o We will identify the causes of progressivism.

Chapter 17: Progressive Erao We will identify the causes of
progressivism.
social reforms that Progressives
helped to achieve through political
reforms.
common; And sold their
possessions and goods, and
man had need.” Acts 2:44-45.
Chapter 17: Progressive Era
reforms to the social and political
problems brought forth because of
industrialization and urbanization.
address the issues faced by the
poor.
• Progressives wanted to use logic and reason to make society work in a more efficient and orderly way.
• Many were motivated by religious faith sought social justice.
• Progressives were middle-class people;
• They believed that highly educated leaders should use modern ideas and scientific ideas to improve society.
o honest government.
o Addressing urban issues such as paved streets, safe drinking water, decent housing, and adequate municipal services.
o Addressing big business and monopolies.
o Sought to address the condition of workers.
reform.
to make known the problems and social
issues that are facing society?
basis for social reform.
Rauschenbusch had become a
the earth to maintain the Bible,
and the Bible only, as the
standard of all doctrines and the
basis of all reforms. {GC 595.1}
• Rauschenbusch blended ideas from German socialism and American progressivism.
• To form what he called the Social Gospel by following Bible teachings about charity and justice.
• He explained, people could make society “the kingdom of God.”
• Many Protestant leaders followed
child labor and a shorter
workweek.
corporations and trusts.
• Settlement Houses were set up as community centers that provided social services to the urban poor.
• During this time, religious organizations such as the Young Men’s Christian Association (YMCA) also provided services to the urban poor.
• In addition to its goal of promoting Christian values, the YMCA offered classes, dances, and sports.
• The government under which Jesus lived was corrupt and oppressive; on every hand were crying abuses,--extortion, intolerance, and grinding cruelty. Yet the Saviour attempted no civil reforms. He attacked no national abuses, nor condemned the national enemies. He did not interfere with the authority or administration of those in power. He who was our example kept aloof from earthly governments. Not because He was indifferent to the woes of men, but because the remedy did not lie in merely human and external measures. To be efficient, the cure must reach men individually, and must regenerate the heart. {Desire of Ages, 509.3}
• Not by the decisions of courts or councils or legislative assemblies, not by the patronage of worldly great men, is the kingdom of Christ established, but by the implanting of Christ's nature in humanity through the work of the Holy Spirit. "As many as received Him, to them gave He power to become the sons of God, even to them that believe on His name: which were born, not of blood, nor of the will of the flesh, nor of the will of man, but of God." John 1:12, 13. Here is the only power that can work the uplifting of mankind. And the human agency for the accomplishment of this work is the teaching and practicing of the word of God. {The Desire of Ages, 509.4}
Progressives seek to improve lives of children
• Lawyer Florence Kelly helped convince the state of Illinois to ban child labor and other states soon passed similar laws.
• In 1902, Kelly helped form the National Child Labor Committee successfully lobbying the Federal Government to create the U.S. Children’s Bureau in 1912.
• This agency examined any issue that affected the health and welfare of children.
• The agency still exists today.
• However it was not until 1938 when Congress would end child labor for good
Progressives seek to improve lives of children
• Progressives also tried to better children’s lives by improving education.
• A number of states passed laws that required children to attend school until a certain age.
• However there was debate to what children should learn.
• Some argued work skills, others literature and music.
Addressing Industrial Accidents:
the 1900s had the highest rate
of industrial accidents in the
world.
Addressing Industrial Accidents:
• In March 1911 a fire at the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory in New York City killed 146 female workers.
• This sparked outrage.
• Progressives called for reform to make workplaces safer and worker compensation laws to fund paid workers hurt on the job.
Reforming Elections:
candidates to run for state and
local offices.
upcoming election.
Folette of Wisconsin.
Three Reforms Introduced:
collecting citizens’ signatures on the
petition.
elected officials to act.
power to remove public
servants from office before
drive for direct election for
senators by voters and not the
state legislatures.
when the Seventeenth
and issues in society? The Government?
The Church? Private Corporations and
charities? Or a combination of all three?
Please explain.
o We will analyze the impact of
changes of women’s roles in
society.
win workers’ rights and to improve
family life.
the right to vote.
nor free, there is neither male nor
female: for ye are all one in Christ
Jesus.
Women Make Progress
• Muller v. Oregon: The Supreme Court ruled that long working hours harmed working women and their families.
• National Consumer League (NCL) founded by Florence Kelly gave special labels and urged women to buy them and avoid products that did not have these labels.
• NCL backed laws calling for the government to inspect meatpacking plants, to make work places safer, and to make payments to the unemployed.
