Obat Simpatik

7/23/2019 Obat Simpatik

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/obat-simpatik 1/68

OBAT SIMPATIS



POKOK BAHASAN

• PENGANTAR OBAT OTOMOM

• OBAT AGONIS KOLINERGIK

• OBAT ANTAGONIS KOLINERGIK

• OBAT ADRENERGIK

• OBAT ANTAGONIS ADRENERGIK



PENGANTAR

• DEFINISI

• meniru, modifikasi, aktivitas SSO

• mei!uti "

• sistem saraf otonom #anatomi$• %at kimia&i #neurotransmiter$

• or'an efektor #efek o(at$



Sistem saraf

Sistem Saraf Te!i Sistem Saraf Pusat

Divisi efferen Divisi afferen

#sensorik$

Sistem Saraf Otonom Sistem Saraf Somatik#motorik$

Saraf Parasimfatis Saraf Simfatis

Anatomi



NE)ROTRANS*ITER

RESEPTOR

EFEK OBAT

SINTESIS TRANSPORTASI

IKATAN

DEGRADASI

KHASIAT K+INIK



ANTIADRENERGIK

SIMPATOLITIK

α & β

Selektif & non-selektif



S)**ARIES

Struture of t-e Autonomi NS

* two ne!ons" #!e$an$lioni% an #ost$an$lioni%'

* s(na#se in atonomi% $an$lia'

* ea%) #!e$an$lioni% ne!on is %onne%te wit) ei$)t" nine o! #to + #ost$an$lioni% ne!ons'* T)e atonomi% $an$lia a!e also mini - inte$!atin$ %ente!s'

* T)e( !e%ei,e in#t f!om t)e #e!i#)e!( an molate t)e ot$oin$ !es#onses'

. Intrinsi neurons serete do!amine t-at is in-i(itor/0

T-e autonomi si'nas are transmitted to t-e (od/ t-rou'-

. t-e s/m!at-eti nervous s/stem #t-oraoum(ar s/stem, fi'-t and fi'-t division$

. t-e !aras/m!at-eti nervous s/stem #raniosara s/stem, rest and di'est division$

. Some aut-ors distin'uis- aso t-e enteri s/stem0



S1*PATHETI2 S1STE*

* T)e %ell oies in t)e inte!meiolate!al )o!ns of t)e t)o!a%i% an lma! s#inal %o!'

* T)e m(elinate slowl( %on%tin$ . fie!s /#!e$an$lioni%0 t)!o$) t)e $!a( !ami %ommni%antes

#ass into t)e ,ent!al !oots an to t)e s(m#at)eti% $an$lia /#a!a,e!te!al %)ain $an$lia0'

* !ost'an'ioni neuron /etween t)e s(m#at)eti% $an$lia an t)e ta!$et o!$ans0' - mostl(

nm(elinate 1 fie!s" en on t)e ,is%e!al ne!ons'

* T)e !araverte(ra s/m!at-eti -ains of t)e $an$lia lie on ot) sies of t)e s#inal %olmn'

* T)e!e a!e also two !reverte(ra 'an'ia t)e eia 'an'ion an t)e -/!o'astri 'an'ion'* T)e fie!s f!om t)ese $an$lia !ea%) t)e inne! o!$ans t)!o$) t)e #le2ses on t)e s!fa%e of t)e

loo ,essels' Ot)e! a2ons f!om t)e s(m#at)eti% $an$lia !eente! t)e s#inal %o! an !ea%) t)e ta!$et

o!$ans t)!o$) t)e s#inal ne!,es'

* a%ti,e in eme!$en%( sitations3

- )ea!t eat is a%%ele!ate"

- e(e ##ils a!e ilate"

- loo #!ess!e !aises"

- loo ,essels in t)e skin a!e %onst!i%te"

- loo $l%ose in%!eases"

- t)e state of a!osal is in%e'



Adrener'i ree!tors

- T)e ne!,e fie!s o not fo!m fi!m 4n%tions on t)e ta!$et

o!$ans'

- Ne!ot!ansmitte!s a!e se%!ete f!om t)e ,a!i%osities alon$ t)e

ne!,e fie!s'

- all a!e linke to G #!oteins'

- istin$is)e ( t)ei! sensiti,it( to e#ine#)!ine"

no!e#ine#)!ine an t)e !$ iso#!ote!enol'

- no!e#ine#)!ine a%ti,ates mo!e al#)a !e%e#to!s" e#ine#)!inea%ti,ates mo!e eta !e%e#to!s



