Object-Oriented Modeling PowerDesigner...

Object-Oriented Modeling

PowerDesigner® 15.2

Windows

DOCUMENT ID: DC38086-01-1520-01LAST REVISED: February 2010Copyright © 2010 by Sybase, Inc. All rights reserved.This publication pertains to Sybase software and to any subsequent release until otherwise indicated in new editions ortechnical notes. Information in this document is subject to change without notice. The software described herein is furnishedunder a license agreement, and it may be used or copied only in accordance with the terms of that agreement.To order additional documents, U.S. and Canadian customers should call Customer Fulfillment at (800) 685-8225, fax (617)229-9845.Customers in other countries with a U.S. license agreement may contact Customer Fulfillment via the above fax number. Allother international customers should contact their Sybase subsidiary or local distributor. Upgrades are provided only atregularly scheduled software release dates. No part of this publication may be reproduced, transmitted, or translated in anyform or by any means, electronic, mechanical, manual, optical, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of Sybase,Inc.Sybase trademarks can be viewed at the Sybase trademarks page at http://www.sybase.com/detail?id=1011207. Sybase andthe marks listed are trademarks of Sybase, Inc. A ® indicates registration in the United States of America.Java and all Java-based marks are trademarks or registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the U.S. and othercountries.Unicode and the Unicode Logo are registered trademarks of Unicode, Inc.All other company and product names used herein may be trademarks or registered trademarks of the respective companieswith which they are associated.Use, duplication, or disclosure by the government is subject to the restrictions set forth in subparagraph (c)(1)(ii) of DFARS52.227-7013 for the DOD and as set forth in FAR 52.227-19(a)-(d) for civilian agencies.Sybase, Inc., One Sybase Drive, Dublin, CA 94568

http://www.sybase.com/detail?id=1011207

Contents

PART I: Building OOMs ........................................1

CHAPTER 1: Getting Started with Object-OrientedModeling ......................................................3

Creating an OOM ....................................................5OOM Properties ................................................7

CHAPTER 2: Building Use Case Diagrams ..................9Use Case Diagram Objects ........................................9Creating a Use Case Diagram ...................................10Use Cases (OOM) ..................................................10

Creating a Use Case .........................................11Use Case Properties .........................................11

Use Case Property Sheet Specification Tab .......12Use Case Property Sheet Implementation

Classes Tab .........................................12Use Case Property Sheet Related Diagrams Tab

.......................................................13Actors (OOM) .......................................................13

Creating an Actor ............................................15Actor Properties .............................................15

Actor Property Sheet Implementation ClassesTab ...................................................16

Actor Property Sheet Related Diagrams Tab ......18Reusing Actors ...............................................18

Use Case Associations (OOM) ...................................18Creating a Use Case Association ..........................19Use Case Association Properties ..........................19

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CHAPTER 3: Building Structural Diagrams ...............21Class Diagram Basics ..............................................21

Class Diagram Objects ......................................22Creating a Class Diagram ...................................23

Composite Structure Diagram Basics ..........................24Composite Structure Diagram Objects ...................24Creating a Composite Structure Diagram ................26

Object Diagram Basics ...........................................26Object Diagram Objects ....................................27Creating an Object Diagram ...............................28

Package Diagram Basics ..........................................28Package Diagram Objects ..................................28Creating a Package Diagram ...............................29

Classes (OOM) ......................................................29Creating a Class ..............................................30Class Properties ..............................................30

Class Property Sheet Detail Tab ....................33Class Property Sheet Generic Tab ..................33Class Property Sheet Script Tab ....................34Class Property Sheet Preview Tab ..................35

Creating Java BeanInfo Classes ...........................37Creating a Java BeanInfo Class from the

Language Menu ....................................39Creating a Java BeanInfo Class from the Class

Contextual Menu ..................................39Generic Types and Methods ................................40

Creating Generic Types ..............................40Creating Generic Methods ...........................40Creating a Specialized Classifier ...................41Creating a Bound Classifier .........................42Generic Type Example ...............................42

Composite and Inner Classifiers ...........................43Creating Inner Classifiers ............................44

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Creating a Composite Classifier Diagram .........44Attaching a Classifier to a Data Type or a Return Type

..............................................................45Attaching a Classifier ................................46

Viewing the Migrated Attributes of a Class ..............46Packages (OOM) ................................................... 48

OOM Package Properties ...................................50Previewing the Code of a Package in an OOM ...........51Defining the Diagram Type of a New Package ...........51

Interfaces (OOM) ..................................................52Creating an Interface .......................................52Interface Properties .........................................53

Interface Property Sheet Generic Tab .............54Objects (OOM) .....................................................55

Creating an Object ..........................................56Object Properties ...........................................57

Object Property Sheet Attribute Values Tab .....57Linking a Classifier to an Object ..........................59

Parts (OOM) ........................................................ 60Creating a Part ...............................................61Part Properties ...............................................61

Ports (OOM) ........................................................62Creating a Port ...............................................63Port Properties ...............................................63Redefining Parent Ports ....................................65

Attributes (OOM) ..................................................65Creating an Attribute .......................................66Attribute Properties .........................................66

Attribute Property Sheet Detail Tab ...............68Adding Getter and Setter Operations to a Classifier ...69Copying an Attribute to a Class, Interface, or

Identifier ..................................................70Overriding an Attribute in PowerBuilder .................72

Adding an Inherited Attribute to a Class ..........72Identifiers (OOM) ..................................................73

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Creating an Identifier .......................................73Creating a primary identifier when you create

the class attributes ...............................74Defining the Primary Identifier from the List of

Identifiers ..........................................74Identifier Properties ........................................75Adding Attributes to an Identifier ........................75

Operations (OOM) .................................................76Creating an Operation ......................................76

Creating a User-Defined Operation ................77Creating a Standard Operation .....................77Inheriting and Overriding Operations from

Parent Classifiers ..................................79Creating an Implementation Operation ...........79Copying an Operation to Another Class ...........80

Operation Properties ........................................81Operation Property Sheet Implementation Tab

.......................................................83Operation Property Sheet Parameters Tab ........84Operation Property Sheet Generic Tab ............86

Associations (OOM) ...............................................86Creating an Association ....................................88Associations Properties .....................................88

Associations Property Sheet Detail Tab ...........89Association Implementation ...............................91

Understanding the Generated Code ...............93Creating an Association Class ..............................94Migrating Association Roles in a Class Diagram .........95

Migrating Navigable Roles ...........................95Rebuilding Data Type Links ................................96Linking an Association to an Instance Link ..............96

Generalizations (OOM) ...........................................97Creating a Generalization ..................................98Generalization Properties ..................................99

Dependencies (OOM) ...........................................100

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Creating a Dependency ...................................102Dependency Properties ...................................102

Realizations (OOM) ..............................................103Creating a Realization .....................................104Realization Properties .....................................104

Require Links (OOM) ............................................105Creating a Require Link ...................................105Require Link Properties ...................................105

Assembly Connectors (OOM) ..................................106Creating an Assembly Connector ........................107Assembly Connector Properties ..........................107

Delegation Connectors (OOM) ................................ 108Creating a Delegation Connector ........................109Delegation Connector Properties ........................109

Annotations (OOM) ..............................................109Attaching an Annotation to a Model Object ...........110Creating a New Annotation Type ........................111Using the Annotation Editor ..............................114

