] udf ljBfnosf !@ sIffsf] 7fsf rf/ j6f Jnsx¿, zf} rfno Jns k'glg{df{0f ul/ Psf] xf] . @)&@ ;fnsf] e"sDkaf6 Ifltu|: t k'/ fgf] ejgsf] 7fpFdf zf} rfno, v] ns'b d} bfg tyf vfg] kfgLsf] Joj: yf;lxt

;'ljwf;DkGg cfw'lgs ejgx¿ agfOPsf 5g\ .ljBfnodf ! ;o (( hgf 5fq5fqf

cWoog/ t\ 5g\ . 6f9f6f9fsf ljBfyL{sf nflu ljBfnodf 5fq / 5fqfsf nflu cnu–cnu 5fqfaf;sf] Joj: yf 5 . 5fqfaf;sf sf/ 0f ljBfnoaf6 6f9f a: g] afnaflnsfx¿n] b"/ Ls} sf/ 0f k9fO{ 5f] 8\g' kg] { cj: yf cGTo ePsf] 5 . ljBfnosf lzIfs cf] dk|sfz 9'+u] nsf cg';f/ gofF ljBfno ejg ag] kl5 ljBfyL{sf] l;sfO{ cle?rL a9] sf] / uon x'g] k|j[lQdf klg sdL cfPsf] 5 .

k'/fgf] :s'nsf] gofF :j?k

19k'glg{df{0f

lghL cfjf; cg'bfg ljt/0f

20 k'glg{df{0f

tYo tYof+s

lghL cfjf; k'glg{df{0f

k'glg{df{0fdf kl5Nnf] k|ult

u'gf;f] Joj:yfkg

lgdf{0f ;DkGg

lgdf{0ffwLg

bf];|f] ls:tfsf] nflu lgj]bg lbg] 583,088

bf];|f] ls:tfsf] nflu k|df0fLs/0f ul/Psf 579,976

t];|f] ls:tfsf] nflu lgj]bg lbg] 426,308

t];|f] ls:tfsf] nflu k|df0fLs/0f ul/Psf 423,602

btf{ ePsf

237,085

k'gM ;j]{If0f ul/Psf

129,408

km5\of}{6 ePsf

205,584

c=k|= – clt k|efljt !$ lhNnfs=k|= – sd k|efljt !* lhNnf

/fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/0fl;+xb/af/, sf7df8f}+

kmf]g M )!–$@!!$*@, )!–$@!!$^%[email protected] | www.nra.gov.np

j}zfv #!, @)&^ ;Ddsf] tYofÍ

s'n ;e]{If0f3/w'/L

996,582c=k|= 823,460s=k|= 173,122

nfeu|fxL;"rLdf k/]sf825,439c=k|= 724,980

s=k|= 100,459

k|jnLs/0f ;"rLdf k/]sf nfeu|fxL

61,891;Demf}tf 56,766

klxnf] ls:tf 5,125

cg'bfg ;Demf}tf ;DkGg

763,472 c=k|= 669,525

s=k|= 93,947

klxnf] ls:tfljt/0f

759,010c=k|= 666,047

s=k|= 92,963

bf];|f] ls:tfljt/0f

572,010c=k|= 572,010

s=k|= 51,168

t];|f] ls:tfljt/0f

414,364c=k|= 393,503

s=k|= 20,861

383,753

234,191

21k'glg{df{0f

;fj{hlgs ejg

;'/ Iff lgsfo ejg

;fF: s[lts ;Dkbf

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k'glg{df{0f ;DkGg$,!&@

k'glg{df{0f x'Fb} @,%)^

k'glg{df{0f ;DkGg($

k'glg{df{0f x'Fb} !!*

k'glg{df{0f ;DkGg@!@

k'glg{df{0f x'Fb} @@$

k'glg{df{0f ;DkGg&(!

k'glg{df{0f x'Fb} ^&)

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5f] 6f] cjlwsf] tflnd #%,)))

vfg] kfgL k"jf{wf/

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nIo#,@!@

d]nDrL£ofªdfb]zs} gd'gf :s'n

�� tl:a/x? M rGb|z]v/ sfsL{

nfª6fª ko{6sLo If]q tyf l;Gw'kfNrf]ssf] ;a}eGbf pQ/L a:tLx?dWo] Ps d]nDrL£ofªl:yt d]nDrL£ofª ljBfno l;Gw'kfNrf]ss} gd"gf ;fj{hlgs ljBfno xf] . z}lIfs aif{ @)&% sf] cGTolt/ oxfF l;Gw'kfNrf]s;lxt wg'iff, df]/ª, ;f]n'v'Da', bf]nvf, cf]vn9'Ëf, l;Gw'nL, sfe|]knf~rf]s, g'jfsf]6nufot lhNnfsf tLg ;o !( ljBfyL{ cWoog ul//x]sf lyP .

@)&@ ;fnsf] e"sDksf sf/0f o; ljBfno ejgx? k"0f{ ?kdf Ifltu|:t ePsf lyP . To;otf c:yfoL t/ ;'/lIft ;+/rgfdf cWoog–cWofkg eO/x]sf] 5 . ljBfnosf] ejg k'glg{df{0fdf sfl/tf; l:jh/Nof08n] ;xof]u ul//x]sf] 5 . !! sIffsf]7fsf b'O{j6f Ans k'glg{df{0fsf] clGtd r/0fdf 5g\ . ljBfno ejg k'glg{df{0f ;DkGg ePkl5 oxfF cWoog/t\ ljBfyL{nfO{ 7"nf] /fxt ldNg] k|wfgfWofks tyf o; ljBfnosf ;+:yfks k"0f{ axfb'/ uf}td atfpF5g\ .

ljleGg b]zaf6 cfPsf :jo+;]jL lzIfsn] cWofkg u/fpg] o; ljBfnodf g;{/Lb]lv g} c+u|]hL dfWoddf klg k9fO x'G5 . Xof]Ndf] hfltsf] afx'No /x]sfn] sIff kfFr;Dd ltAatL efiff klg k9fOG5 . oxfF 5fqfaf;sf] klg ;'ljwf 5 . 5fqfjf;df a:g]n] vfgf / vfhfafkt lbgsf] *% ?k}ofFdfq lt/] k'U5 .

22 k'glg{df{0f

gofF :s'n

23k'glg{df{0f

24 k'glg{df{0f

e"sDkkLl8t nfeu|fxL ;j{] If0fsf] efjL lbzf;"rgf k|0ffnLsf] k|f/ lDes ljGb' gu/ kflnsf Pj+ ufpFkflnsfdf x'g'k5{ . xfnsf e"sDk clt k|efljt !! lhNnfdf oL ;"rgf ;ª\sng eO;s] sfn] tLcGtu{tsf gu/ klnsf Pj+ ufpFkflnsfx¿n] ;f] xL 8f6fa] ; k|of] u ug{ ;S5g\ .

�� 8f= rGb|axfb'/ >] i7

kl/ ro;fdflhs tyf / fhgLlts If] qaf6

k'glg{df{0f k|flws/ 0fsf] ;du| lqmofsnfk To;df klg lghL cfjf;sf] If] qdf Hofb} ;': t ultdf k|ult eO/ x] sf] eGg] u'gf;f af/ Daf/ cfO/ x] s} 5g\ . o; ;DaGwdf j: t'k/ s 9ª\uaf6 : j: y ljrf/ ljdz{ x'g' clt cfjZos 5 . l9nf x'g'sf sf/ 0fx¿ klxrfg ePdf eljiodf o; k|sf/ sf ;': ttfaf6 k'glg{df{0fnfO{ hf] ufpg ;lsg] 5 . o; cfn] vdf lghL cfjf; k'glg{df{0fsf nflu ul/ Psf] ;j{] If0f / ;f] sf nflu nfu] sf] ;doaf/ ] j: t'ut tYox¿ phfu/ ug{] k|of; ul/ Psf] 5 . o;sf ;fy} ljleGg d'n'sn] o; ;DaGwdf ckgfPsf tf} / tl/ sfsf cfwf/ df eljiodf o: tf] cj: yfdf s: tf] k|lqmofaf6 cufl8 hfg pko'Qm x'G5 eGg] af/ ] df ;d] t ljj] rgf ul/ Psf] 5 . o;af6 cfufdL lbgx¿df ;do / ;|f] tsf] plrt pkof] u x'g hfg] cfzf lnOPsf] 5 .

k[i7e"ld@)&@ j} zfv !@ sf] e"sDkkZrft

k|efljt ;+/ rgfx¿sf] k'glg{df{0f ug{sf nflu ;f] xL ;fnsf] k'; % ut] Joj: yf ePsf] P] geGbf cufl8 g} } g] kfn ;/ sf/ n] s] xL bft[ lgsfo;Fu ljleGg sfo{sf nflu ;Demf} tf ;DkGg ul/ ;s] sf] lyof] . @)&@ c;f/ d} g] kfn ;/ sf/ / ljZj a} ª\saLr lghL cfjf; lgdf{0fsf nflu em08} !( ca{ ?lkofFsf] ;Demf} tf eof] . of] ;Demf} tf e"sDk clt k|efljt !$ lhNnfdWo] sf %%,))) 3/ nfO{ e"sDkaf6 Ifltu|: t 3/ / ltgsf] Ifltsf] rl/ q;DaGwL ;j{] If0f -Earthquake

Household Damage and Characteristics (EHDC) Survey) sf cfwf/ df k|bfg ul/ g] u/ L ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . ljZj a} ª\s;Fu ePsf] ;Demf} tfnfO{ g} cfwf/ dfg] / cGo bft[lgsfo, h: t} – hfkfg ;/ sf/ tyf cGo låkIfLo, ax'kIfLo Pj+ u} / ;/ sf/ L ;+: yfx¿;Fu ;d] t ;Demf} tf eO{ ;f] xLcg';f/ sf] Joj: yfaf6 cufl8 a9\g] rfFhf] kfFhf] ldnfof] . oltdfq} xf] Og ls g] kfn ;/ sf/ n] k|bfg ug{] ;Dk"0f{ cg'bfgsf] / sd;d] t oxL k|fjwfgcGtu{t / x] / lbg'kg{] l: ylt aGof] .

;j]{sf] cflwsfl/ s ;+: yf ;ª\3Lo dfldnf tyf : yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf nflu s] G›Lo tYofª\s ljefun] tYofª\s ;ª\sng sfo{

ug{] to eof] . of] ;j{] If0fsf] p2] Zo tTsfnLg e"sDksf] cg'bfg ljt/ 0f sfo{dfq} xf] Og ls eljiodf ;d] t o; k|sf/ sf k|fs[lts k|sf] kx¿;Fu ;fdgf ug{sf nflu cfwf/ tof/ ug{] eGg] / Xof] . o; sfo{sf nflu tYofª\s ljefun] u[x dGqfno tyf lhNnf b} jL k|sf] k p¢f/ ;ldlt ;d] tsf] ;xof] u lng] Joj: yf aGof] . o; ;j{] If0fsf d"ne"t p2] Zodf clt k|efljt lhNnfsf lghL cfjf;x¿df ePsf Ifltsf ljj/ 0fx¿ OlGhlgol/ ª dfkb08sf cfwf/ df tof/ kfg{] , s'g} lghL cfjf;df s] xL ;'/ Iffsf] Wofg lbg'kg{] l: ylt 5 eg] ;f] sf] ;"rgf;d] t lbg] , ;Dk"0f{ 3/ sf] ljj/ 0f tyf e"sDkaf6 Ifltu|: t 3/ x¿sf nflu lbg] cg'bfg / sd;d] tsf] tYofª\ssf] ;"rL tof/ kfg{] / k|To] s 3/ sf] ;fdflhs cfly{s tYox¿ ;ª\sng u/ ] / eljiodf xfnsf k|of;x¿sf] k|efjsfl/ tf cWoog ug{] lyP .

of] ;j{] If0f klxnf] r/ 0fdf !! clt e"sDk k|efljt lhNnfsf tTsfnLg %*) uflj; /

@) gu/ klnsfdf ;DkGg ug{] sfo{qmd aGof] . ;j{] If0f 6f] nLdf Ps OlGhlgo/ jf cf] e/ l;o/ tyf Ps ufpF ljsf; ;ldltsf] clwsf/ L jf ;fdflhs kl/ rfns / xg] Joj: yf eof] .

k|ZgfjnLdf ;Dk"0f{ 3/ df hg;flª\VosL ;"rsfÍ, cfwf/ e"t ;fdflhs cfly{s ;"rgfx¿, 3/ sf] Ifltsf] : t/ , ;f] 3/ j/ k/ sf] ef} uf] lns ;'/ Iffsf] l: yltaf/ ] !@ k[i7 nfdf] k|ZgfjnL l8hfOg u/ ] / ;j{] If0f sfo{ ug{ cl3 a9fOof] . x/ ] s 3/ df uP/ pko'Qmadf] lhdsf ;"rgf ;ª\sng ug{] u0fsx¿n] sfd / fd|f] ;Fu u/ ] ÷gu/ ] sf] hfFRg lhNnf: t/ df lhNnf ;j{] If0f ;dGjo ;ldltsf ;b: o / lkmN8 ;'k/ efOh/ x¿sf] ;d] t Joj: yf ul/ of] .

tYofª\s ;ª\sng ug{ x/ ] s u0fsnfO{ Ps 6\ofan] 6sf] Joj: yf ul/ Psf] lyof] / pQm 6\ofan] 6df ;ª\sng ul/ Psf ;"rgfdf lghL 3/ sf kmf] 6f] ;d] t lvr] / / fVg] Joj: yf ldnfOPsf] lyof] . pQm ;"rgf u0fsn] ;f] xL lbgdf g} s] G›Lo ;e{/ df k7fpg'kg{] lgod agfOPsf] lyof] . o;/ L k7fOPsf] ;"rgf s] G›Lo tYofª\s ljefun] ;du|tfdf hfFr k/ v u/ ] / olb s'g} ;"rgf 5'6] sf] / x] 5 eg] k'gM ;DalGwt JolQmsf] Wofgfsif{0f u/ fpg] Joj: yf lyof] . o;/ L tYofÍ ljefun] nfeu|fxLsf] ;"rL hfFr k/ v ul/ ;s] kl5 ;ª\3Lo tyf : yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnodfkm{t\ / fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/ 0faf6 clGtd : jLs[ltkl5 nfeu|fxLnfO{ cg'bfg e'QmfgL ug{ k|flws/ 0fn] ;ª\3Lo tyf : yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnocGtu{tsf] s] G›Lo cfof] hgf sfo{fGjog PsfOdfkm{t ;DalGwt lhNnfdf nfeu|fxLsf] ;"rL k7fP/ cg'bfgsf] / sd e'QmfgL ug{] kl/ kf6L cjnDag ul/ of] . lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] nfeu|fxLsf] ;"rL ufpF÷gu/ kflnsfdf k7fO ;Demf} tf ePkl5 a} ª\sdfkm{t e'QmfgL ug{] kl/ kf6L ljBdfg 5 .

nfeu|fxL ;j{] If0fsf r'gf} tL;g\ @)!% sf] hgj/ Ldf ;'? ePsf] tYofÍ

;ª\sng sl/ a ^ dlxgfkl5 dfq} ;DkGg eof] . cem} pQm ;j{] If0fsf] tof/ Lsf] ;d] t ;do u0fgf ug{] xf] eg] sl/ a ^ dlxgf cltl/ Qm ;do nfu] sf] lyof] . / fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/ 0fn] !!

ljrf/

;j{] If0fsf d"ne"t p2] Zodf clt k|efljt lhNnfsf

lghL cfjf;x¿df ePsf Ifltsf ljj/ 0fx¿

OlGhlgol/ ª dfkb08sf cfwf/ df tof/ kfg{] g} xf] .