NE)ROTRANS*ITTERS OF THE A)TONO*I2 S1STE*

* A%et(l%)oline an no!e#ine#)!ine a!e t)e #!ima!( atonomi% ne!ot!ansmitte!s'

* All #!e$an$lioni% fie!s a!e -oiner'i

* T)e #ost$an$lioni% fie!s of t)e #a!as(m#at)eti% s(stem a!e also %)oline!$i%'

* Most #ost$an$lioni% fie!s of t)e s(m#at)eti% s(stem a!eadrener'i

* Some atonomi% ne!ons a!e non-a!ene!$i%" non-%)oline!$i%'

- Do#amine is se%!ete in t)e s(m#at)eti% $an$lia an

- GnR5"

- 6IP /,asoa%ti,e intestinal #e#tie0"- somatostatin"

- sstan%e P"

- aenosine"

- nit!i% o2ie"

- ne!o#e#tie 7

- Some #!e$an$lioni% ne!ons %o-se%!ete #ol(#e#ties alon$ wit) a%et(l%)oline

T-e res!onses !rodued (/ t-e !ost'an'ioni neurons"

* fast EPSP8s $ene!atin$ t)e a%tion #otentials" #!o%e ( a%et(l%)oline9

* slow IPSP8s" #!oal( #!o%e ( o#amine

* slow EPSP8s9

* late slow EPSP8s lastin$ mintes'

A!-a ree!tors



A!-a ree!tors

* in%!ease int!a%ellla! %al%im le,els ( o#enin$ %al%im %)annels in

t)e %ell mem!ane" ( !eleasin$ %al%im f!om int!a%ellla! sto!es" o!

ot)'. 34 ree!tors are t-e most ommon adrener'i ree!tors0

5 dominate in saivar/ 'ands and in t-e vasuar smoot- muse

5 indue ontration of arterioes, uterus, (ron-ioes, s!-inters of

t-e urinar/ (adder and GI trat, vas efferens and musuus diator

!u!iae0

5 res!ond stron'/ to nore!ine!-rine and on/ &eak/ to

e!ine!-rine0

5 t-rou'- t-e G !roteins, t-e/ ativate !-os!-oi!ase 20 &-i-

ata/%es t-e i(eration of dia/'/ero &-i- auses a reease ofaium ions0

. 36 ree!tors are ess ommon, our in t-e 2NS, kidne/s, uterus,

!arotid 'and, !anreas, mast es and t-rom(o/tes, GI trat0 N

5 nore!ine!-rine in-i(its aden//ase0

Beta ree!tors- a%ti,ate %(%li% AMP an t!i$$e! #)os#)o!(lation of %ellla! #!oteins



- a%ti,ate %(%li% AMP an t!i$$e! #)os#)o!(lation of %ellla! #!oteins'

* 74 ree!tors are !rominent in t-e -eart0 T-e/ an raise t-e eve of

intraeuar aium0 T-e me-anism of ation invoves G !roteins0

T-e/ are ou!ed to t-e aden//ase05 In t-e SA node, t-e/ inrease t-e -eart rate0

5 In t-e A8 node, t-e/ inrease ondution veoit/0

5 In t-e -eart muse, t-e/ inrease ontratiit/0

5 In t-e kidne/, t-e/ inrease t-e seretion of renin0

. 76 ree!tors are in t-e areas not innervated (/ t-e s/m!at-eti

nervous s/stem, in t-e vasuar smoot- muse of skeeta muses, in

t-e &as of GI trat and in t-e (ro-ioes0

5 T-e/ are sensitive to different ate-oamines0

5 ativate G !roteins,5 stimuate aden/ /as

5 derease t-e eve of aium in t-e es0

5 ause t-e vasodiation and diatation of (ron-i,

5 stimuation of insuin reease,

5 inrease in i o sis and oneo enesis0



DISORDERS OF THE A)TONO*I2 NER8O)S S1STE*

T)e( a!e !elati,el( !a!e

* i!e%t ama$e to t)e )(#ot)alams ma( %ase ano!malities in wate!

alan%e o! tem#e!at!e !e$lation'

* $ene!ali:e s(m#at)eti% (sfn%tion ma( !eslt in %an%e! o! iaetes

mellits'

* in%ontinen%e of !ine

* im#oten%e

* w)en s(m#at)eti% ne!ons e$ene!ate" t)e!e is #!ima!( atonomi%fail!e' .t t)e!e is ene!,ation )(#e!sensiti,it('

Obat Simpatik

Documents

Transcript of Obat Simpatik