October 8, 2007 Don Martin AND APPLICATIONS · Bipolar HVDC line, modeled as one dc line in PSS/E...
Transcript of October 8, 2007 Don Martin AND APPLICATIONS · Bipolar HVDC line, modeled as one dc line in PSS/E...
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HVDC STUDIESAND APPLICATIONS
ERCOTOctober 8, 2007
Don Martin
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CLASSIC HVDC STATION COMPONENTS
11thharmonicfilter
11thharmonicfilter
13thharmonicfilter
13thharmonicfilter
High-passfilter
High-passfilter
AC yard
Valve hall
AC bus
Pole line
Electrodelines
Pole line
DC filter
DC yardConverter
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CLASSIC HVDC REACTIVE POWER BALANCE
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HVDC Classic Steady-State Model
POWER FLOW MODELING
Pcon = +1.0 PU (-1.0 PU)
Qcon = -0.5 PU (-0.5 PU)
Qcap= +0.5 PU
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HVDC LIGHT STATION CHARACTERISTICS
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HVDC Light Steady-State Model
POWER FLOW MODELING
Pcon = +1.0 PU (-1.0 PU)
Qmax = +0.35 PU
Qmin = -0.50 PU
Qcap +0.15 PU
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HVDC SIMPLIFIED STEADY-STATE MODELS
Investigate Typical Planning Study Requirements:Thermal loadingReactive power requirements Power transfer limits and changes in the system power flowVoltage profilesSystem losses
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ABB HVDC Classic Calculations
Optimized designTypical estimate, Nominal conditions
α=15 degreedxN= 0.065drN= 0.003UT=0.3/250 pu (0.12%) of UdN /6-pulse bridge; i.e., negligible
Equations per 6-pulse bridgeOnce the above definition of dx is taken into account, and UT is neglected, the equations are essentially the same as those in the PSS/E Manual.
230 Ndi
vNUU ⋅=
πdNvN II ⋅=
32
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HVDC DETAILED CLASSIC STEADY-STATE MODELS
Also Provide HVDC System Operating Parameters:• DC Voltages• Converter P & Q • DC Currents• α, γ, μ (firing, extinction, and overlap angles)• Converter Transformer Taps• DC System Losses
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HVDC DETAILED CLASSIC STEADY-STATE MODELS
• A loadflow model of HVDC is necessary in order to be able to initialize its dynamic model.
• It is also useful for providing the approximate steady-state response of HVDC to changes in terminal voltage during loadflow studies.
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HVDC Classic Configurations
Bipolar HVDC line, modeled as one dc line in PSS/E
VSCHD= 2*500 = 1000 kVRDC= 2*0.01 = 0.02 Ω/km
Monopolar operation with ground return(one pole out or cable)
Monopolar operation with metallic return
Bipolar HVDC line, modeled as two dc linesin PSS/E
500 kVdc
1000 kVdc
Rdc=0.01 / km
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HVDC Classic Configurations
Bipolar HVDC line, modeled as one dc line in PSS/E
Monopolar operation with ground return(one pole out or cable)
VSCHD= 500 kVRDC= 0.01 Ω/km
Monopolar operation with metallic return
Bipolar HVDC line, modeled as two dc lines in PSS/E
500 kVdc
Rdc=0.01 / km
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HVDC Classic Configurations
Bipolar HVDC line, modeled as one dc line in PSS/E
Monopolar operation with ground return(one pole out or cable)
Monopolar operation with metallic return
VSCHD= 500 kVRDC= 2*0.01 = 0.02 Ω/km
Bipolar HVDC line, modeled as two dc lines in PSS/E
500 kVdc
Rdc=0.01 / km
Rdc=0.01 / km
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HVDC Classic Configurations
Bipolar HVDC line, modeled as one dc line in PSS/EMonopolar operation with ground return(one pole out or cable)Monopolar operation with metallic returnBipolar HVDC line, modeled as two dc lines in PSS/ETwo entries
VSCHD= 500 kVRDC= 0.01 Ω/km
500 kVdc
Rdc=0.01 / km
Rdc=0.01 / km
500 kVdc
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HVDC DYNAMIC MODELS
FPD FPD
DCR
CC
DCR
COR
GR
COR
CRαR
αI
frequency (FLJO-2)control
modulation (FLJOGG)control
Udc or Uac
CR
IO1 IO
Udc
DIODI+ +
++IOi
DGAM
IO1 IO
DF DF
γ
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VDCOL function
HVDC Classic Control
VDCOL characteristics Main characteristics With/Without VDCOL
avoid power instability during and after disturbances in the a.c. networkdefine a fast and controlled restart after clearance of a.c. and d.c. faultsavoid stresses on the thyristors at continuous commutation failuresuppress the probability of consecutive commutation failures at recovery
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Firing Angle Limits and VDCOL
Firing angle limits – alpha min for rectifier operation, minimum commutation margin for inverter operationMinimum firing voltage for rectifier operation for disturbancesVoltage dependent current order limiter for controlling dynamic reactive power demand during start-up and disturbance recoveryVDCOL time constants – fast for decreasing voltage, slower for increasing voltageVDCOL up time constant speed dependent on system strength
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HVDC DETAILED DYNAMIC MODELS
HVDC CONTROLLABILTY CAN BE USED TO ENHANCE SYSTEM DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE:
Frequency ControlModulation for System Stabilization System Oscillation DampingReactive Power ControlAC Voltage ControlFast Remedial Action Responses
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Conventional HVDC – 3 ph rectifier ac fault
Gamma Inverter
Io, Id Inverter
Vac Inv (rectified)
Io, Id Rectifier
Vac Rectifier (rectified)
Alpha Rectifier
Vd Inverter
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Conventional HVDC – 1 ph rectifier ac fault
Gamma Inverter
Io, Id Inverter
Vac Inv (rectified)
Io, Id Rectifier
Vac Rectifier (rectified)
Alpha Rectifier
Vd Inverter
Half power transmitted during fault