25k'glg{df{0f

lhNnfdf census ;j{] If0f u¥of] eg] afFsL @) lhNnfdf klxnf e"sDkkLl8tsf] / fxt kfPsf JolQmx¿ / cg'bfg kfpgsf nflu cfkm" of] Uo 5' egL bfaL ug{] x¿sf] 3/ dfq} ;j{] If0f ul/ of] .

tYofª\s ;ª\sng ug{ cfjZos OlGhlgo/ sf] lj1fkg, 5gf] 6, tflndkZrft\ sfo{If] qdf k7fpFbf;Dd @ dlxgfsf] ;do JotLt x'g] u5{ . lkmN8df OlGhlgo/ x¿ uO;s] kl5 lhNnfaf6 lbOg'kg{] ;fdu|L, ;fdflhs kl/ rfnsx¿sf] pknAwtf / pgLx¿sf] ] cled'vLs/ 0f u/ fP/ ufpF–ufpFdf k7fpFbf sd;] sd # dlxgfsf] ;do nfUg] cg'ejn] b] vfPsf] 5 . OlGhlgo/ tyf ;fdflhs kl/ rfns;d] tsf] 6f] nL ;DalGwt ufpFdf uP tfklg OlGhlgo/ x¿sf] cg'ej o; k|sf/ sf sfddf sdL ePsf] kfOof] . 7"nf] ;ª\Vofdf OlGhlgo/ x¿sf] cfjZostf kg{] ePsf] / clwsf+z OlGhlgo/ cGo If] qdf ;+nUg eO/ x] sf cj: yfdf ev{/ OlGhlgol/ ª pQL0f{ ePsfx¿ 5gf] 6df k/ ] . pgLx¿sf] ejgsf] Iflt klxrfg ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtfdf ;Lldttf x'g] x'Fbf o;af6 7"nf] ;ª\Vofdf u'gf;f] cfpg] ] cj: yf / Xof] .

;j{] If0f 6f] nL ufpF–ufpFdf hfFbf uflj;sf] cl: tTj z"Gok|foM g} lyof] . k|ToIf lgjf{lrt k|ltlglwx¿sf] cefjdf uflj;sf] ;lrjnfO{ g} g] kfn ;/ sf/ n] ;Dk"0f{ clwsf/ k|Tofof] hg u/ ] sf] cj: yf lyof] . uflj; ;lrj;d] t ;DalGwt ufpFdf ga;] / lhNnf ;b/ d'sfddf a: g] cj: yf dfcf] jfbL åGåsf] ;dob] lv g} lyof] . OlGhlgo/ x¿nfO{ afwf c8\rg k/ ] sf] v08df ;f] Wg ;Sg] 7fpF s'g} gePsfn] ;d] t yk ufx|f] x'g uof] .

o;/ L 7"nf] ;ª\Vofdf OlGhlgo/ tyf ;fdflhs kl/ rfnsx¿ k7fpFbf o;df nfUg] vr{ csf] { r'gf} tLsf ¿kdf b] lvof] . o;/ L hgzlQm k7fpFbf k|lt3/ sl/ a !%–!^ ;o ?lkofFsf b/ n] vr{ cfPsf] lyof] .

csf{] r'gf} tL k|ZgfjnLsf] l8hfOgdf klg / Xof] . k|ZgfjnLdf 3/ sf] Ifltsf cltl/ Qm hg;flª\Vos tyf cfkm\g} ;fdflhs ljj/ 0fsf] k|of] u s;n] / s] k|of] hgsf nflu ug{] xf] , ;f] cem} : ki6 5} g . o; ljj/ 0fdf kl/ jf/ sf ;b: ox¿sf] lj: t[t ljj/ 0fb] lv lkpg] kfgL, vfgf ksfpg] OGwg, rkL{nufotsf ljj/ 0f;d] t 5g\ . oL ;"rgfsf] cfjf; cg'bfg;Fu ;DaGw b] lvFb} g . oL k|Zgsf sf/ 0f k|ZgfjnL eg{ w] / } ;do nfUg' : jtM : ki6 g} 5 . Pp6f 6f] nLn] !) j6f 3/ ;Dd ;j{] If0f u/ ] hals oL k|Zg gePsf eP !% j6f 3/ ;Dd ;j{] If0f ug{ ;Sg] l: ylt aGg] lyof] .

ljleGg cj: yfdf ckgfOPsf j} slNks k4ltg] kfnsf] Oltxf;df uPsf @ 7"nf e"sDkdf

lj=;+= !(() sf] dxfe"sDk / lj=;+= @)$% sf] e"sDk k5{g\ . lj=;+= !(() df xfnsf] eGbf 5'§} ;fdflhs kl/ j] z lyof] . Tolta] nf ;~rf/ sf dfWod tyf ;8s oftfoftsf] l: ylt Hofb} gfh's ePsfn] Ifltsf] cfsng ug{ clws[t tyf l;kfxLx¿sf] 8f] / v6fOPsf] kfOG5 . lj=;+= @)$% sf] e"sDkdf tTsfnLg ufpF k~rfotsf] l;kmfl/ ;nfO{ d'Vo cfwf/ agfOPsf] lyof] . s'g} l;kmfl/ ;k|lt zª\sf nfu] df e"sDkLo k'glg{df{0f cfof] hgfn] 5fglag ug{] k|aGw ldnfOPsf] lyof] .

kfls: tfgdf cfPsf] ;g\ @))% sf] e"sDkn] &# xhf/ dflg;sf] Hofg lnPsf] lyof] eg] @* nfv dflg; 3/ af/ ljxLg ePsf lyP . of] cj: yfdf kfls: tfg ;/ sf/ n] g] kfndf h: t} ;j{] If0f u/ fPsf] lyof] t/ ;f] ;j{] If0fsf] k|ZgfjnL g] kfndf k|of] u ul/ Psf] eGbf Hofb} ;/ n lyof] . of] ;j{] If0f kfls: tfgL ;] gfn] u/ ] sf]

lyof] . cGo ;/ sf/ L lgsfodf o: tf] Ifdtf lyPg . of] ;j{] If0f 6f] nLdf Pshgf ;] gfsf] OlGhlgo/ , Pshgf : yfgLo ;dfhsf] k|ltlglw / Pshgf : yfgLo ;/ sf/ L k|ltlglw lyP . : yfgLo ;/ sf/ L k|ltlglw of : yfgLo / fh: j clwsf/ L lyP of t kf7zfnfsf lzIfs . o;/ L ul/ Psf] ;j{] If0f g] kfndf h: t} 7"nf] 8f6fa] ;df ;+/ If0f ul/ Psf] lyof] . of] 8f6fa] ; g} cg'bfg k|bfg ug{] cfwf/ sf ¿kdf k|of] u ul/ Psf] lyof] .

ef/ tdf ;g\ @))! df cfPsf] u'h/ ft k|fGtsf] e'h e"sDkn] @) xhf/ eGbf a9L dflg;sf] Hofg lnPsf] lyof] . !% xhf/ 3fOt] ePsf lyP . o;sf] Iflt d"NofÍg ug{] k|ljlw;d] t g] kfndf ckgfOPsf] tf} / tl/ sf;Fu d] n vfPsf] 5 . d"NofÍg 6f] nLdf Pshgf OlGhlgo/ , Pshgf / fh: j cyjf k~rfotsf] k|ltlglw / csf] { Pshgf u} / ;/ sf/ L ;+: yfsf k|ltlglw lyP . @)%! j6f 6f] nLdf @(#@ k|fljlws, !&($ / fh: j clwsf/ L tyf @&(*

cGo JolQmsf] ;xeflutf lyof] .hfkfg h: tf ljsl;t b] zx¿n] lg/ Gt/ 3/

hUuf ;j{] If0f u/ fO/ x] sf x'G5g\ . o: tf] ;j{] If0fdf 3/ sf] : jfldTj, hUufsf] If] qkmn, 3/ sf] lj: t[t ljj/ 0f, 3/ agfpFbfsf] lgdf{0f ;fdu|L, 3/ sf] tnf, 3/ sf] jt{dfg cj: yf tyf hUufsf] l: ylt cflb pNn] v x'G5 . pko'Qm 3/ hUufsf cltl/ Qm 3/ kl/ jf/ sf ;b: ox¿sf] ljj/ 0f, pgLx¿sf] cfDbfgL cflbaf/ ] klg pNn] v x'G5 . s'g} k|fs[lts k|sf] k k/ ] sf] v08df oxL 8f6fa] ; g} nfeu|fxL 5gf] 6sf nflu k|of] hgdf NofOg] u/ ] sf] 5 .

l: j6\h/ NofG8df 3/ hUufsf] ;"rgf k|0ffnL SofG6f] g -g] kfnsf] ufpF jf gu/ klnsf;/ x_ n] g} / fv] sf] x'G5 . k|fs[lts k|sf] k k/ ] sf] cj: yfdf SofG6f] gx¿n] g} Ifltsf] ljj/ 0f ;ª\sng u/ ] / ;/ sf/ L cg'bfgsf] k|aGw ul/ Psf] x'G5 .

k|fs[lts k|sf] kaf6 ePsf] Iflt ;ª\sngdf eljiosf] af6f]

g] kfnsf] / g] kfn h: t} ljsf;zLn / fi6«x¿, h: tf] – ef/ t, kfls: tfg cflbsf : yfgLo: t/ sf] 8f6fa] ; xfn;Dd ;'?jft gePsf] kl/ k|] Iodf k|fs[lts k|sf] kkZrft Ifltsf] ;ª\sng gofF lz/ faf6 ;'? ug{'kg{] x'G5 . g] kfndf : yfgLo ;/ sf/ gePsf] / uflj;sf] ;lrj g} ufpFdf a: g g;Sg] l: ylt ePsfn] tYofÍ ;ª\sngsf] sfo{ Hofb} sl7g aGof] . kl/ 0ff: j¿k tYofÍ ;ª\sng s] xL l9nf] eP/ cg'bfgsf] / sd k|bfg ug{] sfo{;d] t k|efljt aGof] . To;f] x'FbfxF'b} klg tYofÍ ;ª\sng cfkmF} df gsf/ fTds lyPg . g] kfndf k|fs[lts ljklQaf6 wghgsf] Ifltsf] Go"gLs/ 0f ug{, o;sf nflu gLlt th{'df u/ L sfof{Gjog;d] t ug{sf nflu Pp6f k|efjsf/ L ;"rgf k|0ffnL clt cfjZos 5 . : yfgLo ;/ sf/ sf] r'gfj eO{ pgLx¿ lqmofzLn / x] sf] ;Gbe{ / g] kfn ;ª\3Lo ;+/ rgfdf uPsfn] xfnsf] ;do o; k|sf/ sf] ;"rgf k|0ffnL : yfkgf tyf ;~rfng ug{sf nflu pko'Qm 5 .

;"rgf k|0ffnLsf] k|f/ lDes ljGb' gu/ kflnsf Pj+ ufpFkflnsfdf x'g'k5{ . xfnsf e"sDk clt k|efljt !! lhNnfdf oL ;"rgf ;ª\sng eO;s] sfn] tLcGtu{tsf gu/ klnsf Pj+ ufpFkflnsfx¿n] ;f] xL 8f6fa] ; k|of] u ug{ ;S5g\ . o;sf nflu cfjZos sd{rf/ L tyf sDKo'6/ nufotsf ef} lts ;fwg Joj: yf ug{'kg{] 5 . xfnsf] ;du| 8f6fa] ; / fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/ 0f : yfkgfk"j{ ;ª\3Lo dfldnf tyf : yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnodf k|flws/ 0fsf]

afFsL k[i7 @&df

x/ ] s u0fsnfO{ Ps 6\ofan] 6sf] Joj: yf ul/ Psf]

lyof] / pQm 6\ofan] 6df ;ª\sng ul/ Psf ;"rgfdf

lghL 3/ sf kmf] 6f] ;d] t lvr] / / fVg] Joj: yf ldnfOPsf] lyof] .

26 k'glg{df{0f

�� dgf] x/ l3ld/ ]

@)&@ j} zfv !@ sf] e"sDk / tTkZrftsf k/ fsDksf sf/ 0f Jofks kl/ 0ffddf k'u] sf] Ifltaf6 d'n'snfO{ cem pGgt cj: yfdf k'¥ofpg] p2] Zosf ;fy k'glg{df{0fsf] sfo{ cufl8 a9fpg] lg0f{o ePadf] lhd / fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/ 0f : yfkgf eO{ e"sDkkl5sf] k'glg{df{0fsf sfo{ ul/ / x] sf] 5 . % jif{sf] sfof{jlw tf] sL : yfkgf ul/ Psf] k|flws/ 0fn] @)&@ k'; !@ ut] b] lv sfo{ ul/ / x] sf] 5 .