Instance Links (OOM) ...........................................114Creating an Instance Link .................................117Instance Link Properties ..................................117

Domains (OOM) .................................................. 118Creating a Domain .........................................119Domain Properties .........................................119

Domain Property Sheet Detail Tab ................121Domain Property Sheet Other Tabs ...............122

Updating Attributes Using a Domain in an OOM .......122Check Parameters (OOM) ......................................122

Setting Standard Check Parameters for Objects in anOOM .......................................................123

Defining Additional Check Parameters for Objects inan OOM ...................................................123

CHAPTER 4: Building Dynamic Diagrams ...............125

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Communication Diagram Basics ...............................125Communication Diagram Objects ........................127Creating a Communication Diagram ....................127Creating a Communication Diagram from a Sequence

Diagram ..................................................127Sequence Diagram Basics ......................................128

Creating a Sequence Diagram ............................130Creating a Sequence Diagram from a Communication

Diagram ..................................................130Sequence Diagram Objects ...............................130

Activity Diagram Basics ........................................131Activity Diagram Objects .................................133Creating an Activity Diagram ............................133

Statechart Diagram Basics .....................................134Defining a Default Classifier in the Statechart

Diagram ..................................................135Statechart Diagram Objects ..............................136Creating a Statechart Diagram ...........................136

Interaction Overview Diagram Basics .......................137Interaction Overview Diagram Objects .................137Creating an Interaction Overview Diagram ............138

Messages (OOM) ..................................................138Creating a Message ........................................140Message Properties ........................................140

Message Property Sheet Detail Tab ...............141Creating Create and Destroy Messages in a Sequence

Diagram ..................................................143Creating Create Messages ..........................144Creating Destroy Messages .........................144

Creating a Recursive Message in a Sequence Diagram.............................................................146

Creating a Recursive Message WithoutActivation .........................................147

Creating a Recursive Message with Activation......................................................147

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Messages and Gates ........................................147Sequence Numbers ........................................ 149

Moving Sequence Numbers ........................ 150Inserting Sequence Numbers ...................... 151Increasing Sequence Numbers in a

Communication Diagram ........................151Decreasing Sequence Numbers in a

Communication Diagram ........................152Activations (OOM) ...............................................152

Creating an Activation .................................... 152Creating an Activation at Creation of the

Message ............................................152Creating an Activation from a Diagram: .........153

Attaching a Message to an Activation ...................153Detaching a Message from an Activation ...............154Overlapping Activations ...................................154Moving an Activation ...................................... 154Resizing an Activation .....................................155

Interaction References and Interaction Activities (OOM)...................................................................155

Creating an Interaction Reference ...................... 156Creating an Interaction Activity ......................... 156Interaction Reference and Interaction Activity

Properties ................................................157Manipulating Interaction References ................... 157

Interaction Fragments (OOM) .................................158Creating an Interaction Fragment .......................158Interaction Fragment Properties ........................ 158

Interaction Fragment Property Sheet Sub-Regions Tab ....................................... 159

Manipulating Interaction Fragments .................... 160Activities (OOM) .................................................161

Creating an Activity ....................................... 162Activity Properties ......................................... 162

Activity Property Sheet Action Tab ............... 163

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Activity Property Sheet Input Parameters andOutput Parameters Tabs ........................ 164

Activity Property Sheet Sub-Activities Tab ......164Specifying Activity Parameters ..........................164Specifying Action Types ...................................165

Example: Using the Call Action Type .............166Example: Reading and Writing Variables ........169

Decomposed Activities and Sub-Activities .............171Converting an Activity Diagram to a

Decomposed Activity ............................173Organization Units (OOM ) .....................................174

Creating an Organization Unit ...........................174Creating Organization Units with the Swimlane

Tool ................................................174Organization Unit Properties .............................175Attaching Activities to Organization Units .............176Displaying a Committee Activity ........................176Managing Swimlanes and Pools ..........................177

Moving, Copying and Pasting Swimlanes .........177Grouping and Ungrouping Swimlanes ............178Creating Links Between Pools of Swimlanes ....180Changing the Orientation of Swimlanes .........181Resizing Swimlanes .................................182Changing the Format of a Swimlane .............182

Starts ( OOM) .....................................................182Creating a Start ............................................183Start Properties ............................................183

Ends ( OOM) ......................................................183Creating an End ............................................184End Properties ..............................................184

Decisions ( OOM) .................................................185Creating a Decision ........................................186Decision Properties ........................................186

Synchronizations ( OOM) .......................................187Creating a Synchronization ...............................188

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Synchronization Properties ...............................189Flows ( OOM) .....................................................189

Creating a Flow ............................................ 190Flow Properties .............................................190

Object Nodes (OOM) ............................................192Creating an Object Node ................................. 193Object Node Properties ................................... 193

States (OOM) .....................................................194Creating a State ............................................195State Properties ............................................ 195

State Property Sheet Actions Tab .................195State Property Sheet Deferred Events Tab ...... 196State Property Sheet Sub-States Tab .............196

Decomposed States and Sub-states ..................... 196Converting a Statechart Diagram to a

Decomposed State ............................... 198Transitions (OOM) ...............................................199

Creating a Transition ...................................... 199Transition Properties ...................................... 200

Transition Property Sheet Condition Tab ........ 200Transition Property Sheet Trigger Tab ............201

Events (OOM) .....................................................201Creating an Event ..........................................202Event Properties ........................................... 202

Event Property Sheet Dependencies Tab ........ 203Event Property Sheet Parameters Tab ........... 203

Defining Event Arguments ................................ 204Actions (OOM) ....................................................204

Creating an Action ......................................... 205Action Properties ...........................................205

Action Property Sheet Condition Tab .............206Junction Points (OOM) ..........................................207

Creating a Junction Point .................................207Junction Point Properties .................................207

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CHAPTER 5: Building Implementation Diagrams ......209Component Diagram Basics ....................................209

Component Diagram Objects .............................210Creating a Component Diagram .........................211

Deployment Diagram Basics ...................................211Deployment Diagram Objects ............................212Creating a Deployment Diagram .........................212

Components (OOM) ............................................. 212Creating a Component ....................................213

Using the Standard Component Wizard ..........214Component Properties ....................................214

Component Property Sheet Interfaces Tab ......216Component Property Sheet Classes Tab .........218Component Property Sheet Files Tab .............219Component Property Sheet Operations Tab .....220

Creating a Class Diagram for a Component ............221Deploying a Component to a Node ......................221

Nodes (OOM) ..................................................... 222Creating a Node ............................................223Node Properties ............................................223

Node Property Sheet Component Instances Tab......................................................224

Node Diagrams .............................................224Creating a Node Diagram ..........................224Opening a Node Diagram ...........................225Closing a Node Diagram ............................225

Component Instances (OOM) ..................................225Creating a Component Instance .........................226Component Instance Properties .........................226

Files (OOM) .......................................................227Creating a File Object .....................................228File Object Properties .....................................228

Node Associations (OOM) ......................................229

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Creating a Node Association .............................229Node Association Properties ..............................230

CHAPTER 6: Working with Web Services ..............233Defining Web Services Tools ..................................234Defining Web Services Targets ................................236Defining Web Service Components ..........................236