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Conventional HVDC – 1 ph rectifier remote ac fault
Gamma Inverter
Io, Id Inverter
Vac Inv (rectified)
Io, Id Rectifier
Vac Rectifier (rectified)
Alpha Rectifier
Vd Inverter
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Conventional HVDC – 3 ph inverter ac fault
Gamma Inverter
Io, Id Inverter
Vac Inv (rectified)
Io, Id Rectifier
Vac Rectifier (rectified)
Alpha Rectifier
Vd Inverter
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Conventional HVDC – 3 ph remote inverter ac fault
Gamma Inverter
Io, Id Inverter
Vac Inv (rectified)
Io, Id Rectifier
Vac Rectifier (rectified)
Alpha Rectifier
Vd Inverter
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Gamma Inverter
Io, Id Inverter
Vac Inv (rectified)
Io, Id Rectifier
Vac Rectifier (rectified)
Alpha Rectifier
Vd Inverter
Conventional HVDC – DC Pole Fault
Deionization time
Half power on other poleCan compensate transiently
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Power Flow Model for HVDC Light
Two Power Flow “Generators”
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Modular concept
M9 =1140 MVAM8 =747 MVAM7 =380 MVA± 300 kV
M6 =570 MVAM5 =373 MVAM4 =190 MVA± 150 kV
M3 =304 MVAM2 =199 MVAM1 =101 MVA± 80 kVVoltages1740A (6 sub)1140A (4 sub)580A (2 sub)
CurrentsHVDC Light® modules
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Load Flow data for HVDC Light®
The PQ-diagram (limitations)
PCC Filter bus
Generator modelto represent the
converter
ZSOURCE
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Principals of the model - PSS/E
First converter / Second converterThis naming is only to give the converters different referencesThere is no priority or differences in controls based on this namingEither converter can operate in inverter or rectifier modeOne of the converters is in dc voltage control and the other is in active power controlEach of the converters can independently be set in ac voltage or reactive power control mode
DC_HL2
First converter Second converter
CHVDCL
PCC Filter bus
Generator modelto represent the
converter
ACsystem
CHVDCL
PCCFilter bus
Generator modelto represent the
converter
ACsystem
Dynamic modelLoad flow model
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Converter control - PSS/E
The CHVDCL model represents the HVDC Light converter control
Recognizes the following actions:
AC voltage control or reactive power control
Active power control or DC voltage control
Current output limitation
Internal converter voltage limitations
PCC PCC
Inner current control
Phase current
limit
Converter voltage
limit
Active power control
DC voltage control
AC voltage control
Reactive power control
Uac ref
Uac ref
Qref
UacCtrl
Qref
QCtrl
Pref
Pref
Udc ref
UdcCtrl
PCtrl
UdcUpcc
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Converter control, user interaction
Additionally, the HVDC Light model accommodates the following actions by the user:
Power ramping, by modifying the power orderConverter blockingModulation by an external control, separate auxiliary inputs formodulation
Porder
Qorder
Uacorder
Passive Net operation (optional)Black startOff shore applications (drilling, windfarms, etc.)
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HVDC Light Dynamic Performance
P
Q
VA
VB
VC
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HVDC Light Dynamic Performance
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Cross Sound - Step Response Test
No Change in Reactive Power Demand or AC Voltage
First energized July 22, 2002Heat-run test August 7, 2002330 MW VSC Transmission
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Troll A – Solid 1-phase fault in Kollsnes, 132-kV bus
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1-100
-50
0
50
100
kV
Motor phase voltages
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1-150
-100
-50
0
50
100
150
kV
PCC phase voltages
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Troll A – Solid 3-phase fault in Kollsnes, 132-kV bus
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1-100
-50
0
50
100
kV
Motor phase voltages
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1-150
-100
-50
0
50
100
150
kV
PCC phase voltages
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HVDC Model Availability
Note: Detailed and Reduced Model generally require ABB to provide data to properly model the system
NoYesHVDC Light - Detailed
YesYesHVDC Light - Reduced
YesYesHVDC Conventional
AvailableAvailable
PSLFPSS/E
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HVDC DETAILED DYNAMIC CAPABILITIES
EXAMPLES OF HVDC CONTROLLABILTY USED TO ENHANCE SYSTEM DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE:
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0
400
800
1200
1600
POLE POWERMW
0 2 64 8MINUTES
-60 MW/MIN1200 MW/MIN
IPP HVDC POLE CAPABILITY
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Voltage StabilizationConstant Frequency ControlFrequency StabilizationSpinning Reserve Sharing
NEW ZEALAND HVDC UPGRADE LINK
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New Zealand System Performance Enhancement with HVDC Control
Required Extensive Stability Studies
NEW ZEALAND HVDC UPGRADE LINK
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Q- NE HVDC Multiterminal Studies
Radisson
MontrealNicolet
Des Cantons
Comerford
Sandy Pond Boston
New YorkAtlanticOcean
Radisson
MontrealNicolet
Des Cantons
Comerford
Sandy Pond Boston
New YorkAtlanticOcean
Radisson Frequency Control StudyPower Modulation Control for Hydro-Quebec SystemPower Modulation Control for New England SystemRadisson Dynamic OvervoltageStudy
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HVDC PERFORMANCE
HVDC CONTROL HAS CAPABILITY FOR:
No inadvertent or loop flowImprove AC system stabilityImprove AC system dampingOptimize loss performanceParticipate in remedial action schemesProvide voltage support and control