Objectives 1. Describe and explain the three parts of the cell theory 1. Describe and explain the...
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Transcript of Objectives 1. Describe and explain the three parts of the cell theory 1. Describe and explain the...
ObjectivesObjectives 1. Describe and explain the three parts 1. Describe and explain the three parts
of the cell theoryof the cell theory
2. Determine why cells are so small2. Determine why cells are so small
3. Compare and contrast the structure 3. Compare and contrast the structure of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cellsof Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
4. Describe the structure of the cell 4. Describe the structure of the cell membranemembrane
Cell FeaturesCell Features
Group ChallengeGroup Challenge
What are 5 characteristics of the What are 5 characteristics of the cell?cell?
Why are cells so small?Why are cells so small?
Group ChallengeGroup Challenge
How are cells made?How are cells made?
What do cells make up?What do cells make up?
What protects the cell?What protects the cell?
Cell TheoryCell Theory
Schleiden, Schwann, and VirchowSchleiden, Schwann, and Virchow
1. All living things are made of one or 1. All living things are made of one or more cellsmore cells
2. Cells are the basic units of structure 2. Cells are the basic units of structure and functionand function
3. All cells arise from existing cells3. All cells arise from existing cells
Common Features of CellsCommon Features of Cells
Cell Membrane – encloses the cell Cell Membrane – encloses the cell and separates the cell interior from and separates the cell interior from outside the cell. Regulates what outside the cell. Regulates what comes in and out of the cell. comes in and out of the cell.
Cytoplasm – region of cell within the Cytoplasm – region of cell within the membrane that includes the fluid, membrane that includes the fluid, cytoskeleton, and all organelles cytoskeleton, and all organelles except the nucleus.except the nucleus.
Common Features of CellsCommon Features of Cells
Cytoskeleton – the cytoplasmic Cytoskeleton – the cytoplasmic network of protein filaments that network of protein filaments that play a role in cell movement, shape, play a role in cell movement, shape, and division.and division.
Ribosomes – a cell organelle Ribosomes – a cell organelle composed of RNA and protein composed of RNA and protein synthesis.synthesis.
ProkaryotesProkaryotes
Smallest and simplest cellSmallest and simplest cell Single celled, lacks a nucleus and Single celled, lacks a nucleus and
other internal compartmentsother internal compartments Therefore can’t carry out many Therefore can’t carry out many
specialized functionsspecialized functions• Example BacteriaExample Bacteria
Characteristics of ProkaryotesCharacteristics of Prokaryotes
Can Exist in a broad range of Can Exist in a broad range of environmentsenvironments
Enzymes and Ribosomes are free to move Enzymes and Ribosomes are free to move around in the cytoplasm.around in the cytoplasm.
No internal structures to divide the cellNo internal structures to divide the cell Single circular molecule of DNASingle circular molecule of DNA Have a cell wall that provides structure Have a cell wall that provides structure
and support and made of polysaccharidesand support and made of polysaccharides Cell wall can be surrounded by a capsule Cell wall can be surrounded by a capsule
which enables cell to cling to other objectswhich enables cell to cling to other objects
Characteristics of ProkaryotesCharacteristics of Prokaryotes
Many Prokaryotes have a flagella.Many Prokaryotes have a flagella. Flagella – a long threadlike structure Flagella – a long threadlike structure
that protrude from the cells surface.that protrude from the cells surface.
What is the function of a flagellaWhat is the function of a flagella
Prokaryotic CellProkaryotic Cell
Eukaryotic CellsEukaryotic Cells
The first cells with compartmentThe first cells with compartment Eukaryotic Cells have a nucleusEukaryotic Cells have a nucleus
• Nucleus is an internal compartment that Nucleus is an internal compartment that houses the cells DNAhouses the cells DNA
• The Eukaryotic Cell has membrane The Eukaryotic Cell has membrane bound organellesbound organelles
Eukaryotic cell DNA is organized into Eukaryotic cell DNA is organized into chromosomeschromosomes
Large RibosomesLarge Ribosomes
CytoskeletonCytoskeleton
Provides the interior framework of an Provides the interior framework of an animal cellanimal cell
3 Types of Cytoskeleton Fibers3 Types of Cytoskeleton Fibers Actin Fibers – Play a major role in Actin Fibers – Play a major role in
determining the shape of animal cells by determining the shape of animal cells by pushing and pullingpushing and pulling
Microtubules – Act as a highway system Microtubules – Act as a highway system for transportation of information from the for transportation of information from the nucleus to different parts of the cellnucleus to different parts of the cell
Intermediate Fibers – Provide a frame on Intermediate Fibers – Provide a frame on which the ribosomes and enzymes can be which the ribosomes and enzymes can be confirmed to specific regions of the cell.confirmed to specific regions of the cell.
The Cell MembraneThe Cell Membrane
Cell membranes are not rigid but Cell membranes are not rigid but fluidfluid
Fluidity is caused by lipids which Fluidity is caused by lipids which form the foundationform the foundation
Selectively PermeableSelectively Permeable
Made of PhospholipidsMade of Phospholipids
PhospholipidsPhospholipids
Lipid made of a phosphate group and Lipid made of a phosphate group and two fatty acids.two fatty acids.
Polar Head and Two Non-Polar tailsPolar Head and Two Non-Polar tails Phospholipids arranged in a bi-layerPhospholipids arranged in a bi-layer