Web Service Component Properties .....................237Web Service Tab of the Component ..............237WSDL Tab of the Component ......................238WSDL Schema Tab of the Component ............238Preview Tab of the Component ...................238Extended Attributes Tab of the Component ....239

Creating a Web Service with the Wizard ...............240Creating a Web Service from the Component Diagram

.............................................................242Defining Data Types for WSDL ............................242

WSDL Data Type Mappings .........................242Selecting WSDL Data Types ........................243Declaring Data Types in the WSDL ................243

Web Service Implementation Class ......................243Detail Tab of the Class .............................243Preview Tab of the Class ...........................244

Managing Web Service Methods ..............................244Creating a Web Service Method ..........................244Web Service Method Properties ..........................245Implementing a Web Service Method in Java ..........246

Defining the Return Type of an Operation ......246Defining the Parameters of an Operation .......247Implementing the Operation ......................249

Implementing a Web Service Method in .NET .........251Defining Web Service Method Extended Attributes ...251Defining SOAP Data Types of the WSDL Schema .......252

Defining Web Service Component Instances ...............253

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Web Service Tab of the Component Instance ..........254WSDL Tab of the Component Instance ..................255Using Node Properties .....................................255

Generating Web Services for Java ...........................255Generating JAXM Web Services ..........................256Generating JAX-RPC Web Services ......................257Generating Stateless Session Bean Web Services .....258Generating AXIS RPC Web Services ......................259Generating AXIS EJB Web Services ......................260Generating Java Web Services (JWS) ...................261Testing Web Services for Java ............................261

Generating Web Services for .NET ...........................261Defining Web Services Generation Options in .NET ...262Defining Web Service Generation Tasks in .NET .......262Generating Web Services in .NET ........................263Generating a .NET Proxy Class for a Web Service .....263

Define the WSDL Variable ..........................263Generate the Client Proxy Classes ...............263

Deploying Web Services in .NET .........................264Testing Web Services for .NET ...........................264

Generating Web Services for Sybase WorkSpace .........265Creating a Java or EJB Web Service for Sybase

WorkSpace ...............................................265Defining the Java Class Package .........................266Generating the Java or EJB Web Service for Sybase

WorkSpace ...............................................267Understanding the .svc_java or .svc_ejb File .........267

Importing WSDL Files ...........................................268Browsing WSDL Files from UDDI .........................270

PART II: Working with OOMs .............................273

CHAPTER 7: Generating and Reverse Engineering OOSource Files ...............................................275

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Generating OO Source Files from an OOM ..................275Generating Source Files ...................................275Working with Generation Targets ........................278Defining the Source Code Package ......................278Enabling Trace Mode in Preview Tabs ...................279

Reverse Engineering OO Source Files into an OOM .......279Reverse Engineering OO Files into a New OOM ........280

Reverse Engineering Encoding Format ...........281Reverse Engineering into an Existing OOM .............282

Synchronizing a Model with Generated Files ..............282

CHAPTER 8: Generating Other Models from an OOM...............................................................285

Mapping OOM Objects to other Model Objects ............286Managing Object Persistence During OOM to CDM

Generation .................................................... 287Defining Object Persistence in the OOM ...............287Managing Complex Data Type Persistence .............288Managing Multiplicity for Complex Persistent Data

Types ......................................................289Managing Object Persistence During OOM to PDM

Generation .................................................... 292Defining Object Persistence in the OOM ...............292Managing Complex Data Type Persistence .............294Managing Multiplicity for Complex Persistent Data

Types ......................................................297

CHAPTER 9: Customizing the OOM Environment .....301Working with Object Language ...............................301

Previewing the Code of an OOM .........................302Modifying the Code Using Preview ......................303Changing the Object Language of an OOM .............303

Setting OOM Model Options ................................... 305Setting OOM Display Preferences ............................307

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Extending Your Modeling Environment with ExtendedModel Definitions ............................................ 310

Creating Links with Extended Dependencies ..............311

CHAPTER 10: Checking an OOM.........................313Domain Checks ...................................................313Data Source Checks .............................................314Package Checks ..................................................314Actor/Use Case Checks .........................................315Class Checks ......................................................315Identifier Checks ................................................322Interface Checks .................................................322Class/Interface Attribute Checks .............................324Class/Interface Operation Checks ............................325Realization Checks ..............................................327Generalization Checks .........................................327Object Checks ....................................................328Instance Link Checks ...........................................329Message Checks ..................................................329State Checks ......................................................329State Action Checks .............................................330Event Checks .....................................................331Junction Point Checks ..........................................331Activity Checks ..................................................332Decision Checks .................................................332Object Node Checks ............................................333Organization Unit Checks ......................................333Start/End Checks ................................................334Synchronization Checks ........................................334Transition and Flow Checks ...................................335Component Checks ..............................................335Node Checks ......................................................336Component Instance Checks ..................................337Interaction Reference Checks ................................337

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Class Part Checks ................................................338Class/Component Port Checks ................................339Class/component Assembly Connector Checks ............339Association Checks ..............................................340Activity Input and Output Parameter Checks ..............340

CHAPTER 11: Importing a Rational Rose Model into anOOM........................................................341

Importing Rational Rose General Objects ..................341Importing Rational Rose Use Case Diagrams ...............342Importing Rational Rose Class Diagrams ....................343Importing Rational Rose Collaboration Diagrams ..........344Importing Rational Rose Sequence Diagrams ..............345Importing Rational Rose Statechart Diagrams .............345Importing Rational Rose Activity Diagrams .................346Importing Rational Rose Component Diagrams ............347Importing Rational Rose Deployment Diagrams ...........348

CHAPTER 12: Importing and Exporting an OOM in XMIFormat .....................................................349

Importing XMI Files ..............................................349Exporting XMI Files ..............................................349

PART III: OOM Target Reference .......................351

CHAPTER 13: Working with Java ........................353Java Public Classes ..............................................353Java Enumerated Types (Enums) .............................353JavaDoc Comments .............................................358

Defining Values for Javadoc Tags ........................361Javadoc Comments Generation and Reverse

Engineering ..............................................364Java 5.0 Annotations ...........................................364

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Java Strictfp Keyword ..........................................365Enterprise Java Beans (EJBs) V2 .............................365

Using EJB Types ............................................367EJB Properties ..............................................368Creating an EJB with the Wizard ........................370Defining Interfaces and Classes for EJBs ...............373

Defining an Interface or a Class for an EJB .....375Defining Operations for EJBs .............................375

Adding an Operation to the Bean Class ..........376Adding an Operation to an EJB Interface ........377Understanding Operation Synchronization ......378

Understanding EJB Support in an OOM .................379Understanding EJB Initialization ..................380Understanding EJB Synchronization ..............380Understanding EJB Code Generation .............380

Previewing the EJB Deployment Descriptor ............383Generating EJBs ............................................385

What Kind of Generation to Use? .................386Understanding EJB Source and Persistence .....388Generating EJB Source Code and the

Deployment Descriptor .........................389Generating JARs ............................................390Reverse Engineering EJB Components ..................391

Enterprise Java Beans (EJBs) V3 .............................392Creating an EJB 3.0 with the Enterprise JavaBean

Wizard ....................................................392EJB 3.0 BeanClass Properties ............................396EJB 3.0 Component Properties ...........................397

Adding Further Interfaces and Classes to theEJB .................................................397

EJB 3.0 Operation Properties ............................398Java Servlets .....................................................399

