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BULK CARRIER COURSE TRAINING6/24/20151

ObjectivesTrain to achieve MOL target - World Leader in Safe Operations.Understand risks associated with Bulk carrier operations.Develop an understanding of Bulk Carriers safe operation procedure.Study and learn from Major Bulk Carrier Accidents.Develop a Safe thinking Approach.

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ModulesCommercial Background and Operation structure.Bulk Carrier Design, structure and Inspection.Types of Bulk Cargo and Characteristics.Hatch Cover Operations.Cargo Operations and Damage Prevention.Strength, Stability and Loadicator.Ballast Handling.Mooring Operations.Right Ship Inspection.Ship Handling Concepts.Route Management.Giant Step AccidentTeam Work Concept.Important New Topics.

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Fueled by the need to move large volumes of unpacked single dry homogenous cargo.The need to feed industrial facilities across the world.The steel and electricity industries depend on Large Bulk carrier shipments eg: Japan Electric Power Industry.Vessels are capable to move large tonnage of coal, grain and ores of every kind.The new generation of bulk carrier extends to the principle of scale economics bigger ships, more cargoes.Shipment in large quantities is cost effective.

Concept of Bulk Carrier

Since the first specialized bulk carrier was built in 1852, economic forces have fueled the development of these ships, causing them to grow in size and sophistication. Today's bulkers are specially designed to maximize capacity, safety and efficiency.

Today, bulkers make up 40% of the world's merchant fleets.Bulk Carrier Sizes Range from single-hold mini-bulkers to DWT of 380,000 -400,000metric tons. Bulk Carriers include self unloaders and some even package the cargo as it is loaded.Over half of bulkers have Greek, Japanese, or Chinese ownersMore than a quarter are registered in Panama. Korea is the largest single builder of bulkers.82% of these ships were built in Asia.

INTERESTING FACTS ON BULK CARRIERS

Unlike the Freighters ofYesteryears the modernBulk carriers are designedTo carry more cargoesand can also unload Cargoes at a very short time.

FreighterVery Large Ore Carrier

Historical Perspective6/24/20158The first specialized bulk carrier the British coal carrier - SS John Bowes was built in 1852. Her special feature was a ballasting system which used seawater instead of sandbags. The first bulkers with diesel propulsion began to appear in 1911.

Before specialized bulk carriers existed, shippers had two methods to move bulk goods by ship.

longshoremen loaded the cargo into sacks, stacked the sacks onto pallets and put the pallets into the cargo hold with a crane .

2. The second method required the shipper to charter an entire ship and spend time and money to build plywood bins into the hold. Then guide the cargo through the small hatches, wooden feeders and shifting boards had to be constructed.

3. These methods were slow and labor intensive. Same as the container ship the problem of efficient loading and unloading has driven the evolution of the bulk carrier.

Before specialized bulk carriers existedloading of bulk cargoes are shown above.While the picture to the right shows the modern way of loading cargoes.Labor Intensive& time consumingShorter time to load or unloadfaster turn around.

1878 The iron-hulled steamer HIDEYOSHI MARU begins ocean transport of Miike coal from Kuchinotsu (Japan) to Shanghai.

The Beginning Size of the ships then were smaller .Historical Perspective6/24/201511

The Progress

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The Achievement6/24/201513

This is a very large 2007 build - 327180 DWT (L B-340m 60m) ship newly designed to cope with the growing ocean transport demand for iron ore. The ship is in the ore transport service in the Brazilian route, is named after the first Brasil Maru (put into service in 1939) and the second Brasil Maru (put into service in 1954) both of them were prestigious passenger-cargo carriers representing Japan. BRASIL MARU

Category of Bulk Carriers

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Category of Bulk Carriers

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Very Large Ore Carrier/ Very Large Bulk Carrier6/24/201516Bulkers are designed to be easy to build and to store cargo efficiently. To facilitate construction, bulkers are built with a single hull curvature.] Also, while a bulbous bow allows a ship to move more efficiently through the water, designers lean towards simple vertical bows on larger ships. Full hulls, with large block coefficients, are almost universal, and as a result, bulkers are inherently slow.[3] This is offset by their efficiency. Comparing a ship's carrying capacity in terms of deadweight tonnage to its weight when empty is one way to measure its efficiency. A small Handymax ship can carry five times its weight. In larger designs, this efficiency is even more pronounced: Capesize vessels can carry over eight times their weight.

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Cape size BulkerCape Size, vessels larger than Panamax and Suezmax, which must traverse the Cape of Good Hope and Cape Horn in order to travel between oceans6/24/201517

Wood Chip Carrier6/24/201518

Self Unloader6/24/201519

The ability to self load and discharge came up into the ship design.

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Gear bulked Carriers