Women Make Progress
(WTUL), another group that
female factory workers.
hour workday.
• Main goal for progressive women was to improve family life.
• They pushed for laws that could help mothers keep families healthy and safe.
• One focus of this effort was the temperance movement led by the Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU).
• The group promoted temperance, the practice of never drinking alcohol.
Women Seeking to Improve Family Life
• Members felt that alcohol often led
men to spend their earnings on
liquor, neglect their families, and
abuse their wives.
the Eighteenth Amendment which
of alcohol.
• “It is not for kings, O Lemuel, it is not for kings to drink wine; nor for princes strong drink: Lest they drink, and forget the law, and pervert the judgment of any of the afflicted.” Proverbs 31:4-5.
• Wine is a mocker, strong drink is raging: and whosoever is deceived thereby is not wise. Proverbs 20:1
• Teaching us that, denying ungodliness and worldly lusts, we should live soberly, righteously, and godly, in this present world; Titus 2:12.
• Margaret Sager thought that family life and women’s health would improve if mother’s had fewer children.
• In 1916, Sanger opened the country’s first birth-control clinic.
• Sager was jailed several times as a “public nuisance.”
• Ultimately the Federal Courts ruled that doctors can give out information on family planning.
• In 1921, Sager found the American Birth Control league to make information more available to women.
Women Fight for the Right to Vote:
• Carrie Chapman Catt,
1) Some women lobbied
congress to pass a
pass state suffrage laws.
• When the U.S. entered World War I in 1917, Carrie Catt and Florence Kelly led NAWSA to support the war effort.
• Their actions led to lawmakers to support women’s right to vote..
• In June, 1919 Congress approved the Nineteenth Amendment to the Constitution that gave women the right to vote.
POP QUIZ!!!!!!!!!!
B –Progressive
A –Progress
C –Demand
D –Regressive
What is the name of the movement that sought to
bring about honest government, end corruption,
bring racial equality, and better working condition
and assistance for the poor?
B –YMCA
What was the a organization whose goal was to
promote Christian values, and offered classes,
dances, and sports. It is through a employee of
this organization that basketball was invented.
B –Chicago Fire
C –Forever 21 Fire
March 1911 fire that killed 146
female workers in New York City
that sparked outrage.
Amendment to the Constitution
in by voters and not picked by
the State legislature.
B –Tea Tottler
Movement that sought to ban alcohol for
sale and distribution because of alcohol
related abuse. This movement was led
mostly by women.
Amendment to the Constitution
distribution of alcohol.
the right to vote.
attitudes towards minority rights.
used by members of other
minority groups to defend their
rights.
“And if a stranger sojourn with thee in your land, ye shall not vex him. But the stranger that dwelleth with you shall be unto you as one born among you, and thou shalt love him as thyself; for ye were strangers in the land of Egypt: I am the LORD your God.” Leviticus 19:33-34.
Struggles Against Discrimination
• Teach them English
• Advised immigrants how to dress like White Middle-Class Americans
• Pushed them to replace the foods and customs of their homelands with Protestant practices and values.
• ACTIVITY: Should immigrants give up their culture to assimilate to the new nation they are living in?
Struggles Against Discrimination
• These reformers believed that assimilating immigrants into American society would make them more loyal and moral citizens.
• Many progressives found immigrants use of alcohol alarming but in European countries, it was customary for families to serve wine or beer with every meal.
• Many reformers believed these practices had moral faults.
Racial Minorities
• In the face of injustice the nation’s most visible African American leader urged patience.
• Booker T. Washington told blacks to move slowly toward racial progress.
• By working hard and waiting patiently, he believed, African Americans would gradually win white Americans’ respect and eventually would be able to exercise their full voting and citizenship rights.
Racial Minorities
• But there were African Americans that opposed Washington’s view.
• The most outspoken among them were W.E.B. Du Bois and William Monroe Totter.
• Both men had been raised in New England and educated at Harvard University.
• Both urged African Americans to demand immediately all the rights guaranteed by the Constitution.
Racial Minorities
• DuBois and Totter were concerned that all across the South, black men were being denied the right to vote.
• In the summer of 1905 they and other leading African American thinkers met at the Canadian side of Niagara Falls.
• They had to do so because the New York side of the border refused to give them hotel rooms.
Racial Minorities
Movement denounced the
sought full equality.
and lacked popular support.
Racial Minorities
• In the summer of 1908, a white mob in Springfield, Illinois attempted to lynch two African American prisoners in the city jail.
• Upon learning that the prisoners were secured in another location, the rioters turned their anger against Black residents killing two and destroying 40 homes.
• This is called the Springfield riots.