Servlet Page of the Component ..........................399Defining Servlet Classes ...................................399Creating a Servlet with the Wizard .....................400

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Understanding Servlet Initialization andSynchronization .........................................401

Generating Servlets ........................................402Generating Servlet Web Deployment Descriptor

......................................................405Generating WARs ...........................................405Reverse Engineering Servlets .............................406

Java Server Pages (JSPs) .......................................408JSP Page of the Component ..............................408Defining File Objects for JSPs ............................408Creating a JSP with the Wizard ..........................409

Creating a JSP with the Wizard ...................409Generating JSPs ............................................410

Generating JSP Web Deployment Descriptor . . .410Reverse Engineering JSPs .................................414

Generating Java Code ..........................................415Defining Java Environment Variables ...................416Selecting Java Generation Options ......................416Selecting Java Generation Tasks .........................418Generating Java Files .....................................420

Reverse Engineering Java Code ..............................421Reverse Engineer Java Options Tab .....................423

Reverse Engineering Java Code Comments .....425

CHAPTER 14: Working with the Eclipse ModelingFramework (EMF) ........................................427

EMF Objects ......................................................427EPackages ..................................................427Eclasses, EEnums, and EDataTypes ......................427EAnnotations ...............................................428Eattributes and EEnumLiterals ...........................428EReferences ................................................428EOperations and EParameters ............................429

Generating EMF Files ...........................................429

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Reverse Engineering EMF Files ...............................430

CHAPTER 15: Working with IDL ..........................431IDL Objects .......................................................431Generating for IDL ...............................................440Reverse Engineering IDL Files ................................441

CHAPTER 16: Working with PowerBuilder .............443Full-featured Mapping ..........................................443

Application .................................................443Structure ...................................................444Function ....................................................444User Object .................................................444Proxy ........................................................444Window .....................................................444

Minimal Mapping .................................................445Selecting a PowerBuilder Version ............................445

Selecting a PowerBuilder Version During Generation.............................................................446

Selecting a PowerBuilder Version During ReverseEngineering ..............................................447

Generating for PowerBuilder ................................. 448Generated Objects ........................................ 448

Operation Generated Header .....................448Generating Events ..................................449

Selecting PowerBuilder Generation Options ...........449Generating Objects for PowerBuilder ............450

Reverse Engineering PowerBuilder ..........................451Reverse Engineered Objects ............................. 451

Operation Reversed Header .......................452Overriding Attributes ...............................452

Selecting PowerBuilder Reverse Engineering Options.............................................................453

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Defining PowerBuilder reverse engineeringoptions .............................................454

PowerBuilder Reverse Engineering Process ............455Reverse Engineering PowerBuilder Objects .....456

Loading a PowerBuilder Library Model in theWorkspace ...............................................457

CHAPTER 17: Working with VB .NET ....................459What Is Automatically Generated ............................459Supported VB .NET Objects ...................................460

Inheritance & Implementation ...........................460Namespace ..................................................460Project .......................................................460Accessibility ................................................461Class .........................................................462Structure ...................................................462Interface ....................................................463Nested Types ................................................463Module ......................................................463Enumeration ...............................................463Custom Attributes .........................................464Shadows ....................................................465Variables ....................................................465Property ....................................................466Method ......................................................467Constructor & Destructor .................................469Delegate ....................................................469Event ........................................................470Event Handler ..............................................471External Method ............................................471

Generating for VB.NET .........................................471Defining VB .NET Environment Variables ...............471Selecting VB .NET Generation Options .................472Selecting VB .NET Generation Tasks ....................472

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Generating VB.NET Files ..................................473Reverse Engineering VB .NET .................................473

Selecting VB .NET Reverse Engineering Options ......474Defining VB .NET Reverse Engineering Options

......................................................475VB .NET Reverse Engineering Preprocessing ...........475

VB .NET Supported Preprocessing Directives . . .476Defining a VB .NET Preprocessing Symbol .......476VB .NET Reverse Engineering with

Preprocessing .....................................477Reverse Engineering VB .NET Files ......................478

Working with ASP.NET ..........................................479ASP Tab of the Component ...............................479Defining File Objects for ASP.NET .......................480Creating an ASP.NET with the Wizard ...................480Generating ASP.NET ........................................482

CHAPTER 18: Working with Visual Basic 2005 ........485Custom Visual Basic 2005 Tools ..............................485Visual Basic 2005 Assemblies .................................485

Creating an Assembly .....................................486Converting a Single-assembly Model to a Multi-

assembly Model ..................................486Assembly Properties .......................................487

Assembly Property Sheet Application Tab .......487Assembly Property Sheet Assembly Tab ..........487

Visual Basic 2005 Compilation Units ........................488Creating a Compilation Unit ..............................488

Creating an Empty Compilation Unit from theBrowser ............................................488

Creating and Populating a Compilation Unitfrom the Property Sheet of a Type ............488

Adding Types to Compilation Units ......................489

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Adding a Type to a Compilation Unit from theCompilation Unit Property Sheet ..............489

Adding a Type to a Compilation Unit from theType Property Sheet .............................490

Creating a Generation Folder Structure ................490Adding Compilation Units to Folders .............490

Previewing the Code to Be Generated for aCompilation Unit ........................................491

Visual Basic 2005 Namespaces ................................491Visual Basic 2005 Classes ......................................491

Visual Basic 2005 Class Properties .......................492Partial Types ................................................492

Specifying the Compilation Unit to Which anInner Type Belongs: ..............................493

Visual Basic 2005 Interfaces ..................................493Visual Basic 2005 Interface Properties ..................493

Visual Basic 2005 Structs ......................................493Creating a Struct ...........................................494Struct Properties ...........................................494

Visual Basic 2005 Delegates ...................................494Creating a Delegate .......................................495Delegate Properties .......................................496

Visual Basic 2005 Enums .......................................496Creating an Enum ..........................................497Enum Properties ............................................497

Visual Basic 2005 Fields, Events, and Properties .........497To Create a Field, Event, or Property: ..................497Field, Event, and Property Properties ..................498Working with Properties ..................................498Working with Events .......................................499

Visual Basic 2005 Methods ....................................500Method Properties .........................................500

Constructor & Destructor ..........................502Visual Basic 2005 Inheritance and Implementation ......502Visual Basic 2005 Custom Attributes ........................502

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Generating Visual Basic 2005 Code ..........................502Visual Basic 2005 Generation Dialog Options Tab .....504Visual Basic 2005 Generation Dialog Tasks Tab ........505Defining Visual Basic 2005 Environment Variables ....505

Reverse Engineering Visual Basic 2005 Code ..............505Visual Basic Reverse Engineer Dialog Options Tab ....506Visual Basic Reverse Engineering Preprocessing

Directives ................................................507Visual Basic Supported Preprocessing Directives

......................................................508Defining a Visual Basic Preprocessing Symbol

......................................................508

CHAPTER 19: Working with C# ..........................511What Is Automatically Generated ............................511Supported C# Objects ..........................................512

Inheritance & Implementation ...........................512Namespace ..................................................512Project .......................................................512Accessibility ................................................513Class .........................................................513Struct ........................................................515Enumeration ...............................................515Interface ....................................................516Nested Types ................................................516Custom Attributes .........................................516Fields ........................................................516Property ....................................................517Indexer ......................................................519Method ......................................................520Constructor & Destructor .................................522Delegate ....................................................522Event ........................................................523Operator Method ...........................................523