;~rf/ sfo{;DaGwL gLltut Joj: yf;dfhsf x/ ] s If] qdf ;~rf/ dfWodsf]

cx+ e"ldsfnfO{ s;} n] gsfg{ ;Qm} g . o;y{, k'glg{df{0fsf] cleofgnfO{ ;kmn kfg{ klg ;~rf/ dfWodsf] cToGt dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf 5 . g] kfnsf] k'glg{df{0fsf] sfo{df d'Vou/ L lghL 3/ x¿sf] k'glg{df{0f ug{'kg{] ePsfn] x/ ] s 3/ ÷kl/ jf/ nfO{ ;'/ lIft k'glg{df{0fsf] ;Gb] z k'¥ofpg ;~rf/ dfWodsf] emg\ dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf b] lvG5 . s] G›Lo : t/ sf ;~rf/ dfWodsf ;fy;fy} : yfgLo / ] l8of] , kqklqsf / cgnfOgx¿sf] cToGt dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf k'glg{df{0fdf cfjZos 5 . gLlt lgdf{tfx¿ / sfof{Gjog ug{] lgsfox¿;dIf k'¥ofpg] / k'glg{df{0f ;Da4 lgsfox¿n] agfPsf gLlt÷lgodx¿sf af/ ] df ;/ f] sf/ jfnfnfO{ hfgsf/ L u/ fO{ cfd;j{;fwf/ 0fnfO{ k'glg{df{0fsf] sfo{df pTk|] l/ t u/ fpg] bfloTj ;~rf/ dfWodsf] xf] . g] kfnsf] k'glg{df{0fsf] k|d'v p2] Zo ;'/ lIft k'glg{df{0f xf] / of] ;Gb] z : yfgLo 3/ ÷kl/ jf/ ;Dd k'¥ofpg] dfWod eg] sf] ;~rf/ dfWod g} x'g\ . ljkb\

kZrftsf] k'gnf{e sfo{9fFrfcg';f/ k|flws/ 0fsf] ;"rgf k|jfx kf/ blz{tf, ;Ddfg, ;Tolgi7f, ;d"xut sfo{, pTs[i6tf / Jofj;flostfsf] d"No÷dfGotfaf6 lgb{] lzt x'g'kg{] pNn] v 5 .

e"sDkkl5sf] k'glg{df{0fcGtu{t xfn eO/ x] sf sfo{sf] kl/ df0f cToGt 7"nf] / x] sf] , k'glg{df{0f / fli6«o tyf cGt/ f{li6«o ax';/ f] sf/ jfnf ljifo ePsf] / lghL cfjf; k'glg{df{0f ug{'kg{] ;ª\Vof 7"nf] / x] sfn] o;sf] ;xh Joj: yfkg / ;xh ;~rf/ cToGt sl7g sfo{ / x] sf] b] lvG5 . / fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/ 0fn] k'glg{df{0fdf ;~rf/ ;DaGwL sfo{x¿ p2] Zocg'¿k jf: tljs, lgikIf / ;xL 9ª\un] nlIft ju{;Dd k'uf] ;\ / k'glg{df{0f;Fu ;DalGwt ;"rgfdf ;a} sf] ;xh kx'Fr xf] ;\ eGg] p2] Zon] ljleGg gLltut tyf sfo{ut Joj: yf u/ ] sf] 5 .

k'glg{df{0fsf ;~rf/ ultljlwnfO{ Jojl: yt ug{ ;~rf/ ;DaGwL / 0fgLlt tyf ;~rf/ sfo{of] hgf hf/ L u/ L nfu' ul/ Psf] 5 . k'glg{df{0fsf] ;~rf/ ;DaGwL gLlt tyf / 0fgLlt tof/ ug{ k|flws/ 0f sfo{sf/ L ;ldlt ;b: osf] ;+of] hsTjdf ;~rf/ sfo{;d"x Joj: yf ul/ Psf] 5 . k'glg{df{0f;Fu ;DalGwt ;~rf/ ;fdu|Lx¿ pTkfbg tyf u'0f: t/ lgoGq0f, ;"rgf tyf ;Gb] z ;xL 9ª\un] ;dGjofTds tl/ sfaf6 cfd;/ f] sf/ jfnf;dIf k'uf] ;\ eGg] cfzon] k|flws/ 0fsf k|jQmfsf] ;+of] hsTjdf ;~rf/ sfo{;d"x Joj: yf ul/ Psf] xf] . ;~rf/ sdL{x¿ / cGo ;/ f] sf/ jfnfnfO{ k'glg{df{0f;Fu ;DalGwt ultljlw / ;"rgfsf] ;xh kx'Fr k'¥ofpg ;x;lrj txsf] k|jQmf, pk;lrj txsf] ;xk|jQmf / ;"rgf clwsf/ L Joj: yf ul/ Psf] 5 .

a] Un} ;"rgf Joj: yfkg k|0ffnL;~rf/ ;DaGwL sfo{x¿nfO{ Joj: yfkg ug{

Ps a] Un} ;"rgf Joj: yfkg zfvf Joj: yf u/ L pk;lrj zfvf k|d'v / xg] Joj: yf ldnfOPsf] 5 . o: t} ;~rf/ If] qsf lj1 JolQm;lxtsf] ldl8of l6d k|flws/ 0f : yfkgfsfnb] lv g} Joj: yf ul/ Psf] 5 . k'glg{df{0fsf sfo{af/ ] hfgsf/ L u/ fpg

cfkm\g} j] a;fO6 ;~rfng ul/ Psf] 5 . ;/ sf/ L lgsfox¿df cToGt cBfjlws / xg] j] a;fO6dWo] k|flws/ 0fsf] klg k5{ . k|flws/ 0faf6 j] a;fO6df lgoldt ;dfrf/ / fVg] ul/ Psf] 5 / cfd;~rf/ dfWodnfO{ ;d] t k|] lift ug{] ul/ Psf] 5 . o;afx] s km] ;a's, l6\j6/ h: tf ;fdflhs ;~hfndfkm{t k|flws/ 0fsf ultljlw ;fj{hlgs ug{] ul/ Psf] 5 .

plNnlvt afx] s å} dfl;s¿kdf g] kfnL efiffdf … k'glg{df{0fÚ / cª\u|] hL efiffdf … l/ lalN8ª g] kfnÚ k|sfzg ug{] ul/ Psf] 5 . ;fKtflxs¿kdf k'glg{df{0f / ] l8of] sfo{qmd e"sDk k|efljt #@ j6} lhNnfsf : yfgLo / ] l8of] af6 k|;f/ 0f ug{] ul/ Psf] 5 . cfjZoQmfcg';f/ k|] ; e] 63f6, ;Dkfbsx¿, cGt/ f{li6«o ;~rf/ k|lti7fgsf k|ltlglw Pj+ ;dfrf/ bftfx¿nfO{ e"sDk k|efljt If] qx¿sf] e|d0f, ;~rf/ sdL{x¿nfO{ k'glg{df{0fsf ljifodf cled'vLs/ 0f h: tf ultljlw;d] t eO/ x] sf] 5 .

;fy} , k'glg{df{0f;Fu ;DalGwt ;"rgf tyf ;Gb] zx¿ ;d] 6L 6] a'n tyf leQ] kfqf] , ;"rgf tyf ;Gb] zd"ns kf] : 6/ x¿ k|sfzg ug{] ul/ Psf] 5 . ljleGg / ] l8of] tyf >Jo dfWodaf6 / ] l8of] lhª\un tyf lkP;Px¿ k|;f/ 0f ug] { ul/ Psf] 5 . o: tf ultljlwaf6 k'glg{df{0f;Fu ;DalGwt ;"rgfdf ;a} sf] kx'Fr k'u] sf] ljZjf; lnOPsf] 5 . nfeu|fxL Pj+ ;/ f] sf/ jfnf;Fu bf] xf] / f] ;+jfb xf] ;\ / k|ToIf ;Dks{ ;+ej xf] ;\ eg] / 6f] n lk|m -k} ;f gnfUg] _ 6] lnkmf] g ;] jf;d] t Joj: yf ul/ Psf] 5 .

;~rf/ sf] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsfe"sDkkl5sf] k'glg{df{0fdf ;~rf/ dfWodsf]

cToGt dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf 5 . kl5Nnf lbgdf k'glg{df{0fsf jf: tljstf / oyfy{tf k|;f/ 0f u/ L k'glg{df{0fnfO{ tLj|tf lbg ;~rf/ dfWodx¿n] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v] n] sf 5g\ . k'glg{df{0fsf] ;a} eGbf 7"nf] c+z lghL cfjf; k'glg{df{0f / x] sf] / cfd;j{;fwf/ 0fnfO{ pTk|] l/ t u/ L k'glg{df{0fsf] sfo{df cu|;/ u/ fpg ;~rf/ dfWodsf] cToGt ;sf/ fTds e"ldsf cfjZos k5{ .

;/ sf/ n] lbPsf] cg'bfg cko{fKt 5, # nfv ?lkofFdf s] xL aGb} g, ;/ sf/ n] lbPs} l8hfOgdf

k'glg{df{0fdf ;~rf/ dfWodsf] e"ldsf

ljrf/

;~rf/ If] qdf sfo{ ubf{ cfwf/ e"t ju{df ;xh 9ª\un] k'Ug ;lsg] , cfkm\gf] ;+: yfsf] k|rf/ ÷k|;f/ ug{;d] t ;3fp k'Ug] ePsfn] o; If] qdf w] / } ;+: yfsf] k|ToIf÷ck|ToIf ;/ f] sf/ / rf;f] kfOPsf] 5 .

27k'glg{df{0f

dfq ;Lldt x'g'k5{, l;d] G6 / slª\qm6 k|of] u u/ ] dfq ;'/ lIft k'glg{df{0f ;Dej 5 h: tf e|d lrb{} k'glg{df{0f cufl8 a9fpg ;~rf/ dfWod;Fusf] ;xsfo{ / ;xof] u ckl/ xfo{ 5 . 3/ JolQm : jo+n] cfkm\gf] cfjZoQmfcg';f/ sf] cfsf/ / : j¿kdf k'glg{df{0f ug{] xf] / To;nfO{ ;'/ lIft agfpg g] kfn ;/ sf/ n] # nfv ?lkofF cg'bfg / lgMz'Ns k|fljlws ;xfotf pknAw u/ fPsf] xf] eGg] tYo ;dod} a'emfpg g;Sbf k'glg{df{0fdf s] xL ;d: of b] lvP . s] xL l9nfO klg x'g k'Uof] .

r'gf} tL klg 5g\tyflk, o; qmddf s] xL ;d: of gb] lvPsf

eg] xf] Ogg\ . k'glg{df{0fsf] cfwf/ e"t 1fg gePsfx¿af6 k'glg{df{0f;DaGwL ;~rf/ ;fdu|L pTkfbg tyf k|;f/ 0f ug{] k|j[lQn] s] xL ;d: of kf/ ] sf] kfOG5 . k'glg{df{0f k|flws/ 0f;Fu w] / } k} ;f ePsf] 7fGb} cfkm\gf] k|sfzg÷k|;f/ 0fdf ;xh lj1fkgsf] cfzf / fVg] ;~rf/ If] qsf]

hdft klg 7"n} 5 . k'glg{df{0fsf] nlIft ju{;Dd kx'Fr gePsf / ljifo;Fu c;DalGwt ;~rf/ dfWodx¿n] ;d] t lj1fkgsf] ck] Iff / fVg] u/ ] sf 5g\ . slxn] sfxLF cfkm\gf] cfsfª\Iff ;Daf] wg gx'Fbf e|dk"0f{ ;"rgf tyf wf/ 0ff k|sfzg÷k|;f/ 0f ePsf gdL7f cg'ejsf] klg sdL 5} g .

;~rf/ dfWodn] Pp6f ;sf/ fTds ;Gb] z k|jfx ubf{ sl/ a %) nfv -lghL cfjf;;Fu k|ToIf hf] l8Psf] hg;ª\Vof_ dflg;df k|efj kg{ ;S5 eg] gsf/ fTds ;Gb] z k|jfx ubf{ TolQs} dflg;df e|d l;h{gf x'g ;S5 . To;af6 ;du| k'glg{df{0fk|lt g} ljt[i0ff hfUg ;Sg] vt/ f x'G5 . lghL cfjf; k'glg{df{0fsf] ;sf/ fTds ;Gb] z lbFbf k'glg{df{0fdf l9nfO ul/ / x] sf] nfeu|fxLnfO{ ;d] t pTk|] / 0ff ldN5 / pgLx¿ k'glg{df{0fdf nfU5g\ . gsf/ fTds ;Gb] z lbFbf k'glg{df{0fdf nflu/ x] sf nfeu|fxLn] ;d] t l9nfO ug{ yfNg ;S5g\ . o;y{ ;~rf/ dfWodn] o: tf dxTjk"0f{

ljifodf ;dfrf/ k|jfx ubf{ kof{Kt Wofg lbg' pko'Qm x'G5 . jf: tljstf, tYo / cª\snfO{ cfwf/ dfgL cflwsfl/ s JolQmx¿af6 k'li6 u/ fO ;dfrf/ k|jfx ubf{ ;dfrf/ sf] ljZj;gLotf dfq a9\b} g, k'glg{df{0fdf ;d] t ;xof] u k'Ug hfG5 .

e"sDkkl5sf] k'glg{df{0f Ps hl6n / ax';/ f] sf/ jfnf ljifo xf] . o; If] qdf / fli6«o tyf cGt/ f{li6«o u} / ;/ sf/ L ;ª\3÷;+: yfx¿af6 ;d] t ;+nUgtf 5 . ;~rf/ If] qdf sfo{ ubf{ cfwf/ e"t ju{df ;xh 9ª\un] k'Ug ;lsg] , cfkm\gf] ;+: yfsf] k|rf/ ÷k|;f/ ug{;d] t ;3fp k'Ug] ePsfn] o; If] qdf w] / } ;+: yfsf] k|ToIf÷ck|ToIf ;/ f] sf/ / rf;f] kfOPsf] 5 . s] xL ;ª\3÷;+: yfn] k|flws/ 0fsf] cfjZoQmfcg';f/ ;dGjofTds 9ª\un] sfo{ ul/ / x] sf 5g\ eg] sltkon] k'glg{df{0fsf gfddf cfkm\g} 9ª\un] sfo{ ul/ / x] sf klg kfOPsf] 5 .

ljleGg cGt/ f{li6«o ljsf; ;fem] bf/ x¿af6 k'glg{df{0fsf] ;~rf/ If] qsf nflu ;xof] u k|fKt eO/ x] sf] 5 . ljZj a} ª\s, o'/ f] lkog o'lgog, o'P;P8, l8lkm8, l: j; sG6\ofS6, o'Pgl8kL o; If] qdf ;xof] u k'¥ofpg] d'Vo cGt/ f{li6«o lgsfo x'g\ . k'glg{df{0f k|flws/ 0f;Fu ;dGjo u/ L alnof] 3/ l6eL sfo{qmd, ldlnh'nL / ] l8of] sfo{qmd -< aGb ePsf] eGg] 5_, !!M%^ / ] l8of] sfo{qmd pTkfbg tyf k|;f/ 0f eO/ x] sf 5g\ . o: tf sfo{qmdn] k'glg{df{0fsf] ;"rgf ;Dk|] if0fnfO{ ;xof] u k'¥ofO/ x] sf 5g\ . tyflk, cfkm\g} 9ª\un] sfo{qmd pTkfbg u/ L k|sfzg÷k|;f/ 0f ug{] sltko ;+: yfsf sfo{n] ;xof] u k'¥ofpg'sf] ;f6f] ;d: ofdf kf/ ] sf] ;d] t pbfx/ 0f 5g\ . o: tf ljleGg ;ª\3÷;+: yfsf] ;~rf/ ;DaGwL lqmofsnfknfO{ ;dGjofTds 9ª\un] cufl8 a9fpg] , cg'udg ug{] r'gf} tL k|flws/ 0f;dIf 5 .

cfhsf] ;dfh ;"rgfsf] o'uaf6 u'lh|/ x] sf] 5 . ;"rgf k|;f/ 0fsf ax'dfWod 5g\ . k'glg{df{0f;Fu ;DalGwt jf: tljs, oyfy{k/ s / j: t'lgi6 ;"rgf nlIft ju{ / cfd;/ f] sf/ jfnfnfO{ k'¥ofpg] d'Vo bfloTj k'glg{df{0f k|flws/ 0fsf] xf] . k|flws/ 0f pknAw ;~rf/ dfWoddfkm{t\ o;tkm{ nflu/ x] sf] g} 5 . k'glg{df{0fsf] dxfcleofg Ps hl6n / ax';/ f] sf/ jfnf ljifo ePsfn] ;dfhsf x/ ] s kIfsf] ;lqmo ;fy / ;xeflutflagf of] dxfcleofgsf] ;kmntf ;+ej 5} g . t;y{, ;~rf/ If] qnufot ;a} af6 ;sf/ fTds ;xof] usf] ck] Iff ul/ G5 .