Racial Minorities
• This Springfield Riots outraged both the Niagara Movement and also White reformers.
• The fact that this riot happened at Abraham Lincoln’s hometown opened white reformers eyes.
• That there was a definite need to help African Americans to protect their lives, win their rights to vote. and secure their civil rights.
Racial Minorities
Americans through the legal
Racial Minorities
• During the early twentieth century, many African Americans began to migrate to the cities.
• Thus a network of relief agencies were formed called the Urban League.
• While the NAACP helped middle-class black struggle for political and social justice, the Urban League focused on poorer workers.
• The league helped families to buy clothes and books and send children to school.
Racial Minorities
• Jews in New York formed the B’Nai B’rith in 1843 to provide religious education and to help Jewish families.
• They also formed the Anti-Defamation league in 1913 in response to the growing Anti-Semitism.
• Mexicans formed the Partido Liberal Mexicano (PLM) which offered Mexican Americans many of the same services that the Urban League gave to African Americans.
• Do you think the United States is better
today in regards to race relations than it was
one hundred years ago? What do you think
the United States need to improve on in
addressing racism today?
What Can Be….
• When the Holy Spirit moves upon human minds, all petty complaints and accusations between man and his fellow man will be put away. The bright beams of the Sun of Righteousness will shine into the chambers of the mind and heart. In our worship of God there will be no distinction between rich and poor, white and black. All prejudice will be melted away. When we approach God, it will be as one brotherhood. We are pilgrims and strangers, bound for a better country, even a heavenly. There all pride, all accusation, all self-deception, will forever have an end. Every mask will be laid aside, and we shall "see him as he is." There our songs will catch the inspiring theme, and praise and thanksgiving will go up to God. {RH, October 24, 1899 par. 8}
OBJECTIVES: Chapter 17:4, Roosevelt’s Square Deal
o We will examine how Theodore
Roosevelt’s ideas on the role of
government.
government policy towards the
economy and natural resources.
Pro_22:16 He that oppresseth
and he that giveth to the rich,
shall surely come to want.
Roosevelt’s Square Deal
• After the assassination of William McKinley.
• Young and physically robust, he brought a new energy to the White House, and won a second term on his own merits in 1904.
• Roosevelt’s program was
called the Square Deal.
wealthy and powerful from
taking advantage of small
equal opportunity to succeed.
great “trust buster.”
break up industrial
combinations under the
Sherman Antitrust Act.
• One example is in 1904, when Roosevelt had his attorney general filed a suit in the Supreme Court against the Northern Securities Company.
• The Supreme Court ruled that this big railroad company was an illegal trust and forced the company to break into smaller companies.
Roosevelt Brings Increased Federal Authority:
• One example was in 1902,
where Roosevelt intervened in
a Coal Miners Strike.
• Roosevelt sympathized for the
needed to heat homes.
• Roosevelt threatened to send Federal troops to take control of the mines and have Federal employees run it.
• This was the first time the Federal Government had stepped in to help workers in a labor dispute.
• The coal strike was one of many steps Roosevelt took to control the powers of corporations.
• Within a year Roosevelt
Roosevelt Takes on the Railroads:
• The cost of shipping freight on railroads had been in issue since the 1870s.
• Railroad companies could charge whatever they wanted.
• Roosevelt pushed congress to pass the Elkins Act in 1903 which imposed fines on railroads that gave special rates to favored shippers.
Roosevelt Takes on the Railroads:
• In 1906, he got congress to pass the
Hepburn Act which gave the ICC
strong enforcement powers.
costs.
ferries, bridge oils, and oil pipelines.
Regulating Food and Drug Industries
• Roosevelt passed the Meat Inspection Act:
• It provided federal agents to inspect any meat sold across state lines and required federal inspection of meat-processing plants.
• The Pure Food and Drug Act:
• It placed the same controls on other foods and on medicines.
• It also banned the interstate shipment of impure food and the mislabeling of food and drugs.
• FDA is the modern equivalent.
GOVERNMENT MANAGES THE ENVIRONMENT:
direct water flow.
to farmers to other states.
Example (Colorado sharing water
passion for conservationism.
Reclamation Act (dedicated to
large-scale irrigation projects in
first major legislative
achievement of his presidency.
GOVERNMENT MANAGES THE ENVIRONMENT:
• In addition, Roosevelt set aside almost 200 million acres–almost five times as much land as all his predecessors combined–for national forests, reserves and wildlife refuges.
• He was influenced by California naturalist John Muir whose efforts had led congress to create Yosemite National Park in 1890.