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Conversion Operator Method .............................523Documentation Tags .......................................524

Generating for C# ...............................................525Defining C# Environment Variables ......................525Selecting C# Generation Options ........................526Selecting C# Generation Tasks ...........................526Generating C# Files ........................................526

Reverse Engineering C# ........................................527Selecting C# Reverse Engineering Options .............528

Defining C# Reverse Engineering Options .......529C# Reverse Engineering Preprocessing ..................529

C# Supported Preprocessing Directives ..........530Defining a C# Preprocessing Symbol ..............530C# Reverse Engineering with Preprocessing .....531

Reverse Engineering C# Files .............................532

CHAPTER 20: Working with C# 2.0 .....................535Custom C# 2.0 Tools ............................................535C# 2.0 Assemblies ...............................................535

Creating an Assembly .....................................536Converting a Single-assembly Model to a Multi-

assembly Model ..................................536Assembly Properties .......................................536

Assembly Property Sheet Application Tab .......537Assembly Property Sheet Assembly Information

Tab .................................................537C# 2.0 Compilation Units ......................................538

Creating a Compilation Unit ..............................538Creating an Empty Compilation Unit from the

Browser ............................................538Creating and Populating a Compilation Unit

from the Property Sheet of a Type: ...........538Adding Types to Compilation Units ......................539

Contents

Object-Oriented Modeling xxv

Adding a Type to a Compilation Unit from theCompilation Unit Property Sheet ..............539

Adding a Type to a Compilation Unit from theType Property Sheet .............................540

Creating a Generation Folder Structure ................540Adding Compilation Units to Folders .............540

Previewing the Code to Be Generated for aCompilation Unit ........................................541

C# 2.0 Namespaces .............................................541C# 2.0 Classes ....................................................541

C# Class Properties ........................................543Partial Types ................................................543

Specifying the Compilation Unit to Which anInner Type Belongs ...............................543

C# 2.0 Interfaces ................................................543C# Interface Properties ...................................544

C# 2.0 Structs ....................................................544Creating a Struct ...........................................544Struct Properties ...........................................545

C# 2.0 Delegates ................................................545Creating a Delegate .......................................545Delegate Properties .......................................546

C# 2.0 Enums ....................................................546Creating an Enum ..........................................546Enum Properties ............................................547

C# 2.0 Fields .....................................................547Field Properties ............................................547

C# 2.0 Methods ..................................................547Method Properties .........................................548Overriding Methods Using New ...........................549Constructors and Destructors ............................549Method Implementation ..................................549Operator Method ...........................................549Conversion Operator Method .............................550

C# 2.0 Events, Indexers, and Properties ...................550

Contents

xxvi PowerDesigner

Creating an Event, Indexer, or Property ................552Event, Indexer, and Property Properties ...............553

C# 2.0 Inheritance and Implementation ....................553C# 2.0 Custom Attributes ......................................553Generating C# 2.0 Code ........................................554

C# Generation Dialog Options Tab .......................555C# Generation Dialog Tasks Tab ..........................556Defining C# Environment Variables ......................556

Reverse Engineering C# 2.0 Code ............................556C# Reverse Engineer Dialog Options Tab ...............557C# Reverse Engineering Preprocessing Directives .....558

C# Supported Preprocessing Directives ..........559Defining a C# Preprocessing Symbol ..............559

CHAPTER 21: Working with XML.........................561Designing for XML ...............................................561Generating for XML .............................................565Reverse-Engineering XML ......................................566

CHAPTER 22: Working with C++ .........................569Designing for C++ ................................................569Generating for C++ ..............................................570

CHAPTER 23: Object/Relational (O/R) Mapping ......573Top-Down: Mapping Classes to Tables .......................573

Entity Class Transformation ..............................575Attribute Transformation .................................576Value Type Transformation ...............................577Association Transformation ...............................578

Association Class Transformation .................580Inheritance Transformation ..............................581

Bottom-Up: Mapping Tables to Classes ......................584

Contents

Object-Oriented Modeling xxvii

Meet in the Middle: Manually Mapping Classes to Tables...................................................................585

Entity Class Mapping .......................................586Attribute Mapping ..........................................589Primary Identifier Mapping ...............................590Association Mapping .......................................593

One-to-One Association Mapping Strategy ......594One-to-Many Association Mapping Strategy

......................................................595Many-to-Many Association Mapping Strategy

......................................................597Defining Inheritance Mapping ............................598

Table Per Class Hierarchy Inheritance MappingStrategy ...........................................598

Joined Subclass Inheritance Mapping Strategy......................................................601

Table Per Class Inheritance Mapping Strategy......................................................602

CHAPTER 24: Generating Persistent Objects for Javaand JSF Pages ............................................605

Generating Hibernate Persistent Objects ..................605Adding Hibernate Support ................................605

Defining the Hibernate Default Options .........606Defining the Hibernate Database Configuration

Parameters ........................................606Defining Hibernate Basic O/R Mappings ................608

Defining Hibernate Class Mapping Options ......608Defining Primary Identifier Mappings ............611Defining Attribute Mappings .......................615

Hibernate Association Mappings .........................616Defining Hibernate Association Mapping

Options ............................................616Collection Management Options ..................618

Contents

xxviii PowerDesigner

Persistence Options .................................619Mapping Collections of Value Types ..............620

Defining Hibernate Inheritance Mappings ..............621Generating Code for Hibernate ..........................621

Checking the Model .................................622Defining Generation Options ......................622Generating Code for Hibernate ...................623

Using the Generated Hibernate Code ...................624Importing the Generated Project into Eclipse

......................................................624Performing the Unit Tests ..........................624Running Unit Tests in Eclipse ......................625Running Unit Tests with Ant .......................627

Generating EJB 3 Persistent Objects ........................628Generating Entities for EJB 3.0 ..........................629Adding EJB 3 Persistence Support .......................629Defining EJB 3 Basic O/R Mapping .......................629

Defining Entity Mappings ...........................630Defining Embeddable Class Mapping .............633

Defining EJB 3 Association Mappings ....................633Mapping One-to-one Associations .................633Mapping One-to-many Associations ..............634Mapping Many-to-many Associations .............635Defining EJB 3 Association Mapping Options ....635

Defining EJB 3 Inheritance Mappings ...................636Mapped Superclasses ...............................636Table Per Class Hierarchy Strategy ...............636Joined Subclass Strategy ...........................637Applying Table Per Class Strategy ................637

Defining EJB 3 Persistence Default Options ............638Defining EJB 3 Persistence Configuration ..............638Checking the Model ........................................640Generating Code for EJB 3 Persistence .................640

Defining the Environment Variable ...............640Generate Code ......................................641

Contents

Object-Oriented Modeling xxix

Authoring in Dali Tools .............................644Run Unit Tests .......................................644Generated File List .................................647

Generating JavaServer Faces (JSF) for Hibernate ........648Adding JSF Support ........................................648Defining Global Options ...................................649Defining Attribute Options ...............................651

Derived Attributes ..................................653Attribute Validation Rules and Default Values

......................................................653Defining Master-Detail Pages .............................654Generating PageFlow Diagrams ..........................656