-;"rgf Joj: yfkg zfvf k|d'v tyf / fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/ 0fsf ;xk|jQmf_

Joj: yf ul/ Psfdf / fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/ 0f u7gkZrft\ 8f6fa] ;sf] clwsf/ k|flws/ 0fdf j} wflgs 9ª\uaf6 cfpg' : jfefljs k|lqmof;d] t xf] .

bf] ;|f] r/ 0fdf xfnsf] k|ZgfjnLsf] k'g/ fjnf] sg ug{' h?/ L 5 . of] 8f6fa] ;sf] p2] Zo, sfo{If] qnufotsf k|Zgx¿sf] s;Ldf xfnsf] k|ZgfjnL hfFlrg'k5{ . o;/ L / fli6«o: t/ df of] ;"rgf k|0ffnLnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg] lg0f{o lnO;s] kl5 bf] ;|f] r/ 0fdf e"sDk k|efljt @) lhNnfdf cg'bfgsf] k|of] hgsf nflu k|dfl0fs/0f k|lqmofaf6 ;ª\sng ul/ Psf 3/ w'/ Lsf ;"rgfafx] s cGo 3/ w'/ Laf6 ;"rgf ;ª\sng ug{' h?/ L 5 . o;/ L ;Dk"0f{ -#!_ lhNnfaf6 tYofÍ ;ª\sng u/ L x/ ] s ufpFkflnsf / gu/ klnsfdf Ps÷Ps ;"rgf s] G› : yfkgf u/ L 8f6fa] ;nfO{ ;~rfngdf Nofpg'k5{ . ;Dk"0f{ e"sDk k|efljt -#!_ lhNnfsf] hg;ª\Vofsf] ;"rgf / fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/ 0fn] xfnsf] sfddf k|of] u ub{} eljiosf] k|fs[lts k|sf] k Joj: yfkg ug{sf nflu aGg] ;+: yfnfO{ x: tfGt/ 0f ug{'kg{] 5 .

pk;+xf/ nfeu|fxLsf] ;"rgf ;ª\sng tyf ;"rgf

k|0ffnL ljsf;sf nflu : yfgLo ;/ sf/ gePsf] cj: yfdf s] xL a9L ;do h?/ nfu] sf] 5 . of] k|0ffnL lghL cfjf;sf] cg'bfg ljt/ 0f ug{dfq geO{ k|sf] k lgjf/ 0f, e"–pkof] u tyf a: tL ljsf; of] hgfx¿sf nflu ;d] t pkof] uL x'g] lglZrt 5 . t;y{, xfn e"sDk clt k|efljt !! lhNnfdf h: t} e"sDk k|efljt cGo @) lhNnfdf klg hg;ª\Vofdf cfwfl/ t ;j{] If0f u/ fP/ k|flws/ 0fn] tTsfnsf nflu cg'bfg ljt/ 0f ug{ / bL3{sfndf k|fs[lts k|sf] k Go"gLs/ 0f ug{ tyf k|sf] k cfOnfu] df t'?Gt cfktsfnLg k|of] hgsf nflu k|of] udf cfpg] ;"rgf k|0ffnL ljsf; ug{'kg{] 5 . cGttf] uTjf afFsL $$ lhNnfdf klg o; k|sf/ sf] ;"rgf k|0ffnL ljsf; ug'{ cfjZos 5 . ;fy} Ps zlQmzfnL / fli6«o k|sf] k Joj: yfkg k|flws/ 0f u7g u/ L k|sf] ksf k|efj Go"gLs/ 0f ug{ / k|sf] k eOxfn] df tTsfn ;Daf] wg ug{] Joj: yf ldnfpg' 68\sf/ f] cfjZostfsf ¿kdf b] lvPsf] 5 . o;/ L / fli6«o: t/ af6 cufl8 a9fpFbf k|ZgfjnLnufotsf cGo tf} / tl/ sfn] ;d] t j: t'ut tl/ sfn] cWoog u/ L lgSof} {n ul/ g'k5{ .

->]i7 /fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/0fsf sfo{sf/ L ;b: o x'g\_

kl5Nnf lbgdf k'glg{df{0fsf jf: tljstf / oyfy{tf

k|;f/ 0f u/ L k'glg{df{0fnfO{ tLj|tf lbg ;~rf/

dfWodx¿n] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v] n] sf 5g\ .

28 k'glg{df{0f

;xof]uL ;+:yf

�� bLks ;fksf] 6f

gdf] a'4 -sfe|] _M kmnfF6] sfgk'/ sf 5qaxfb'/ / / fwf kl/ of/ sf] tLg tn] 3/ df @)&@ a} zfvsf] e"sDkn] cf+lzs Iflt k''Uof] . Ifltsf] ;j] {If0f ug{ uPsf k|fljlwsx¿n] o;nfO{ dfkb08cg';f/ k|anLs/ 0f u/ ] / a: g ;lsg] atfP . o;f] ubf{ pq} gofF 3/ agfpFbf nfUg] vr{ / ;do hf] luGYof] .

t/ , g] kfnsf k/ Dk/ fut vf;u/ L 9'+ufdf6f] n] ag] sf 3/ x¿sf] k|anLs/ 0fsf] ;+: yfut 1fg, l;k tyf To: tf hgzlQmsf] sdLsf sf/ 0f 5qaxfb'/ / / fwf kl/ of/ h: tf e"sDk k|efljtx¿sf] Ifltu|: t 3/ x¿sf] k|anLs/ 0f

cleofgsf ?kdf ;'? x'g ;do nfUof] ./ fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/ 0fsf] ljz] if

kxn tyf ljleGg ljsf; ;fem] bf/ ;+: yfx¿sf] cfly{s–k|fljlws ;xof] udf Ifltu|: t 3/ x¿sf] k|anLs/ 0f cleofgsf ?kdf ;+rfng x'g] ePsf] 5 . o;cl3 klg sof} + nfeu|fxLsf 3/ sf] k|anLs/ 0f eO;s] sf] 5 t/ sl/ a ^$ xhf/ nfeu|fxLnfO{ ljZj: t t'Nofpg' kg] { bfloTj / fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/ 0f;Fu lyof] .

To;} n] a] nfotL ;xof] u lgof] u -l8lkm8_ sf] cfly{s ;xof] u, o''Pgcf] lkP;sf] Joj: yfkg tyf laN8 r] ~hsf] k|fljlws ;xof] udf k|anLs/ 0fsf] sfo{: yndf tflnd -cg b ha 6] «lgª_ sf] Jojl: yt ;'?jft ul/ Psf] 5 .

;'?jft ePsf] 5, sfgk'/ sf 5qaxfb'/ / / fwf kl/ of/ sf] tLg tn] 3/ af6 .

k|flws/ 0fsf k|d'v sfo{sf/ L clws[t ;'zLn 1jfnL, gdf] a'4 gu/ kflnsfsf d] o/ 6+sk|;fb zdf{ ltdlN;gf tyf 3/ a] 6L 5qaxfb'/ kl/ of/ n] l/ ag sf6] / k|anLs/ 0fsf] ;'?jft u/] .

k|anLs/ 0fsf nflu kl/ of/ bDkltsf] 3/ nfO{ alnof] / ftf] –kx] +nf] k] 6Ln] afFlwPsf] 5 . sf7sf kl6\6n] rf/ } lt/ af6 3/ nfO{ c8\ofOPsf] 5 .

e"sDkaf6 cf+lzs Iflt k'u] sf 3/ x¿sf] k|anLs/ 0fsf nflu gd"gf k|anLs/ 0f sfo{: ynd} tflnd e"sDk k|efljt #@ j6} lhNnfdf x'g] 5 . clt k|efljt !$ lhNnfsf

Ifltu|: t 3/ sf] k|anLs/ 0fk} ;f / ;dosf] art, df} lnstfsf] ;+/ If0fe"sDkaf6 cf+lzs Iflt k'u] sf 3/ x¿sf] k|anLs/ 0fsf nflu gd"gf k|anLs/ 0f sfo{: ynd} tflnd e"sDk k|efljt #@ j6} lhNnfdf x'g] 5 .


29k'glg{df{0f

x/ ] s : yfgLo txdf sd;] sd Pp6f 3/ sf] gd"gf k|anLs/ 0f x'g] 5 eg] afFsL !* lhNnfdf sd;] sd Ps lhNnfdf Pp6f 3/ sf] .

Ifltu|: t 3/ k|anLs/ 0f u/ ] / e"sDk k|lt/ f] wL agfpg ;lsG5 eg] / k|anLs/ 0f nfeu|fxLnfO{ ljZj: t t'Nofpg' / fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/ 0fnfO{ r'gf} tLh: t} 5 . To;} n] k|d'v sfo{sf/ L clws[t gd"gf k|anLs/ 0faf6 cfpg] ;s/ fTds kl/ 0ffdn] k|anLs/ 0f nfeu|fxLnfO{ k|anLs/ 0fdf hfg k|] / 0ff lbg] ljZjf; JoQm u5{g\ .

‘9'+ufdf6f] n] ag] sf 3/ nfO{ klg k|anLs/ 0f u/ ] / e"sDkk|lt/ f] wL agfpg ;lsG5 eGg] of] k|of] ufTds l;sfO{ x'g] 5 . o;af6 xfd|f k|fljlws tyf 8sdL{x¿n] 1fg, l;k dfq kfpg' x'g] 5} g k|anLs/ 0f nfeu|fxLnfO{ klg ;s/ fTds ;Gb] z hfg] 5 .’

k|anLs/ 0faf6 e"sDk k|efljt nfeu|fxLnfO{ sd cfly{s ef/ kg] { tyf g] kfnL k/ Dk/ fut df} lns 9fFrfdf ag] sf 3/ x¿sf] ;+/ If0f klg x'g] k|d'v sfo{sf/ L clw[st ;'zLn 1jfnLsf] wf/ 0ff 5 . pgL o;af6 g] kfnsf Ol~hlgo/ df g] kfnsf] df} lns lgdf{0f z} nLsf] k|ljlwaf/ ] 1fg x'g] / of] 1fg, ;Lk gofF k': tfdf x: tfGt/ 0f ug{ klg of] ubfg k'Ug] df ljZj: t 5g\ .

gdf] a'4 gu/ kflnsfsf k|d'v 6Ík|;fb zdf{ ltdlN;gf cfkm\gf] gu/ kflnsfaf6 o;k|sf/ sf] cleofg ;'? ePsf] df k|;Gg 5g\ . ltdlN;gfn] kl/ of/ bDklQsf] 3/ sf] k|anLs/ 0faf6 gdf] a'4 gu/ kflnsfsf ;a} k|anLs/ 0f nfeu|fxLnfO{ ;s/ fTds ;Gb] z hfg] ljZjf; JoQm u/] . gdf] a'4 gu/ kflnsfdf @ ;o %# k|anLs/ 0f nfeu|fxL 5g\ .

cfkm\gf] 3/ k|anLs/ 0f x'g yfn] kl5 kl/ of/ bDklQ xlif{t 5g\ . e"sDkn] 3/ rs{] sf] 3/ df 8/ dfgL dfgL a: b} cfPsf kl/ of/ bDklQsf] v'zL sfo{: yn tflnd pb\3f6gsf] cj;/ df cg'xf/ df km} lnPsf] lyof] .

… ;ft hgfsf] kl/ jf/ 8/ fO{8/ fO{ al;/ x] sf lyof} + . ca xfd|f] 3/ e"sDk k|lt/ f] wL x'g] ePkl5 9'Ss ePsf 5f} + ,’ 5qaxfb'/ kl/ of/ n] eg] .

k|anLs/ 0fsf] sfo{: yn tflndnfO{ #@ j6} lhNnfdf ;+rfng ug{ l8lkm8n] % ldlnog a] nfotL kfp08 -sl/ a &@ s/ f] 8 ?k} ofF_ ;xof] u ub} {5 .

l8lkm8 g] kfnsf sfof{no k|d'v ?l/ s df;{8] g eG5g\, … k|anLs/ 0f e"sDkaf6 cf+lzs Iflt k'u] sf 3/ nfO{ sd vr{df ;'/ lIft ug] { dxTjk"0f{ pkfo xf] . o;af6 g] kfnsf] ;'Gb/ k/ Dk/ fut z} nL -cfls{6] Sr/ _ Pj+ kl/ jf/ x¿sf]

cfkm\gf] k'Vof} {nL 3/ ;Fusf] efjgf arfO / fVg d2t klg ldN5 .Ú

To: t} , o'gcf] lkP;sf g] kfn lgb] {zs rfN;{ cf/ = Sofnfgfg klg o; kl/ of] hgfaf6 g] kfnsf] cfsif{s tyf df} lns z} nL -cfls{6] Sr/ _ sf] ;+/ If0f tyf nfeu|fxLnfO{ yk ljsNkx¿ pknAw x'g] ljZjf; u5{g\ .

… / fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/ 0f, l8lkm8 / Ol~hlgo/ sf] ;fem] bf/ Ldf of] kl/ of] hgfn] k|anLs/ 0fsf] 1fg ;Lk e"sDk k|efljt #@ lhNnfaflx/ klg k'Ug d2t k'Ug] xfdLn] ljZjf; lnPsf 5f} + .Ú

o'Pgcf] lkP;sf cfof] hgf Joj: yfks ;'zLn kf} 8] nsf cg';f/ #@ j6f lhNnfdf Ps xhf/ j6f gd"gf 3/ x¿sf] k|anLs/ 0f u/ L sfo{: yn tflnd lbOg] 5 . oLdWo] ;'?sf !@)

3/ sf] k|anLs/ 0f ug{ cfjZos ;Dk"0f{ lgdf{0f ;fdu|L, k|fljlws ;xof] u / lgdf{0f Hofnf ;a} Joxf] l/ g] 5 eg] To;kl5sf **) 3/ df k|fljlws ;xof] u / lgdf{0f ;xof] u pknAw u/ fOg] 5 . nfeu|fxLn] lgdf{0f ;fdu|Lsf] hf] xf] ug'{kg] {5 . o: tf 3/ x¿sf] 5gf} 6 : yfgLo txn] ug] {5g\ .

e"sDk k|efljt lhNnfdf ^# xhf/ ^ ;o %% k|anLs/ 0f nfeu|fxL 5g\ . tLdWo] !( xhf/ # ;o !^ n] cg'bfg ;Demf} tf u/ ] sf 5g\ eg] !* xhf/ # ;o && n] klxnf] ls: tf lnPsf 5g\ . k|anLs/ 0f nfeu|fxLn] k'glg{df{0f k|flws/ 0faf6 b'O{ ls: tfdf Ps nfv ?k} ofF cg'bfg kfpg] 5g\ .

k|anLs/ 0faf6 k|fKt 1fg tyf ;Lk e"sDk k|efljt lhNnfdf dfq xf] Og cGo lhNnfsf lghL cfjf;nfO{ e"sDk y] Ug;Sg] agfpg 7"nf] ;xof] u ldNg] b] lvG5 .

l8lkm8

30 k'glg{df{0f

hLljsf] kfh{gdf kf7L, 5f] / L ;dfg ;fyL�� eujtL vfF0f

/ fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|lws/ 0fn] e"sDkkl5sf] lghL cfjf; k'glg{df{0fsf] ;fydf e"sDksf] ljgfzn] kf/ ] sf] ;fdflhs tyf cfly{s gsf/ fTds c;/ x¿nfO{ Go"gLs/ 0f ug{ ljleGg sfo{ ul/ / x] sf] 5 . ltgdf jftfj/ 0fLo tyf ;fdflhs Joj: yfkg of] hgfsf cjwf/ 0ff klg 5g\ .

o;qmddf lhNnf cfof] hgf sfof{Gjog OsfO{ -cg'bfg Joj: yfkg tyf : yfgLo k"jf{wf/ _ wflbªaf6 g] qfjtL ufpFkflnsf jf8{ g+= % s6'Gh] ahf/ df sfpn] af; vfg] kfgL dd{t ;+ef/ , cfocfh{g tyf hLljsf] kfh{g ;'wf/ / j[Iff/ f] k0fsf] sfo{qmd ePsf] 5 . oL sfo{ : yfgLo txsf] ;dGjodf ;DkGGf ePsf x'g\ .

cfocfh{g tyf hLljsf] kfh{g ;'wf/ sfo{qmdcGt{ut o; 6f] ndf : yfgLo txaf6 5gf} 6 eO{ cfPsf cfly{s : t/ sdhf] / dlxnf, Psn tyf blnt ju{x¿nfO{ afv|fkfng tyf Joj: yfkg tflnd k|bfg ul/ Psf] 5 . tflndkZrft @) j6f afv|f / ! j6f pGgt af] sf ljt/ 0f ul/ Psf] lyof] .

o;/ L nfeflGjt x'g] e"sDkk|efljt nfeu|fxLdWo] Ps 5g\, 7"nLdfof dfgGw/ . 7"nLdfofsf] hGd @))! ;fn r} q % ut] ePsf] xf] . pgsf # 5f] / f $ 5f] / L lyP . / >Ldfg;lxt # 5f] / f ! 5f] / Lsf] b] xfGt eO;Sof] . xfn pgL dfOnL 5f] / Lkl6\6sf] gftL;Fu a: 5g\ .

afv|fsf] kf7L ;'D;'DofpFb} 7"nLdfof ;': tfpF5g\, ‘>Ldfg lat] sf] cf7 jif{ eof] . 5f] / f5f] / Lx¿ klg sxfF k'u] k'u] . e"sDkn] klg dnfO{ n} } hfg ;s] g .’

t/ , Psl5g kl5 d': s'/ fpFb} eG5g\, ‘gfltn] afv|f tkfO{+sf] 5f] / Lh: tf] xf] cfdf eG5 . d xf] afa' eG5' . o;nfO{ sfvdf / fv] / Gofgf] kf/ L ;'tfpF5' .’

of] k+lQmsf/ yK5', ‘cfkm\g} aRrf h: tf] xf] cfdf . o;nfO{ dfof u/ L kfNfgkf] if0f ug'{;\ . o;n] tkfO{nfO{ k} ;f kmnfO{ lbG5 .’

7"nLdfof xFl;nf] d'xf/ kfb} { eG5g\, ‘xf] gfgL d} n] Aofpg cfF6] sf] afv|f kfPsf] / x] 5' . Ps dlxgf d} kf7f] kfO{ . Tof] kf7f] $ xhf/ df a] r] + . g'g t] n lsGGf] k} ;f eof] . km] l/ Jofpg] ePsL 5 . log} nfO{ 3fF; lbG5', 3fd tfK5' .’

/ fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/ 0f lhNnf cfof] hgf sfof{Gjog OsfO{ -cg'bfg Joj: yfkg

tyf : yfgLo k"jf{wf/ _ sf] cfly{s ;xof] udf o; 6f] ndf sfpn] af; wf/ f vfg] kfgL dd{t tyf ;+ef/ sfo{ klg ePsf] lyof] . vfg] kfgL dd{tsf] k|efjaf/ ] 7"nLdfofsf] k|ltlqmof 5, ‘klxn] t kfgL lng 6f9f hfg' kYof] { . clxn] t 3/ glhs} cfpF5 . w] / } ;lhnf] efÚ 5 .’

7"nLdfofn] ltgj6} ls: tf lnP/ cfkm\gf] 3/ agfO;Sg' ePsf] 5 . k'/ fgf] ltgtn] 3/ sf] afFsL

/ x] sf] e'O{+tnfdf al;/ x]sL 7"nLdfof l56\6} gofF 3/ df ;g] { of] hgfdf 5g\ . gofF 3/ lr;f] ePsf] n] ;g{ l9nf] ePsf] pgL atfpF5g\ . gofF 3/ df ;/ ] kl5 k'/ fgf] 3/ sf] afFsL / x] sf] l5+8LnfO{ efG5f agfpg] pgsf] of] hgf 5 .

-;fdflhs ljsf; lj1, lhNnf cfof] hgf sfof{Gjog OsfO{ –cg'bfg Jo: yfkg tyf : yfgLo

k"jf{wf/, wflbª_

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tftf] kfgL – rLg hf] 8\g] pQ/ sf] k|d'v Jofkfl/ s tftf] kfgL gfsf cfpFbf] h] 7 bf] ;|f] ;ftfaf6 ;~rfngdf cfpFb} 5 . @)&@ j} zfv !@ sf] ljgf;sf/ L e"sDkkl5 jflif{s @) ca{ ?k} ofF sf/ f] jf/ x'g] of] gfsf aGb / xFb} cfPsf] 5 .

ca of] gfsf cTofw'lgs ;'Svf aGb/ ufxaf6 ;~rfngdf cfpg] 5 . xfnsf] tftf] kfgL eG;f/ sf] em08} ^ lsdL tn nfrf{df aGb/ ufx lgdf{0f ;DkGg ePsf] 5. rLg ;/ sf/ sf] ;xof] udf ag] sf] aGb/ ufx casf] s] xL ;ftfleq} g] kfn ;/ sf/ nfO{ x: tfGt/ 0f x'Fb} 5. g] kfnsf] kfFrf} of] aGb/ ufx g] kfn–rLg ;Ldf gfsfsf] eg] klxnf] xf] . o;cl3 sfFs8leQf, e} / xjf, jL/ u~h / lj/ f6gu/ df ;'Vvf aGb/ ufx ;~rfngdf 5g\ .

g] kfn OG6/ df] 8n oftfoft ljsf; ;dltsf sfo{sf/ L lgb] {zssf] sfo{ef/ ;d] t ;Dxfln/ x] sf pBf] u tyf jfl0fHo dGqfnosf k|jQmf -;x;lrj_ gj/ fh 9sfn lgdf{0f ;lsPsf] tftf] kfgL aGb/ ufx gfsf ;~rfng cufj} g] kfn ;/ sf/ nfO{ x: tfGt/ 0f x'g] atfpF5g\ . gfsfnfO{ g] kfn–rLg aLrsf] … Jofkfl/ s 6«flGh6Ú agfpg aGb/ ufx @)&) k'; % ut] af6 aGb/ ufx lgdf{0f yflnPsf] lyof] . tTsfnLg lrlgofF / fhb't ofª xfpnfgn] b'O{ jif{ ^ dlxgfleq ;Sg] u/ L aGb/ ufx lznfGof; u/ ] sf lyP .

nIocg';f/ tLg jif{cl3 g} @)&@ kmfu'gd} aGb/ ufx lgdf{0f ;lsg' kYof] { . @)&! ;fpg !& sf] h'/ ] klx/ f] , @)&@ j} zfvsf] e"sDk / @)&# c;f/ @# ut] sf] ef] 6] sf] ;L af9Ln] aGb/ ufx lgdf{0f k5fl8 ws] ln/ Xof] . ut jif{sf] r} taf6 cw'/ f] aGb/ ufx lgdf{0f k'gM cl3 a9fOPsf] lyof] . rLg ;/ sf/ sf] sl/ j ! cj{ @) s/ f] 8 ?k} ofF -*=^@ s/ f] 8 o'cfg_ ;xof] udf sl/ j () / f] kgL If] qkmndf cGt/ fli6«o dfkb08 cg'?ksf] aGb/ ufx tof/ ePsf] xf] .

lnlkª ahf/ b] lv aGb/ ufx : yn;Ddsf] c/ lgsf] / fhdfu{ : Q/ f] GtL, aGb/ ufx : yndf k'Ug ef] 6] sf] ;L gbLdf df] 6/ ] jn k'n / aGb/ ufx lgdf{0f sfo{ Ps} Kofs] hdf ;lsPsf] 5 . aGb/ ufxdf eG;f/ sfof{no, kz' / s[lif Sjf/ ] G6fOg, uf] bfd 3/ , hfFrkf; of8{, r] s kf] i6, a} +s / cfjf;;lxtsf] ;+/ rgf ag] sf 5g\. Ps ;o %*

7"nf sG6] g/ / fv] / hfFrkf; ug{ ;lsg] Ifdtfsf uf] bfd 3/ ag] sf] 5 . ^) b] lv ;o d] l6«s 6g ;fdu|L Ps} k6s tf} lng] oGq aGb/ ufxdf / flvFb} 5 .

;fF3'/ f] ;+/ rgfdf / x] sf] xfnsf] tftf] kfgL eG;f/ df ^) sG6] g/ dfq c6fpg] of8{ lyof] . k|ltlglw;ef, cGt/ fli6«o ;DaGw ;ldltsf] a'waf/ sf] a} 7sdf af] Nb} k/ / fi6«dGqL k|bLk 1jfnLn] oxL d] dlxgf -h] 7 !&_ af6 gfsf ;~rfngdf Nofpg] tof/ L eO/ x] sf] atfP .

rLg;Fu g] kfnsf] Jofkf/ tftf] kfgL gfsfaf6 x'Fb} cfPsf] lyof] . e"sDkkl5 tftf] kfgLsf] : yfg s] ?ª–/ ;'jfu9L gfsfn] lnFb} cfPsf] 5 .

e"sDkcl3 d'n'ssf !) 7"nf eG;f/ df bxl/ Psf] tftf] kfgL eG;f/ n] g] kfn–rLg Jofkf/ af6 jflif{s em08} kfFr c/ {\j ?k} ofF / fh: j ;+sng uYof] {. g] kfn 6«s sG6] g/ Joj;foL dxf;+3sf cWoIf tyf lrlgofF ;fdu|L cfoftstf{ ch{'g ;fksf] 6f aGb/ ufx l4kIfLo Jofkf/ sf] ;] t' aGg] atfpF5g\.

o: tf] aGof] pQ/ L gfsfdf klxnf] cTofw'lgs aGb/ ufx

32 k'glg{df{0f

�� ljzfn ;fksf] 6f

sf7df8f} + M ;ftf} + ztfAbLsf] ;Qn, h'g @)&@ j} zfv !@ sf] dxfe"sDkdf ;vfk eof] . nuQ} k'glg{df{0fsf] cfjfh p7\of] , t/ To;kl5sf tLg jif{ ljjfbd} ?dlNnof] .

ut jif{ j} zfv #! b] lv k'glg{df{0f yflnPsf] xg'dfg 9f] sf b/ af/ If] qsf] of] ;Qndf To;kl5 eg] ljjfb b] lvPsf] 5} g . o;nfO{ e"sDkkl5sf] k'glg{df{0fdf gd"gf dflgPsf] 5 .

sfi7d08k k'glg{df{0fsf] sfd : yfgLo pkef] Qmf ;ldltdfkm{t cufl8 a9] sf] 5 . k'glg{df{0fdf tLg jif{ nfUg] 5 . klxnf] Ps jif{df rf/ j6f d'n yfd 78\ofOPsf] 5 . husf] sfd ;lsPkl5 @& df3df yfd / lggfsf] ljz] if k"hf u/ ] / d'Vo sfd yflnPsf] xf] .

ca qmdzM bf] ;|f] , t] ;|f] / rf} yf] 3] / fdf p;} u/ L yfd 78\ofOg] 5 . ljZj ;Dkbf ;"rLdf ;"rLs[t tLgtn] of] ;Dkbfsf] k'glg{df{0f k'/ fg} 9fFrfdf x'g] 5 .

sf7df8f} + dxfgu/ kflnsfn] sfi7d08k k'glg{df{0f ;ldltnfO{ ;f9] kfFr s/ f] 8 ?k} ofF lbPsf]

5 . To;dWo] r} t;Dd @ s/ f] 8 #@ nfv vr{ ePsf] ;ldltn] hgfPsf] 5 .

c;f/ ;Dd klxnf] tnfljgfzsf/ L e"sDkkl5 nfdf] ;do;Dd

sfi7d08k s;n] , s: tf] agfpg] eGg] ljjfb eof] . clxn] dxfgu/ kflnsfsf] cfly{s ;xof] u / lgu/ fgLdf lj1 ;lDdlnt : yfgLoaf;Lsf] ;ldltn] sfd ul/ / x] sf] 5 .

k'glg{df{0f ePsf w] / } ;Dkbf ljjflbt 5g\ . ;Dkbf k'glg{df{0f ubf{ df} lns : j?k laufg] {, s+lqm6 k|of] u ug] { h: tf xs{tx¿ ePsf 5g\ .

sfi7d08kdf eg] of] ljjfb b] lvPsf] 5} g . k'glg{df{0f ;ldltsf cWoIf / x] sf k|b] z # sf] k|b] z;ef ;b: o / fh] z zfSo k'/ ftTj ljefusf] 8«f] Oª/ l8hfOg cg'?k sfd u/ ] sf] atfpF5g\ . eG5G, … s: tf] agfpg] eGg] cGof} n 5} g, k|To] s ljxLaf/ lj1x¿sf] / fo lnP/ sfd u/ fO/ x] sf 5f} + .Ú

rf/ 3] / fsf] sfi7d08kdf !)) j6f yfd x'g] 5g\ . ;+sNk k"hf u/ ] / ut df3df 78\ofOPsf @% lkm6 cUnf rf/ j6f d"n yfd klxnf] 3] / f xf] . bf] ;|f] 3] / fdf hf] 8fsf b/ n] #@ j6f yfd 78\

ofOg] 5 . t] ;|f] / rf} yf] 3] / fdf Ps-Ps j6fsf b/ n] qmdzM @* / #^ j6f yfd / flvg] 5 .

bf] ;|f] 3] / fdf !@ lkm6, t] ;|f] 3] / fdf !% / rf} yf] 3] / fdf !@ lkm6 cUnf yfd x'g] 5g\ . ;a} nfO{ r's'nn] c8\ofOg] 5 . d"n yfdx¿ p7fP/ To;dfly l;+xd'vL / z+vd'vL d] y / flvPsf] 5 . d] ydfly d"n lgbfnx¿ / fVg] sfd klg ;lsPsf] 5 .

sfi7d08k k'glg{df{0f cfof] hgf k|d'v dl0fG› >] i7sf cg';f/ , d"n yfdx¿sf] d'lg / dfly tfdfsf] kftf a] / ] sf] kfOPsf] lyof] . ca k'glg{df{0f ubf{ ;a} yfddf tfdfsf] kftfn] a] l/ g] pgn] atfP .