Roosevelt Leaves After two terms”
• Roosevelt left the presidency after two terms in office stating he would wish to enjoy private life.
• Roosevelt’s influence helped Secretary of War William H. Taft to become president.
• Roosevelt expected Taft to continue his programs.
• Did it happen?
• Do you think Government regulation is needed for businesses to make sure they do not exploit workers or children or that the food supply is healthy or should businesses regulate themselves and are trustworthy to keep the law without government inspectors?
OBJECTIVES: Chapter 17:5, Wilson’s New Freedom
o We will examine Wilson’s
progressive economic policies.
progressive era.
do justice to the afflicted and
needy. Deliver the poor and
needy: rid them out of the hand
of the wicked.” Psalms 82:3-4.
Wilson becomes President:
Republican Party split between
terms to battle his successor,
William Taft who he saw was not
furthering his progressive legacy.
• This split led to the election of Woodrow Wilson.
• Wilson’s program was called the New Freedom, where he would place strict government controls on corporations.
• Though Wilson did not win the popular vote, Wilson received the majority of the electoral college votes.
• He was the first man from the south to win the presidency in more than 40 years.
• Wilson aimed to prevent big manufacturers from unfairly charging high prices to their customers.
• One way to do this was to lower the tariffs on goods imported from foreign countries.
• So if American companies prices were too high, consumers could buy foreign goods.
• With this he proposed the Underwood Tariff Act.
• The Underwood Tariff Act of 1913 included a provision to create a graduated income tax, which the recently passed sixteenth amendment gave Congress to do.
• A graduated income tax means that wealthy people pay a higher percentage of their income than do poor people.
• Revenue of the income tax made up for the money that government lost by lowering tariffs on imports.
banking system.
no central authority to
• As a result, interest rates for loans could fluctuate wildly and a few wealthy bankers had a great deal of control over the national, state, and local banks’ reserve funds.
• This means that a bank might not have full access to its reserves when customers needed to withdraw or borrow money.
(1913).
under the control of a Federal
Reserve Board which set up
regional banks to hold the
reserve funds from commercial
• This system is still in place today, helps protect the American economy from having too much money end up in the hands of one person, bank, or region.
• The Fed sets the interest rate, that banks pay to borrow money, from other banks, and it supervises banks to make sure they are well run.
• Wilson agreed with Roosevelt that trusts were not dangerous as long as they did not engage in unfair practices.
• In 1914 he persuaded congress to create the Federal Trade Commission (FTC).
• Members of this group were named by the President to monitor business practices that might lead to monopoly.
• FTC was also charged with watching out for false advertising or dishonest labeling.
Legacy of Progressive Movement:
• The political reforms of the progressives had a lasting effect on the American political system.
• The initiative, referendum and recall and the Nineteenth Amendment expanded voter’s influence.
Americans private lives
gaining more control over
• The American Economy today is heavily influenced by the Progressive Movement.
• Antitrust laws, the Federal Reserve Board, and the other federal agencies watch closely over the economy.
• The controls that Roosevelt and Wilson put in place continue to provide consumer protections today.
• The progressive years also greatly expanded the government’s role in managing natural resources, especially in the west.
• Federal action on dams, national parks, and resource use remain major areas of debate.
• The Progressive reformers passed on the idea that government can take action to help people fix problems.
• There are not many, even among educators and statesmen, who comprehend the causes that underlie the present state of society. Those who hold the reins of government are not able to solve the problem of moral corruption, poverty, pauperism, and increasing crime. They are struggling in vain to place business operations on a more secure basis. If men would give more heed to the teaching of God's word, they would find a solution of the problems that perplex them. {9T 13.3}
• The only remedy for the sins and sorrows of men is Christ. The gospel of His grace alone can cure the evils that curse society. The injustice of the rich toward the poor, the hatred of the poor toward the rich, alike have their root in selfishness, and this can be eradicated only through submission to Christ. He alone, for the selfish heart of sin, gives the new heart of love. Let the servants of Christ preach the gospel with the Spirit sent down from heaven, and work as He did for the benefit of men. Then such results will be manifest in the blessing and uplifting of mankind as are wholly impossible of accomplishment by human power. {COL 254.2}
• The gospel is a wonderful simplifier of life's problems. Its instruction, heeded, would make plain many a perplexity and save us from many an error. It teaches us to estimate things at their true value and to give the most effort to the things of greatest worth-- the things that will endure {MH 363.1}
• Do you think more government is needed to
make society better or do you think
government has too much power and need
to decrease to give companies and
individuals more freedom on how to conduct
their businesses?

o We will identify the causes of progressivism.

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Transcript of o We will identify the causes of progressivism.