Generating a class level PageFlow diagram .....656Generating a Package Level PageFlow Diagram:

......................................................657Generating a Model Level PageFlow Diagram

......................................................657Modifing Default High Level PageFlow Diagram

......................................................658Installing JSF Runtime Jar Files ..........................662

Installing the JSF Reference Implementation......................................................662

Installing Apache My Faces ........................662Configuring for JSF Generation ..........................663Generating JSF Pages ......................................663Testing JSF Pages ...........................................664

Testing JSF Pages with Eclipse WTP ..............664Testing JSF Pages with Apache Tomcat ..........664

CHAPTER 25: Generating .NET 2.0 Persistent Objectsand Windows Applications .............................667

Generating ADO.NET and ADO.NET CF Persistent Objects...................................................................669

Adding ADO.NET or ADO.NET CF Support ..............669

Contents

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ADO.NET and ADO.NET CF Options ...............669Class Mappings ..............................................670

Primary Identifier Mappings .......................672Attribute Mappings ..................................673

Defining Association Mappings ...........................674Defining Inheritance Mappings ...........................676Generating Code for ADO.NET or ADO.NET CF ........676

Generating NHibernate Persistent Objects .................677Adding NHibernate Support ..............................678

NHibernate Options .................................678Defining Class Mappings ...................................679

Primary Identifier Mappings .......................682Attribute Mappings ..................................685

Defining Association Mappings ...........................687Defining NHibernate Collection Options .........689Defining NHibernate Persistence Options .......690Defining NHibernate Collection Container Type

......................................................691Defining Inheritance Mappings ...........................691Generating Code for NHibernate ........................692

Configuring Connection Strings ...............................693Configuring a Connection String from the ADO.NET or

ADO.NET CF Tab ........................................694Configuring a Connection String from the NHibernate

Tab ........................................................694OLEDB Connection String Parameters ...................694ODBC Connection String Parameters ....................695Microsoft SQL Server and Microsoft SQL Server Mobile

Edition Connection String Parameters ...............695Oracle Connection String Parameters ...................695

Generating Unit Tests ...........................................696Add Unit Test Support .....................................696Generating Code for Unit Testing .......................696Differences Between NUnit and Visual Studio Team

Test (VSTS) ...............................................698

Contents

Object-Oriented Modeling xxxi

Running NUnit Unit Tests .................................699Running Visual Studio Test System Unit Tests ..........700

Running Tests in Visual Studio.NET 2005 IDE......................................................700

Running Tests from the Command Line ..........701Generating Windows or Smart Device Applications ......701

Adding Windows or Smart Device Application Support.............................................................701

Adding Windows Application Support ............701Adding Smart Device Application Support .......702

Specifying an Image Library ..............................702Controlling the Data Grid View ..........................702Defining Attributes Display Options .....................702Defining Attribute Validation Rules and Default

Values .....................................................703Generating Code for a Windows Application ..........703Generating Code for a Smart Device Application .....704

Generating Code ....................................704Deploying Code to a Smart Device ...............705Testing the Application on the Device ...........705

Index ....................................................................707

Contents

xxxii PowerDesigner

PART I

Building OOMs

The chapters in this part explain how to model your information systems in PowerDesigner.

Object-Oriented Modeling 1

2 PowerDesigner

CHAPTER 1 Getting Started with Object-Oriented Modeling

An object-oriented model (OOM) helps you analyze an information system through use cases,structural and behavioral analyses, and in terms of deployment, using the Unified ModelingLanguage (UML). You can model, reverse-engineer, and generate for Java, .NET and otherlanguages.

The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is the standard language for object-orientedmodeling. It was originally devised by Grady Booch, James Rumbaugh, and Ivar Jacobson,and is now controlled by the OMG (Object Management Group).

PowerDesigner® supports the following UML diagrams:

• Use case diagram ( )

• Structural Diagrams:• Class diagram ( )• Composite structure diagram ( )• Object diagram ( )• Package diagram ( )

• Dynamic Diagrams:• Communication diagram ( )• Sequence diagram ( )• Statechart diagram ( )• Activity diagram ( )• Interaction overview diagram ( )

• Implementation Diagrams:• Component diagram ( )• Deployment diagram ( )

For detailed information on these diagrams, see:

• Chapter 3, Building Structural Diagrams on page 21• Chapter 2, Building Use Case Diagrams on page 9• Chapter 4, Building Dynamic Diagrams on page 125• Chapter 5, Building Implementation Diagrams on page 209

In the picture below, you can see how the various UML diagrams can interact within yourmodel:


PowerDesigner

The PowerDesigner Object-Oriented Model is a powerful design tool for graphical object-oriented design implementation.

With this product, you can:

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• Build an Object-Oriented Model (OOM) using the standard UML diagrams• Generate and reverse engineer Java, C#, VB.NET, and PowerBuilder files• Generate code for C++, Visual Basic, IDL-CORBA, etc.• Generate EJB, servlets, and JSP components• Generate Conceptual Data Models (CDMs), Physical Data Models (PDMs), XML Models

(XSMs), and other Object-Oriented Models (OOMs) from your OOM• Generate an OOM from a CDM, PDM, XML, or other OOM• Import a Rose model• Import/export XMI• Customize the OOM to suit physical and performance considerations• Customize and print model reports

Suggested Bibliography

• James Rumbaugh, Ivar Jacobson, Grady Booch – The Unified Modeling LanguageReference Manual – Addison Wesley, 1999

• Grady Booch, James Rumbaugh, Ivar Jacobson – The Unified Modeling Language UserGuide – Addison Wesley, 1999

• Ivar Jacobson, Grady Booch, James Rumbaugh – The Unified Software DevelopmentProcess – Addison Wesley, 1999

• Doug Rosenberg, Kendall Scott – Use Case Driven Object Modeling With UML APractical Approach – Addison Wesley, 1999

• Michael Blaha, William Premerlani – Object-Oriented Modeling and Design for DatabaseApplications – Prentice Hall, 1998

• Geri Schneider, Jason P. Winters, Ivar Jacobson – Applying Use Cases: A Practical Guide– Addison Wesley, 1998

• Pierre-Alain Muller – Instant UML – Wrox Press Inc, 1997• Bertrand Meyer – Object-Oriented Software Construction – Prentice Hall, 2nd Edition,

1997• Martin Fowler, Kendall Scott – UML Distilled Applying The Standard Object Modeling

Language – Addison Wesley, 1997

Creating an OOMYou create a new object-oriented model by selecting File > New Model.

Note: In addition to creating an OOM from scratch with the following procedure, you can alsoreverse-engineer a model from existing OO code (see Reverse Engineering OO Source Filesinto an OOM on page 279).

The New Model dialog is highly configurable, and your administrator may have hiddenoptions that are not relevant for your work or provided templates or predefined models to

CHAPTER 1: Getting Started with Object-Oriented Modeling


guide you through model creation. When you open the dialog, one or more of the followingbuttons will be available on the left hand side:

• Categories - which provides a set of predefined models and diagrams sorted in aconfigurable category structure.

• Model types - which provides the classic list of PowerDesigner model types anddiagrams.

• Template files - which provides a set of model templates sorted by model type.

1. Select File > New Model to open the New Model dialog.

2. Click a button, and then select a category or model type ( Object-Oriented Model ) in theleft-hand pane.

3. Select an item in the right-hand pane. Depending on how your New Model dialog isconfigured, these items may be first diagrams or templates on which to base the creation ofyour model.