l;sdL{x¿n] clxn] bf] ;|f] 3] / fsf] yfd / d] ysf] sfd ul/ / x] sf 5g\ . bf] ;|f] 3] / fdf / flvg] yfdx¿ tof/ eO;s] sf] k'glg{df{0f ;ldltsf ;lrj uf} td 8+uf] nn] atfP .

xg'dfg9f] sf b/ af/ sf] pQ/ -klZrddf / x] sf] k'/ fgf] lhNnf k|x/ L sfof{no kl/ ;/ df sf7sf] sfd eO/ x] sf] 5 . sfi7d08k agfpFbf sf7s} sfd w] / } ug{'kg] {5 .

bf] ;|f] , t] ;|f] / rf} yf] 3] / fsf] yfd 78\ofpg] sfd ;lsPkl5 uf/ f] sf] sfd cfpF5 . bf] ;|f] 3] / fsf] uf/ f] blng;Dd x'g] 5 . of] sfd lgs} r'gf} tLk"0f{ x'g]

lj: tf/ } p7\b} 5 sfi7d08k/ fhf nIdLg/ l;+x dNnsf] kfnfdf Pp6} ;fnsf] ?vaf6 sfi7d08k ag] sf] eGg] lsDabGtLnfO{ b'/ xfd\ ljZjljBfnon] u/ ] sf] … sfa{g 8] l6ËÚ k/ LIf0fn] sfNklgs ;fljt ul/ ;s] sf] 5 .

cgnfOg va/

33k'glg{df{0f

cfof] hgf k|d'v >] i7 atfpF5g\ . pgn] eg] , … cg] s vf] kf, tfg ldnfpFb} qmda4?kdf nufpg'kg] { ePsfn] uf/ f] sf] sfd ;+j] bgzLn klg 5 .Ú

sfi7d08ksf] t] ;|f] / rf} yf] 3] / fdf uf/ f] x'g] 5} g . bf] ;|f] / t] ;|f] 3] / fsf] aLrdf rf/ } lt/ a'hf{ x'g] 5, To;} df uf/ f] p7fOg] 5 . rf/ 3] / fsf] yfd / uf/ f] p7] kl5 tLg} tnfsf] 5fgf] lem+u6Ln] 5fOg] 5 .

l;sdL{x¿n] t] ;|f] 3] / fsf] a'§] bf/ rf/ j6f yfd, a'hf{sf] uf/ f] , e'OF tNnfsf] 5fgfdfly / xg] a'§] ‰ofn / 9f] sfx¿ agfO/ x] sf 5g\ .

c;f/ ;Dd klxnf] tNnfsf] sfd ;Sg] of] hgf 5 . … of] w] / } xtf/ df ug{ ldNg] sfd x} gÚ , cfof] hgf k|d'v >] i7 eG5G, … sfd ;': t g} ePklg ;Gtf] ifhgs 5, c;f/ ;Dddf ;lsG5 .Ú

hu gvf] tlnPsf] ;Dkbfe"sDkkl5 k'glg{df{0f ul/ Psf w] / } ;Dkbfsf]

hud} ljjfb eof] . Psyl/ n] hu gofF agfpg] s'/ f u/ ] eg] csf{yl/ n] rnfpg} gx'g] ts{ u/ ] . sfi7d08kdf eg] To: tf] ljjfb ePg .

k'glg{df{0f ;ldlt cGtu{tsf] lj1 ;d"xdf / x] sf k|f= 8f= k|] dgfy df: s] sf] pkl: yltdf / ] lhlnoG6 : 6«Sr/ k|flnsf k|fljlwsx¿n] sfi7d08ksf] aLr efudf pTvgg\ ul/ Psf] 7fpFdf !) lsnf] sf] 9s v;fn] / … 6] lDkª 6] : 6Ú u/ ] sf lyP . of] k/ LIf0fsf cfwf/ df sfi7d08ksf] husf] df6f] alnof] / x] sf] lgs{\of} n ul/ of] . To;kl5 a] nfotsf] b'/ xfd\ ljZjljBfno / k'/ ftTj ljefun] sfi7d08ksf] huaf/ ] lj: t[t cWoog u/ ] sf lyP . cWoogx¿sf cfwf/ df hu grnfO k'glg{df{0f ug] { lg0f{o ePsf] lyof] .

a] nfotsf] : 6ln{ª ljZjljBfnosf] k|of] uzfnfdf ul/ Psf] husf] df6f] / sf] Onf k/ LIf0fn] sfi7d08k ;ftf} + ztfJbLdf ag] sf] kQf nfu] sf] lyof] . To;cl3 sfi7d08k !@ cf} + ztfJbLdf ag] sf] dfGotf lyof] .

alb{jf;sf] sf7, sfe|] sf] 9'+ufsfi7d08k Pp6} ?vsf] sf7af6 ag] sf]

dflgG5 . k'/ fgf sf7dWo] sl/ a !% k|ltzt k'gM k|of] u x'g;Sg] b] lvPsf] k'glg{df{0f cfof] hgfsf ;lrj 8+uf] nn] atfP .

pgsf cg';f/ , sfi7d08k k'glg{df{0fsf nflu !& xhf/ %* So'ljs lkm6 sf7 cfjZos kg] {5 . To;sf nflu g] kfn l6Da/ ckm skf] {/ ] zg -6L;LPg_ ;Fu ;Demf} tf ul/ Psf] 5 .

6L;LPgn] b'O{ xhf/ $^( So'lkm6 ;fnsf sf7 pknAw u/ fPsf] 5 . alb{jf;af6 NofOPsf sf7sf nflu Ps s/ f] 8 #^ nfv vr{ ePsf] 8+uf] nn] atfP . 9'+ufrflxF sfe|] af6 dufOPsf] 5 .

df6f] / fgLkf] v/ L / tfxfrnsf] rnfOFb} 5 .8+uf] nsf cg';f/ , sfi7d08k k'glg{df{0fdf

;fgf-7"nf u/ L b'O{ nfv dfMcKkf OF6f nfUg] cg'dfg 5 . 7"nf] cfsf/ sf] @& xhf/ &^* / ;fgf ;ft xhf/ ##) j6f dfMcKkf NofO;lsPsf] 5 .

sfi7d08ksf] Oltxf;ljZj k|l;4 of] sf07d08knfO{ lxGb'sf] gfy

;Dk|bfo;Fu hf] 8] / x] l/ GYof] . o;nfO{ af} 4 wd{;Fu hf] 8\g] x¿ klg lyP . t/ , ;Qnsf] cy{ / pkof] lutf s'g} Ps wd{;Fu dfq ghf] l8g] ;Dkbfljbx¿ atfpF5g\ .

To;f] t / fhf nIdLg/ l;+x dNnsf] kfnfdf Pp6} ;fnsf] ?vaf6 sfi7d08k ag] sf] eGg] lsDabGtLnfO{ b'/ xfd\ ljZjljBfnon] u/ ] sf] … sfa{g 8] l6ËÚ k/ LIf0fn] sfNklgs ;fljt

ul/ ;s] sf] 5 . k/ LIf0fn] sfi7d08ksf] d"n yfd dflysf] d] y kfFrf} +, leqL husf] uf/ f] ;ftf} + / To; aflx/ sf] hu gjf} + ztfJbLsf] agfOPsf] k|dfl0ft u/ ] sf] 5 .

cg';Gwfgn] sfi7d08k b'O{ r/ 0fdf ag] sf] k'li6 u/ ] sf] 5 . ;Qn -sfi7d08k_ lgdf{0f x'g'eGbf sl/ a b'O{ xhf/ jif{cl3 ToxfF v] tL x'g] u/ ] sf] b'/ xfd ljZjljBfnosf] cg';Gwfg k|ltj] bgdf pNn] v 5 .

k|ltj] bgn] sfi7d08knfO{ pkTosfsf] ;aeGbf k'/ fgf] / 7"nf] ;fa{hlgs : yn dfg] sf] 5 . pkTosfsf] gfd sfi7d08kaf6} sf7df8f} + ePsf] dflgG5 .

x/ ] s ! df3df sfi7d08kdf jflif{s k"hf -a';fbF_ ug] { k/ Dk/ f 5 . ;Qn : yfkgf lbj;sf] a';fbFdf Hofk" u'7Lsf] cx+ e"ldsf / xg] u/ ] sf] 5 .

34 k'glg{df{0f

ljBfno kl/ ;/ df 5fq, 5fqf / lzIfssf nflu 5'§f5'§} zf} rfno ejgsf] Joj: yf 5 . zf} rfnodf dlxgfjf/ L x'g] 5fqfsf

nflu Kof8 Joj: yfkg ug] { ;'ljwf;d] t 5 .

sflGtk'/

ufpFel/ sf7} sf7sf 3/ k'glg{df{0fdf k|of] u ul/ Pg OF6f, 9'+uf, l;d] G6 / df6f]

�� an/ fd l3ld/ ]

/ ;'jf — klxn] OF6f, 9'+uf / sf7sf 3/ lyP . e"sDkkl5 k'glg{df{0fdf eg] sf7} sf7 k|of] u eP . gofF tl/ sfn] agfOPsf 3/ n] y'dg ufpF ;'Gb/ / lrl6Ss b] lvPsf] 5 . OF6f, 9'+uf, l;d] G6 tyf df6fsf] k|of] ulag} y'dg ufpFdf 3/ k'glg{df{0f ul/ Psf] 5 .

e"sDkcl3 o; ufpFdf 9'+ufsf] uf/ f] / : yfgLo efiffdf … kfªlnªÚ elgg] sf7sf] kmn] ssf 5fgf lyP . : yfgLo df} lns k/ Dk/ fsf 3/ lyP . k'glg{df{0f;Fu} ufpFsf] k'/ fgf] ;+/ rgf km] l/ Psf] 5 . clxn] h: tfsf] 5fgf, sf7} sf7 / l;;f k|of] u u/ ] / 3/ k'glg{df{0f ul/ Psf] 5 t/ lrl6Ss / ;'Gb/ b] lvPsf] 5 . y'dg ufpF tfdfª ;d'bfosf] a;f] af; ePsfn] ;f+: s[lts ¿kdf ;d] t klg wgL 5 .

rf8kj{df af} 4 wdf{jnDaLn] 6fFUg] / +uLlj/ +uL emG8f, n'ªb/ n] y'dgsf] ;f} Gbo{ cem a9fPsf] 5 . of] ufpF tfdfª ;Dkbf kbdful{\eq k5{ . uf] ;fOFs'08 ufpFklnsf ! y'dgsf lgdf tfdfªn] tLg nfv cg'bfg kfP/ 3/ lgdf{0f ul/ ;s] sf 5G . pgn] sf7} sf7sf] k|of] u u/ ] / 3/ lgdf{0f u/ ] sf 5G . y'dgnfO{ gd'gf ko{6sLo ufpF agfpgs} nflu sf7} sf7sf] k|of] u u/ ] / 3/ lgdf{0f u/ ] sf] lgdfn] atfP . : yfgLon] k'/ fg} tfdfª z} nLdf 3/ lgdf{0f gu/ ] klg clxn] sf]

3/ df OF6f, 9'+uf / l;d] G6sf] k|of] u u/ ] sf 5} Gg .OF6f, 9'+uf / l;d] G6sf] k|of] u ubf{ / fd|f]

gb] lvg] ePsfn] sf7sf] k|of] u u/ ] sf] cf} + tfdfªn] atfP . 3/ lgdf{0fsf nflu ufpFsf] dfly h+unaf6 sf7 Nofpg'k5{ . OF6f, 9'+uf / l;d] G6eGbf klg sf7sf] k|of] u u/ ] 3/ lgdf{0f ubf{ dxFuf] k5{ . sf7sf] 3/ lgdf{0f ubf{ dxFuf] k/ ] klg ufpF ;'Gb/ / lrl6Ss b] lvPsf] 5 .

ko{6s klg o: t} sf7n] ag] sf 3/ df a: g ?rfpg] : yfgLon] atfP . k'glg{df{0f;Fu} y'dg ufpF e"sDkeGbf cufl8s} cj: yfdf k'u] sf] 5 . sl/ a (% k|ltzteGbf a9L e"sDk k|lt/ f] wL 3/ lgdf{0f eO;s] sf] j8f cWoIf km'k{';f] gfd tfdfªn] atfP . … sl/ a Ps ;o j6f 3/ xf] 6n ;~rfng ug] { lx;fan] lgdf{0f ePsf

5g\,Ú pgn] eg] . ;flassf] y'dg uflj;df # ;o $$ hgf nfeu|fxL / x] sf] lhNnf cfof] hgf sfof{Gjog PsfO{ cg'bfg Joj: yfkg tyf : yfgLo k"jf{wf/ sfof{non] atfPsf] 5 .

e"sDkkl5 y'dg ufpFdf cfpg] ko{6s klg la: tf/ } a9b} uPsf] xf] 6n Joj;foL kf;fª tfdfªn] atfP . k'glg{df{0fkl5 ufpFdf xf] 6nsf] ;+Vof klg ylkPsf] pgn] atfP . ufpsf] dfly gsynL / x] sf] 5 . gsynLaf6 ltAatsf] e"efu, nfª6fª lxdfn, u0f] z lxdfnnufot y'k|} dgf] / d b[Zo cjnf] sg ug{ ;lsG5 . tfdfª snf / ;+: s[lt, / xg;xgnufot ljleGg If] qsf] cjnf] sg ug{ ko{6s cfpg] u5{g\ .

y'dg ufpFnfO{ xf] d : 6] sf ¿kdf ljsf; ug] { uf] ;fOFs'08 ufpFkflnsf cWoIf s} ;fª g'k{' tfdfªn] atfP . cfGtl/ s ko{6s a9fpg k|b] z ;/ sf/ ;Fu ;dGjo u/ ] / y'dg ufpFdf xf] d: 6] agfpg] ufpFkflnsfsf] of] hgf / x] sf] pgn] eg] . tfdfª ;Dkbf dfu{sf] : ofk|m'a] +;Laf6 uf] Nh'ª, uTnfª lrlnd] , gfsynL x'Fb} y'dg k'Ug ;lsG5 . : ofk|m'a] +;Laf6 l;w} b'O{ 306f k} bnofqfaf6 klg k'Ug ;lsG5 . e"sDkn] w] / } ef} lts Iflt k'of{Psf] : yfgdWo] df kg] { of] ufpF klg Ps xf] . e"sDkdf k/ ] / pQm ufpFdf @ hgfsf] d[To' ePsf] lyof] eg] (( ;o k|ltzt 3/ df Iflt k'u] sf] lyof] .

e"sDk uPsf] $ jif{df / ;'jf lhNnfdf ( xhf/ ^ ;o &# 3/ lgdf{0f ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . kl5Nnf] ;do lhNnfdf k'glg{df{0fn] ult lnO/ x] sf] 5 . lhNnfdf !@ xhf/ $ ;o (@ hgf nfeu|fxL / x] sf 5G . To;dWo] !! xhf/ & ;o $$ hgfn] klxnf] ls: tfafktsf] %) xhf/ a'lem;s] sf 5G . bf] ;|f] ls: tf a'‰g] sf] ;+Vof !) xhf/ ( ;o !! / x] sf] 5 .