Use the Views tool on the upper right hand side of the dialog to control the display of theitems.

4. Enter a model name.

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The code of the model, which is used for script or code generation, is derived from thisname according to the model naming conventions.

5. [when available] Select an object language , and specify whether to:

• Share the object language definition – creates a link to the file in the ResourceFiles\ Object Languages directory. Changes made to the target affect allmodels that share it.

• Copy the object language definition in model – makes a copy of the resource fileand saves it with the model. Changes made to the target affect only the current model.

For more information about PowerDesigner resource files, and how to add extensions tothem, see the Customizing and Extending PowerDesigner manual.

6. [optional] Click the Select Extensions button and attach one or more extensions to yourmodel.

7. Click OK to create and open the object-oriented model .

Note: Sample OOMs are available in the Example Directory.

OOM PropertiesThe Model property sheet displays the definition of the current model.

An OOM has the following model properties:

Property Description

Name Name for the model

Code Code for the model. This code is used in scripts

Comment Descriptive label for the model

Filename Location of the model file. This box is empty if the model has never beensaved

Author Author of the model. You can insert a name, a space, or nothing.

If you insert a space, the Author field in the title box remains empty.

If you intentionally leave the box empty, the Author field in the title boxdisplays the user name from the Version Info tab of the model property sheet

Version Version of the model. You can use this box to display the repository version ora user defined version of the model. This parameter is defined in the displaypreferences of the Title node

Object language Current object language for the model

Default diagram Diagram displayed by default when opening the model

CHAPTER 1: Getting Started with Object-Oriented Modeling


8 PowerDesigner

CHAPTER 2 Building Use Case Diagrams

A use case diagram is a UML diagram that provides a graphical view of the requirements ofyour system, and helps you identify how users interact with it.

With a use case diagram, you immediately see a snapshot of the system functionality. Furtherdetails can later be added to the diagram if you need to elucidate interesting points in thesystem behavior.

A use case diagram is well suited to the task of describing all of the things that can be done witha database system by all the people who might use it. However, it would be poorly suited todescribing the TCP/IP network protocol because there are many exception cases, branchingbehaviors, and conditional functionality (what happens when the connection dies, whathappens when a packet is lost?)

In the following example, the actor "photographer" does two things with the camera: takepictures and change the film. When he takes a picture, he has to switch the flash on, open theshutter, and then close the shutter but these activities are not of a high enough level to berepresented in a use case.

Use Case Diagram ObjectsPowerDesigner supports all the objects necessary to build use case diagrams.

Object Tool Symbol Description

Actor Used to represent an external person, process orsomething interacting with a system, sub-system orclass. See Actors (OOM) on page 13.


Object Tool Symbol Description

Use case Defines a piece of coherent behavior in a system,without revealing its internal structure. See UseCases (OOM) on page 10.

Association Communication path between an actor and a usecase that it participates in. See Use Case Associa-tions (OOM) on page 18.

Generalization A link between a general use case and a more spe-cific use case that inherits from it and add featuresto it. See Generalizations (OOM) on page 97.

Dependency Relationship between two modeling elements, inwhich a change to one element will affect the otherelement. See Dependencies (OOM) on page 100.

Creating a Use Case DiagramYou can create a use case diagram in an existing OOM in any of the following ways:

• Right-click the model in the Browser and select New > Use Case Diagram.• Right-click the background of any diagram and select Diagram > New Diagram > Use

Case Diagram.

To create a new OOM with a use case diagram, select File > New Model, choose to create anobject-oriented model from the Model type list, choose Use Case Diagram as the firstdiagram, and click OK.

Use Cases (OOM)A use case is an interaction between a user and a system (or part of a system). It defines adiscrete goal that a user wants to achieve with the system, without revealing the system'sinternal structure.

A use case can be created in the following diagrams:

• Use Case Diagram

Example

In this example, "buy tickets" and "buy subscriptions" are use cases.

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Creating a Use CaseYou can create a use case in any of the following ways:

• Use the Use Case tool in the diagram Palette• Select Model > Use Cases to access the List of Use Cases, and click the Add a Row tool• Right-click the model or package in the Browser, and select New > Use Case

For general information about creating objects, see the Objects chapter in the Core FeaturesGuide.

Use Case PropertiesYou can modify an object's properties from its property sheet. To open a use case propertysheet, double-click its diagram symbol or its Browser entry in the Use Cases folder.

The General Tab contains the following properties:


Name Specifies the name of the item, which should be clear and meaningful, and shouldconvey the item's purpose to non-technical users.

Code Specifies the technical name of the object, which is used for generating code orscripts

Comment Descriptive comment for the object.

Stereotype Extends the semantics of an object derived from existing objects but specific toyour needs.

CHAPTER 2: Building Use Case Diagrams


Use Case Property Sheet Specification TabThe Specification tab contains the following properties, available via sub-tabs at the bottom ofthe dialog box:


Action Steps Provides a textual description of the normal sequence of actions associated with ause case.

For example, the action steps for a use case called 'register patient' in a hospitalmight be as follows: "Open a file, give a new registration number, write downmedical treatment".

Extension Points Provides a textual description of actions that extend the normal sequence of ac-tions. Extensions are usually introduced with an "if ....then" statement.

For example, an extension to the action steps above might be: "If the patientalready has a registration number, then retrieve his personal file".

Exceptions Specifies signals raised in response to errors during system execution.

Pre-Conditions Specifies constraints that must be true for an operation to be invoked.

Post-Conditions Specifies constraints that must be true for an operation to exit correctly.

Each of these sub-tabs contains a text box (RTF or TXT format) which lets you give a moredetailed definition of a use case.

Use Case Property Sheet Implementation Classes TabThe Implementation Classes tab in the use case property sheet shows the list of classes, orinterfaces used to implement a use case. A use case is generally a task or service, representedas a verb. When analyzing what a use case must do, you can identify the classes and interfacesthat need to be created to fulfill the task, and attach them to a use case.

Creating a Class or an Interface

To add a class or interface to the list, use one of the following tools:

Tool Action

Add Objects – Opens a dialog box from which you can select any class or interface currentlyexisting in the model to implement the use case.

Create a New Class – Creates a new class to implement the use case. The new class isavailable in the Classes folder of the current model or package in the Browser for use inother diagrams.

12 PowerDesigner

Tool Action

Create a New Interface - Creates a new interface to implement the use case. The newinterface is available in the Interfaces folder of the current model or package in the Browserfor use in other diagrams.

For example, a use case ship product by express mail needs the classes Shipping, Product, andBilling to perform its task:

You can display the names of the use cases associated with a class on the Dependencies tab ofits property sheet.

Use Case Property Sheet Related Diagrams TabThe Related Diagrams tab lists other diagrams in the present model that relate to the use case.Click the Add Objects tool to add diagrams to the list.

For more information see "Defining related diagrams" in the Diagrams and Symbols chapterof the Core Features Guide.

Actors (OOM)An actor is an outside user or set of users that interact with a system. Actors can be humans orother external systems. For example, actors in a computer network system may include asystem administrator, a database administrator and users. Actors are typically those entities



whose behavior you cannot control or change, because they are not part of the system that youare describing.