( xhf/ ^ ;o &# hgfn] 3/ lgdf{0f ul/ ;s] sf] lhNnf cfof] hgf sfof{Gjog PsfO cg'bfg Joj: yfkg tyf : yfgLo k"jf{wf/ sfof{non] atfPsf] 5 . sl/ a && k|ltztn] 3/ lgdf{0f ;DkGg u/ ] sf] lhNnf cfof] hgf sfof{Gjog PsfO{ cg'bfg Joj: yfkg tyf : yfgLo k"jf{wf/ sfof{nosf ;fdflhs ljsf; ljz] if1 tyf ;"rgf clwsf/ L df} nLwg / fO{n] atfP .

35k'glg{df{0f

ultljlw

k|wfgdGqL s] kL zdf{ cf] nLn] sfe|] sf] w'lnv] nl: yt ;~hLjgL dfWolds ljBfnodf k'glg{df{0f ul/ Psf tLgj6f ejgsf] j} zfv !! ut] ;d'b\3f6g u/ ] sf 5g\ . k|wfgdGqL cf] nLn] k'glg{df{0f ul/ Psf ejgx¿sf] cjnf] sg klg u/ ] .

Pl;ofnL ljsf; a} ª\ssf] cfly{s ;xof] udf g] kfn ;/ sf/ , / fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/ 0fcGtu{tsf] s] G›Lo cfof] hgf sfof{Gjog PsfO -lzIff_ af6 ejgx¿ k'glg{df{0f ul/ Psf x'g\ . ;'ljwf;DkGg ejgx¿sf] k'glg{df{0f nfut ( s/ f] 8 (* nfv ?lkofF 5 . pb\3f6gkl5 tL ljBfno ljBfno Joj: yfkg ;ldltnfO{ x: tfGt/ 0f ul/ Psf] 5 .

sfo{qmddf k|wfgdGqL s] kL zdf{ cf] nLn] e"sDkk|lt/ f] wL ;+/ rgf;lxt ;'ljwf;DkGg ljBfno ag] sfdf v';L JoQm u/ ] . pgn] k'glg{df{0fn] ult lnPsf] eGb} e"sDkaf6 Iflt ePsf afFsL ;+/ rgfsf] klg k'glg{df{0f ug] { atfP . ;~rf/ tyf ;"rgfk|ljlw dGqL uf] s'nk|;fb afF: sf] 6fn] k'glg{df{0fkl5 ljBfnosf] ef} lts ;+/ rgf / fd|f] ePsf] eGb} lzIffsf] u'0f: t/ j[l4df klg ljz] if Wofg lbg'kg] { atfPsf lyP .

/ fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/ 0fsf k|d'v sfo{sf/ L clws[t ;'zLn 1jfnLn] e"sDkk|lt/ f] wL / ;'ljwf;DkGg ljBfno k'glg{df{0fn] cem / fd|f] / alnof] eGg] gf/ f ;fsf/ x'Fb} uPsf] atfPsf lyP . pgn] ljBfnox¿ gd"gfsf ¿kdf k'glg{df{0f eO/ x] sf] eGb}

o: tf ljBfnosf] k'glg{df{0f l56f] ;DkGg ug{ nfluk/ ] sf] klg pNn] v u/ ] .

sfo{qmddf Pl;ofnL ljsf; a} ª\ssf sG6«L 8fO/ ] S6/ d'Vt/ vfd'bvfgf] e, w'lnv] n dxfgu/ kflnsfsf k|d'v czf] ss'df/ Aof~h'nufotn] wf/ 0ff JoQm u/ ] sf lyP .

k|wfgdGqL cf] nLåf/ f ;~hLjgL dfljsf] ejg ;d'b\3f6g

k'glg{df{0fdf lrlgofF ;xof]u hf/L

lrlgof ;xof] usf k'glg{df{0f kl/ of] hgf x] l/ / x] sf] rfOgf / ] Nj] !$cf} + Jo'/ f] u|'ksf clwsf/ Lx¿n] /fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/0fsf l;Ocf] ;'zLn 1jfnLnfO{ e] 6L tL kl/ of] hgfsf] k|ult cj: yfaf/ ] cjut u/ fPsf 5g\ . u|'kn] bz/ y / +uzfnf, tftf] kfgL ;8s, nfrf{l: yt ;'Vvf aGb/ ufxnufotsf kl/ of] hgf k'glg{df{0f ul/ / x] sf] 5 . -afofF_

rfOgf OG6/g]zgn 8]e]nkd]G6 sf]ck/]zg Ph]G;Lsf pkfWoIf 8]ª af]lsªn] g]t[Tj u/]sf] k|ltlglw d08nn] klg k'glg{df{0fsf ljljw ljifodf l;Ocf] 1jfnL;Fu 5nkmn u/]sf 5g\ . -bfofF_

36 k'glg{df{0f

;/ sf/ L pRr: t/ Lo 6f] nLn] c/ lgsf] / fhdfu{sf] ljleGg v08df hf/ L k'glg{df{0f sfo{sf] r} t @^ ut] lg/ LIf0f u/ ] sf] 5 .

k/ / fi6« dGqL k|bLk 1jfnL, ef} lts k"jf{wf/ tyf oftfoft dGqL / 3'jL/ dxf;] 7, k|wfgdGqLsf / fhgLlts ;Nnfxsf/ lji0f' l/ dfn, ljb] z dfldnf ;Nnfxsf/ 8f= / fhg e§/ fO{, / fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/ 0fsf k|d'v sfo{sf/ L clws[t ;'zLn 1jfnL, ;f+;b clUg ;fksf] 6fnufotsf] 6f] nLn] tftf] kfgL gfsf;Dd k'u] / k'glg{df{0f sfo{sf] lg/ LIf0f u/ ] sf] xf] .

6f] nLn] e"sDk / h'/ ] klx/ f] n] Iflt k'¥ofPsf] ;8s v08df eO/ x] sf] k'glg{df{0f sfo{, k'glg{df{0f eO/ x] sf] ;'Svf aGb/ ufx, ldt] / L k'nnufot lg/ LIf0f u/ ] sf] lyof] .

k/ / fi6« dGqL k|bLk 1jfnLn] e"sDkkl5 aGb ePsf] tftf] kfgL gfsf k'gM ;~rfng ;/ sf/ sf] k|fyldstfdf / x] sf] atfP . k|flws/ 0fsf k|d'v sfo{sf/ L clws[t 1jfnLn] tftf] kfgL gfsf k'gM ;~rfngsf] dxTjnfO{ uDeL/ ¿kdf lnP/ ;f] v08df ug{'kg] { k'glg{df{0f sfo{nfO{ cl3 a9fpg k|flws/ 0fn] g] kfn / lrlgof kIf;Fu ;dGjo

ul/ / x] sf] atfP .;8s, k'nnufotsf k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0fdf

;+nUg lrlgofF kIfn] b'O{ dlxgfleq ldt] / L k'nsf] k'glg{df{0f ;DkGg x'g] hfgsf/ L u/ fPsf] 5 . ;f+;b clUg ;fksf] 6fn]

ldt] / L k'n k'glg{df{0f ;DkGg ePkl5 gfsf k'gM ;~rfngdf cfpg] atfPsf lyP . @)&@ j} zfvdf cfPsf] e"sDkn] ;8s, k'nnufotsf ef} lts ;+/ rgfdf Jofks Iflt k'¥ofPkl5 tftf] kfgL gfsf aGb ePsf] lyof] .

ultljlw

c/ lgsf] / fhdfu{sf] lg/ LIf0f

pRr cbfnt kf6gsf GofofwLz g/ ] G›s'df/ lzjfsf] 6L -afofFaf6 bf] ;|f] _ / fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/ 0f k'g/ fj] bg

;ldltsf] cWoIf ePkl5 pgnfO{ :jfut ub}{ k|flws/ 0fsf k|d'v sfo{sf/ L clws[t ;'zLn 1jfnL . 1jfnLn] lzjfsf] 6Lsf]

g] t[Tjdf e"sDkkLl8t nfeu|fxLsf ph'/ Lx¿sf] ;'g'jfOn] yk ult lng]

ljZjf; lnPsf 5g\ .

k|flws/ 0f k'g/ fj] bg ;ldltdf pRr cbfntsf

GofofwL;

37k'glg{df{0f

k'glg{df{0fsf] If] qdf rfn' cfly{s jif{ @)&%÷&^ sf] bf] ;|f] rf} df;df ePsf sfo{x¿sf] k|ult ;dLIff ul/ Psf] 5 . / fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/ 0fsf] ;efxndf r} t @$ ut] ePsf] sfo{qmddf rfn' cfly{s jif{sf] dlª\;/ b] lv kmfu'g;Dd lghL cfjf; lgdf{0fsf] cg'bfg ljt/ 0f, lghL cfjf; k'glg{df{0fnufot z} lIfs, : jf: Yo, ;/ sf/ L, k'/ ftflTjs tyf ;'/ Iff ;+/ rgf k'glg{df{0fsf] ef} lts tyf ljQLo k|ultsf ;fy} o; cjlwdf b] lvPsf r'gf} tLx¿sf] ;dLIff ul/ Psf] xf] .

;dLIff sfo{qmddf p7] sf ljleGg ;jfnsf] ;Daf] wg ub} { k|d'v sfo{sf/ L clws[t ;'zLn 1jfnL, ;lrj ch{'gs'df/ sfsL{ / sfo{sf/ L ;ldlt ;b: o w'|jk|;fb zdf{n] k'glg{df{0fsf sfo{x¿ of] hgfa4¿kdf cl3 a9] sf] wf/ 0ff / fv] sf lyP . pgLx¿n] rfn' cfly{s jif{sf nflu tf] lsPsf nIo k|fKt ug{ kxnx¿ cem s] lG›t ug{'kg] { pNn] v u/ ] sf lyP . sfo{qmddf k|flws/ 0fsf ;x;lrj lktfDa/ l3ld/ ] n] k'glg{df{0fsf ;du| If] qdf bf] ;|f] rf} df;df ePsf] k'glg{df{0fsf] ;du| cj: yfaf/ ] k|: t'tLs/ 0f u/ ] sf lyP .

To;} u/ L, ;dLIff sfo{qmddf s] G›Lo cfof] hgf sfof{Gjog PsfO -ejg_ sf cfof] hgf lgb] {zs gj/ fh Kofs'/ ] n, s] G›Lo

cfof] hgf sfof{Gjog PsfO -cg'bfg Joj: yfkg tyf : yfgLo k"jf{wf/ _ sf cfof] hgf lgb] {zs u0f] z/ fh j: tL, s] G›Lo cfof] hgf sfof{Gjog PsfO -lzIff_ sf cfof] hgf lgb] {zs Odgf/ fo0f >] i7n] cfcfˆgf] cfof] hgfsf] cj: yfaf/ ] hfgsf/ L u/ fPsf lyP .

k'/ ftTj ljefusf lgldQ dxflgb] {zs bfdf] b/ uf} tdn] k'/ ftflTjs tyf ;f+: s[lts ;Dkbfx¿sf] k'glg{df{0fsf] cj: yfaf/ ] k|: t'lt

u/ ] sf lyP . k|x/ L pk/ LIfs O= eQmaxfb'/ ad / ;z: q k|x/ L ansf k|x/ L gfoj pk/ LIfs ldngdfg df: s] n] cf–cfˆgf] ;ª\u7gsf ;+/ rgfsf] k'glg{df{0faf/ ] hfgsf/ L u/ fPsf lyP . ;8s ljefucGtu{t Pl;ofnL ljsf; a} ª\ssf] ;xof] udf ;8s k'glg{df{0f cfof] hgfsf pklgb] {zs ;'/ ] z kf} 8] nn] cfof] hgfcGtu{tsf ;8s k'glg{df{0fsf] kl5Nnf] cj: yf cjut u/ fPsf lyP .

k|flws/0fsf] bf] ;|f] rf} dfl;s ;dLIff ;DkGg

;z: q k|x/ Lsf (@ k|ltzt ejg k'glg{df{0f eP;z: q k|x/ L an, g] kfnn] e"sDkkl5

Ifltu|: t ePsf cfˆgf ;+/ rgfx¿sf] (@ k|ltzteGbf a9L k'glg{df{0f ;DkGg u/ ] sf] 5 . afFsL clGtd r/ 0fdf 5g\ .

ut r}t # ut] / fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/ 0fdf k'glgdf{0f;DaGwL cfly{s jif{ @)&%÷)&^ sf] k|ult k|: t't ub} { ansf jl/ i7 pk/ LIfs O{= ;GbLk yfkfn] k'glg{df{0f sfo{ ;~rfng ePsf @* dWo] @^ j6fsf] ;Dk"0f{ sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf] hfgsf/ L lbP .

k'glg{df{0f ;DkGg ePsf ;+/ rgfx¿df ;z: q k|x/ L an g] kfnsf] k|wfg sfof{nonufot ljleGg aflxgL, u0f tyf u'Ndsf x] 8Sjf{6/ 5g\ . yfkfsf cg';f/ k'glg{df{0f ;DkGg x'g cfF6] sf b'O{ ;+/ rgfdWo]

afFsL g'jfsf] 6 ssgLl: yt ;z: q k|x/ L an o'=Pg= zflGt : yfkgf tflnd lzIffnosf] ejgsf] (% k|ltzt lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg eO;s] sf] 5 . To;} u/ L kf] v/ fl: yt ;z: q k|x/ L an g] kfn g++=$ d'lQmgfy aflxgL d'Vofno kf] v/ fsf] lkmlgl;ª sfo{ eO/ x] sf] 5 . oL ;+/ rgfsf] k'glg{df{0f cfufdL j} zfvleq ;DkGg x'g] hfgsf/ L klg yfkfn] lbP .

ansf] sf7df8f} F pkTosfleq lgnaf/ fxLl: yt g+= !* u0fsf] x] 8{Sjf6{/ df / x] sf @ j6f ax'tn] Aof/ ] s tyf k|wfg sfof{nosf] k] G6fugsf] k|jnLs/ 0f sfo{sf ;fy} aª\unfd'vLl: yt g+= !( u0fsf] x] 8Sjf{6/ sf] ejg k'glg{df{0f ug{ sl/ a ^

s/ f] 8 %) nfv ?lkofF yk ah] 6 cfjZos / x] sf] klg yfkfn] atfP .

sfo{qmddf / fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/ 0fsf k|d'v sfo{sf/ L clws[t ;'zLn 1jfnLn] e"sDkkl5sf] p4f/ tyf k'g: yf{kgfdf ;z: q k|x/ L ann] k'¥ofPsf] of] ubfgsf] : d/ 0f ub} { cfufdL lbgdf cfpg ;Sg] ljkb\kl5sf] p4f/ tyf k'g: yf{kgfdf dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v] Ng'kg] { ;+: yfsf ef} lts ;+/ rgfx¿sf] k'glg{df{0fnfO{ k"0f{tf lbg k|flws/ 0fn] oyf;Dej ;xof] u ug] { atfP . ;z: q k|x/ L ansf Ifltu|: t ;+/ rgfx¿sf] k'glg{df{0fsf nflu / fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/ 0faf6 xfn;Dd $) s/ f] 8 #^ nfv ?lkofF lgsf;f ePsf] 5 .

38 k'glg{df{0f

dxfgu/ Lo k|x/ L k|efu ;fFv'sf] k'glg{ld{t ejgsf] / fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/ 0fsf k|d'v sfo{sf/ L clws[t ;'zLn 1jfnLn] ut r}t @^ ut] pb\3f6g u/ ] . k|flws/ 0fsf] # s/ f] 8 $$ nfv &$ xhf/ # ;o #) ?lkofF cfly{s ;xof] udf ejg k'glg{df{0f ePsf] xf] . @)&$ c;f/ @ ut] ejg lgdf{0f ;'? ePsf] lyof] .

k|efusf] k'glg{ld{t ejg kl/ ;/ df cfof] lht pb\3f6g sfo{qmddf k|d'v sfo{sf/ L clws[t 1jfnLn] gful/ ssf] zflGt ;'/ Iffsf cltl/ Qm e"sDknufotsf ljkb\df p2f/ tyf / fxtsf nflu lqmofzLn x'g'kg] { ;'/ Iff lgsfosf Ifltu|: t ;+/ rgfx¿sf] k'glg{df{0fdf k|flws/ 0fn] hf] 8 lbPsf] atfPsf lyP . pgn] k'glg{ld{t ;'ljwf ;DkGg ejgaf6 hgtfnfO{ zflGt ;'/ Iff lbg] sfo{df 6] jf ldNg] tyf o;af6 ;d'bfo–k|x/ L ;fem] bf/ Ldf klg a9f] Q/ L x'g] ljZjf; klg JoQm u/ ] .

zª\v/ fk'/ gu/ kflnsfsf d] o/ ;'j0f{ >] i7n] sf7df8f} F pkTosfsf] Pp6f ;+j] bgzLn gfsf If] qdf / x] sf] k|x/ L sfof{non] k|efjsf/ L ;] jf lbg] sfo{df k'glg{ld{t ejg lgs} ;xof] uL x'g] wf/ 0ff / fv] sf lyP . k|x/ L k|wfg sfof{no

ef} lts k"jf{wf/ lgb] {zgfno gS;fnsf k|x/ L gfoj dxflg/ LIfs nf] s] zrG› l;+xn] Ifltu|: t k|x/ L sfof{no lgdf{0fdf ;xof] u u/ ] sfdf / fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/ 0fnfO{ wGojfb lbPsf lyP .

pb\3f6g sfo{qmddf k|x/ L gfoj

dxflg/ LIfs z} n] z yfkf IfqLsf] klg pkl: ylt lyof] . dxfgu/ Lo k|x/ L kl/ ;/ k|d'v k|x/ L jl/ i7 pk/ LIfs j;Gts'df/ nfdfn] : jfut dGtJo / fv] sf lyP . g] kfn k|x/ Lsf cg';f/ k'glg{df{0f ug{'kg] { !#( ejg ;+/ rgfdWo] %! j6f ;DkGg eO;s] sf 5g\ .

ultljlw

;fFv'df k'glg{ld{t k|x/ L ejgsf] pb\3f6g

k'glg{ld{t ;fFv'–kfn'jf/L–gu/sf]6 ;8s k|b]z g+ # nfO{ x:tfGt/0f ul/Psf] 5 . !* s/f]8 $* nfvdf k'glg{df{0f ePsf] !)=$ lsdL nfdf] pQm kSsL ;8s k"j{ k|wfgdGqL Pj+ ;f] If]qsf ;f+;b dfwjs'df/ g]kfn, k'glg{df{0f k|flws/0fsf l;Ocf] ;'zLn 1jfnLsf] pkl:yltdf x:tfGt/0f ul/Psf] xf] .

;fFv'–kfn'jf/L–gu/sf]6 ;8s k'glg{df{0f ;DkGg

39k'glg{df{0f

l;+xb/ af/ sf] klZrd efunfO{ klg / ] 6«f] lkml6ª ul/ g]

/ fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/ 0fn] e"sDkaf6 Iflt k'u] sf] l;+xb/ af/ sf] d'Vo ejgsf] klZrd efunfO{ klg / ] 6«f] lkml6ª -k|jnLs/ 0f_ u/ ] / ;+/ If0f ug] { ePsf] 5 .

;ª\3Lo ;+;b\sf] ljsf; tyf k|ljlw ;ldltdf r} t !( ut] / fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/ 0fsf k|d'v sfo{sf/ L clws[t ;'zLn 1jfnLn] kl5Nnf] cWoogn] / ] 6«f] lkml6ª u/ ] / cem} alnof] agfpg ;lsg] b] vfPsfn] k|flws/ 0fn] klZrd efusf] / ] 6«f] lkml6ª ug] { u/ L k|lqmof cl3 a9fPsf] hfgsf/ L lbP .

xfn l;+xb/ af/ sf] pQ/ , k"j{ / blIf0f efudf / ] 6«f] lkml6ª sfo{ eO/ x] sf] 5 . cWoogn] l;+xb/ af/ sf] d'Vo kvf{nx¿df 7"nf] Iflt gePsf] , k|of] u ePsf OF6f alnof] / x] sf] , s] xL sf7 eg] km] g{'kg] { b] vfPsf] 5 .

k|d'v sfo{sf/ L clws[t 1jfnLn] k'/ ftflTjs ;Dkbf ;+/ If0fsf] cjwf/ 0ffcg';f/ l;+xb/ af/ sf] / ] 6«f] lkml6ª ug] { hfgsf/ L lbP . pgn] / ] 6«f] lkml6ªsf] l8hfOg;d] t k|fKt eO;s] sfn] k|lqmof l56} cl3 a9\g] atfP . k|ltlglw ;ef / x] sf] ;+;b\sf] k'/ fgf] ejg eTsfP/ gofF agfpg

;'emfj cfPsf] hfgsf/ L lbFb} 1jfnLn] k'/ fgf] ejgnfO{ / ] 6«f] lkml6ª u/ ] / ;+/ If0f ug] { ls gofF ;+/ rgf agfpg] eGg] af/ ] ;'emfj lbg ;f+;bx¿nfO{ cfu|x u/ ] . pgn] k/ / fi6« dGqfnoaf6 : 6] 6 xnsf ¿kdf sfo{qmd cl3 a9fpg ;'emfj cfPsf] hfgsf/ L klg lbP .

;f+;b u0f] z kxf8Ln] ;+;b\sf] k'/ fgf] ejgnfO{ / ] 6«f] lkml6ª ug{'eGbf eTsfP/ cGt/ f{li6«o : t/ sf] agfpg ;'emfj lbP .

a} 7sdf 1jfnLn] k'glg{df{0fdf xfn;Dd ePsf pknlAw / sfo{of] hgf k|: t't u/ ] sf lyP .

;ldltsL ;efklt sNof0fL v8\sfn] kl5Nnf] ;do k'glg{df{0fsf sfdx¿ b] lvg] u/ L eO/ x] sf] atfpFb} u'gf;f] ;Daf] wg, u'Daf k'glg{df{0fnufotnfO{ k|fyldstfdf / fv] / sfd ug{ ;'emfj lbP .

a} 7sdf ;f+;bx¿n] u'gf;f] ;Daf] wg, u'Daf k'glg{df{0f, a: tL : yfgfGt/ 0f, k'glg{df{0fsf] ah] 6, ;8s k'glg{df{0f, vfg] kfgL, hLljsf] kfh{g, ljBfno k'glg{df{0f, ;Dkbf k'glg{df{0fnufotaf/ ] lh1f;f / fv] sf lyP .

e"sDkaf6 k|efljt / ;'jf lhNnfsf ljleGg hf] lvdk"0f{ a: tLaf6 la: yflkt ! ;o ( e"sDkkLl8tnfO{ ;'/ lIft : yfgdf cfjf; k'glg{df{0f ug{ vl/ b ul/ Psf] hUufsf] hUuf wgL k|df0f k'hf{ ljt/ 0f ul/ Psf] 5 . / ;'jfsf uf] ug] , 8fF8fufpFnufotsf : yfgaf6 la: yflkt pgLx¿nfO{ pQ/ uof ufpFkflnsf j8f gDa/ ! lt?df lghL cfjf; k'glg{df{0f ug{ / fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/ 0fn] k|ltkl/ jf/ @ nfv ?lkofFsf b/ n] pknAw u/ fPsf] / sdaf6 nfeu|fxLn] : j] R5fn] hUuf vl/ b u/ ] sf lyP .

/ ;'jfsf] d} n'ªdf r} t !* ut] cfof] lht Ps sfo{qmddf k|ltlglw ;ef ;b: o df] xg cfrfo{, # gDa/ k|b] z ;ef ;b: o k|] d tfdfª / / fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/ 0fsf sfo{sf/ L ;ldlt ;b: o w'j|k|;fb zdf{n] pgLx¿nfO{ hUuf wgL k|df0f k'hf{ ljt/ 0f u/ ] . hUuf wgL k|df0f k'hf{ kfPsf ! ;o ( / ;f] xL : yfgdf hUuf ePsf !$ u/ L Ps ;o @# kl/ jf/ PsLs[t a: tL ljsf; ug] { of] hgfdf 5g\ .

sfo{sf/ L ;ldlt ;b: o zdf{n] PsLs[t a: tL ljsf;sf] of] hgfsf] k|f/ lDes vfsf k|flws/ 0fdf k] z u/ L zL3| lghL cfjf; k'glg{df{0f ug{ nfeu|fxLx¿nfO{ cfu|x u/ ] .

e"sDksf sf/ 0f hf] lvdk"0f{ ePsf a: tLaf6 ;'/ lIft : yfgdf 3/ lgdf{0fsf nflu 38] / L vl/ b ug{ k|flws/ 0fn] k|ltkl/ jf/ @ nfv ?lkofF;Dd pknAw u/ fpFb} cfPsf] 5 . o;/ L @ nfv lnO{ 38] / L vl/ b u/ ] sf nfeu|fxLn] klg lghL cfjf; k'glg{df{0f ug{ # nfv ?lkofF kfpF5g\ .

/;'jfsf ! ;o ( kl/ jf/ nfO{ hUuf wgL k|df0f k'hf{

40 k'glg{df{0f

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l;Gw'kfNrf]s d]nDrL–# x}a'ªsf] Pp6f a:tL . j8f ;lrj >Ls[i0f vqLsf cg';f/ oxfFsf] &&) nfeu|fxLdWo] ^)) eGbf a9Ln] 3/ k'glg{df{0f ul/;s]sf 5g\ . afFsL 3/dWo] clwsf+z lgdf{0f k|lqmofdf 5g\ .

l;Gw'kfNrf]s d]nDrL–# x}a'ªsf a'w]k|tfk tfdfª cfˆgf] k'glgld{t 3/cufl8 .

tl:a/x? M bLks ;fksf]6f l;Gw'kfNrf]s d]nDrL–@ ef}6]rf}/sf] Pp6f a:tL . k|flws/0faf6 vl6Psf ;a–Ol~hlgo/ wghL/ rf}w/L -bfofF_ sf cg';f/ oxfFsf () k|ltzt nfeu|fxLsf] 3/ alg;s]sf] 5 . u'gf;f]af6 nfeu|fxLdf gfd lg:s]kl5 o;} j8fsf k/z'/fd vltj8f -afofF_ n] l8lk;L u/L bf];|f] ls:tfsf] lgj]bg lbO;s]sf 5g\ .

x}a'ªsf lbnLk tfdfªn] cfˆgf] gfd nfeu|fxLsf] ;"rLdf gk/]kl5 u'gf;f] btf{ u/fP . cf7 dlxgfcl3 pgsf] gfd nfeu|fxLdf lgl:sof] . tfdfªn] klxnf] ls:tf lnP/ 3/ lgdf{0f ;'? u/]sf 5g\ .

/ fli6«o k'glg{d{f0f k|flws/ 0fl;+xb/ jf/ , sf7df8f} F

5"6 tyf k'gM hfFr ;j{] If0f @)&% sf] ;"rgf

5'6 tyf k'gM hfFr ;j] {If0f cGtu{t : ynut nut ;+sngsf] ;dol;df @)&^ j} zfv

d;fGt;Dd tf] lsPsf] df ljz] if sf/ 0fjz ;dod} ;a} lhNnfx¿df nut ;+sngsf] sfo{

z'? x'g g;s] sfn] k|flws/ 0fsf] lg0f{ocg';f/ ;j] {If0fsf] nut ;+sngsf] ;dol;df

@)&^ h] i7 d;fGt;Dd tf] lsPsf] 5 . cf–cfˆgf] If] qdf vl6Psf k|fljlwsx¿ dfkm{t

tf] lsPsf] ;dodf cf–cfˆgf] nut ;+sng u/fpg'x'g ;a} u'gf;f] stf{x¿df xflb{s cg'/ f] w

ul/ G5 . ;Dk"0f{ : yfgLo txsf kbflwsf/ Lx¿nfO{ jf: tljs kLl8tx¿sf] oyfy{k/ s

nut ;+sng sfo{df ;xof] u ul/ lbg'x'g ;d] t c'g/ f] w ul/ G5 . j} slNks jf;sf]

Joj: yf ePsfx¿nfO{ ;j] {If0fdf ;dfj] z gug{x'g ;d] t cg'/ f] w ul/ G5 . u} / kLl8tx¿sf]

l;kmfl/ z ul/ Psf] kfO{Pdf l;kmfl/ zstf{nfO{ sf/jfxL x'g] ;d] t hfgsf/ L u/ fO{G5 . o;

;DaGwdf yk hfgsf/ Lsf nflu ;DalGwt lhNnfsf cfof] hgf sfof{Gjog OsfO{df jf

cf–cfˆgf] : yfgLo txdf ;Dks{ / fVg'xf] nf .

/fli6«o k'glg{d{f0f k|flws/0fl;+xb/af/, sf7df8f}F

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/fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/0fl;+xb/af/, sf7df8f}+

kmf]g M 01-4211482, 01-4211465 ˆofS; M 01-4211473 x]NknfOg M 1660-01-72000 –Pgl^;L_ 9801572111 –Pg;]n_

Od]n : [email protected] www.nra.gov.np

National Reconstruction Authority

@NRANepal

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of] k|sfzg g]zgn 8]df]qm]l6s OlG:6Ro"6 km/ OG6/g]zgn ckm]o;{÷cGt/f{li6«o ljsf;sf nflu cd]l/sL ;xfotf lgof]usf] ;xof]udf k|sflzt ul/Psf] xf] .

/fd]5fksf] lnv' tfdfs]fzL ufpFkflnsfsf] ;}+k'df ?= ! s/f]8 &^ nfvdf k'glg{df{0f ;DkGg >L ;lxb :d[lt dfWolds ljBfno .

*)Ü nfeu|fxL k'glg{df{0f k|lqmofdf /f}gs kmsf{pFb} 5 x...

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