An actor can be created in the following diagrams:

• Communication Diagram• Sequence Diagram• Use Case Diagram

A single actor object may be used in a use case, a sequence, and a communication diagram if itplays the same role in each. Each actor object is available to all the diagrams in your OOM.They can either be created in the diagram type you need, or dragged from a diagram type anddropped into another diagram type.

Actors in a Use Case Diagram

In the use case diagram, an actor is a primary actor for a use case if he asks for and/or triggersthe actions performed by a use case. Primary actors are located to the left of the use case, andthe association linking them should be drawn from the actor to the use case.

An actor is a secondary actor for a use case if it does not trigger the actions, but rather assiststhe use case to complete the actions. After performing an action, the use case may give results,documents, or information to the outside and, if so, the secondary actor may receive them.Secondary actors are located to the right of the use case, and the association linking themshould be drawn from the use case to the actor.

On a global scale, a secondary actor for one use case may be a primary actor for another usecase, either in the same or another diagram.

Actors in a Communication Diagram

In a communication diagram, an actor may be connected to an object by an instance link, ormay send or receive messages.

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Actors in a Sequence Diagram

In the sequence diagram, an actor has a lifeline representing the duration of its life. You cannotseparate an actor and its lifeline.

If an actor is the invoker of the interaction, it is usually represented by the first (farthest left)lifeline in the sequence diagram. If you have several actors in the diagram, you should try toposition them to the farthest left or to the farthest right lifelines because actors are, bydefinition, external to the system.

Creating an ActorTo create an actor:

• Use the Actor tool in the diagram Palette• Select Model > Actors to access the List of Actors, and click the Add a Row tool• Right-click the model or package in the Browser, and select New > Actor


Actor PropertiesYou can modify an object's properties from its property sheet. To open an actor property sheet,double-click its diagram symbol or its Browser entry in the Actors folder.





Name Specifies the name of the item, which should be clear and meaningful, andshould convey the item's purpose to non-technical users.

Code Specifies the technical name of the object, which is used for generating code orscripts



Actor Property Sheet Implementation Classes TabThe Implementation Classes tab shows the list of classes and interfaces used to implement anactor. An actor can be a human being (person, partner) or a machine, or process (automatedsystem). When analyzing what an actor must do, you can identify the classes and interfacesthat need to be created for the actor to perform his task, and attach them to the actor.

Creating a Class or an Interface

To add a class or interface to the list, use one of the following tools:

Tool Action

Add Objects – Opens a dialog box from which you can select any class or interface currentlyexisting in the model to implement the actor.

Create a New Class – Creates a new class to implement the actor. The new class is availablein the Classes folder of the current model or package in the Browser for use in otherdiagrams.

Create a New Interface - Creates a new interface to implement the actor. The new interface isavailable in the Interfaces folder of the current model or package in the Browser for use inother diagrams.

For example, an actor Car needs the classes Engine and Motorway to perform its task. They areshown as related to the actor in the following figure:

16 PowerDesigner

You can display the names of the actors associated with a class on the Dependencies tab of itsproperty sheet.

Example

Conceptually, you may link elements even deeper.

For example, a clerk working in an insurance company is represented as an actor in a use casediagram, dealing with customers who declare a car accident.

The clerk actor becomes an object in a communication or sequence diagram; those diagramsrepresenting the actions between the objects, the clerk as an object receives messages fromcustomers and sends messages to his manager.

The clerk as an object is also an instance of a class Clerk that can be found in a class diagramwith its attributes and operations.



Actor Property Sheet Related Diagrams TabThe Related Diagrams tab lists other diagrams in the present model that relate to the actor.Click the Add Objects tool to add diagrams to the list.

For more information see "Defining related diagrams" in the Diagrams and Symbols chapterof the Core Features Guide.

Reusing ActorsThe same actor can be used in a Use Case Diagram, Communication Diagram, and SequenceDiagram. To reuse an actor created in one diagram in another diagram:

• Select the actor you need in the Browser, and drag it and drop it into the new diagram.• Select Symbols > Show Symbols in the new diagram to open the Show Symbols dialog

box, select the actor to display, and click OK.

Use Case Associations (OOM)An association is a unidirectional relationship that describes a link between objects.

A use case association can be created in the following diagrams:

• Use Case Diagram

You can create an association between:

• An actor and a use case• A use case and an actor

Associations in a use case diagram are very similar to those in class diagrams. However, it isnot possible to specify roles, cardinalities and navigability for associations.

18 PowerDesigner

The orientation of the association is defined by the way it is created graphically. Anassociation leading from an actor to a use case is an input association. An association leadingfrom a use case to an actor is an output association.

If the orientation of the association is not displayed, you can modify the association displaypreferences.

Example

Creating a Use Case AssociationYou can create a use case association in any of the following ways:

• Use the Use Case Association tool in the diagram Palette• Select Model > Associations to access the List of Associations, and click the Add a Row

tool• Right-click the model or package in the Browser, and select New > Association


Use Case Association PropertiesYou can modify an object's properties from its property sheet. To open an association propertysheet, double-click its diagram symbol or its Browser entry in the Associations folder.



Name Specifies the name of the item, which should be clear and meaningful, andshould convey the item's purpose to non-technical users.

Code Specifies the technical name of the object, which is used for generating code orscripts.






Orientation Defines the direction of the association. You can choose between:

• Primary Actor – the association leads from the actor to the use case• Secondary Actor – the association leads from the use case to the actor

Source Specifies the object that the association leads from. You can use the tools to theright of the list to create an object, browse the complete tree of available objectsor view the properties of the currently selected object.

Destination Specifies the object that the association leads to You can use the tools to theright of the list to create an object, browse the complete tree of available objectsor view the properties of the currently selected object.

20 PowerDesigner

CHAPTER 3 Building Structural Diagrams

The diagrams in this chapter allow you to model the static structure of your system.PowerDesigner provides three types of diagrams for modeling your system in this way, eachof which offers a different view of your objects and their relationships:

• A class diagram shows the static structure of the classes that make up the system. You use aclass diagram to identify the kinds of objects that will compose your system, and to definethe ways in which they will be associated. For more information, see Class Diagram Basicson page 21.

• A composite structure diagram allows you to define in greater detail the internal structureof your classes and the ways that they are associated with one another. You use a compositestructure diagram in particular to model complex forms of composition that would be verycumbersome to model in a class diagram. For more information, see Composite StructureDiagram Basics on page 24.

• An object diagram is like a class diagram, except that it shows specific object instances ofthe classes. You use an object diagram to represent a snapshot of the relationships betweenactual instances of classes. For more information, see Object Diagram Basics on page26.

• A package diagram shows the structure of the packages that make up your application, andthe relationships between them. For more information, see Package Diagram Basics onpage 28.

Class Diagram BasicsA class diagram is a UML diagram that provides a graphical view of the classes, interfaces,and packages that compose a system, and the relationships between them.

You build a class diagram to simplify the interaction of objects in the system you are modeling.Class diagrams express the static structure of a system in terms of classes and relationshipsbetween those classes. A class describes a set of objects, and an association describes a set oflinks; objects are class instances, and links are association instances.

A class diagram does not express anything specific about the links of a given object, but itdescribes, in an abstract way, the potential link from an object to other objects.

The following example shows the process of product order and shipment in a class diagram.


Class Diagram ObjectsPowerDesigner supports all the objects necessary to build clas

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