Progressivism

Causes

Journalists expose corruption in govt Journalists expose unhealthy

working conditions Intellectuals qt dominant role of

large corporations Reformers want to be more

responsive to citizens Number of educated citizens

increase

Effects

Working conditions improve Business regulation increases City govt becomes more efficient State govt becomes more

democratic New amendments are added to the

Constitution

Progressive Movement Goals

Promoting Social Welfare Promoting Moral Improvement Creating Economic Reform Fostering Efficiency

Promoting Social Welfare

Aimed to help the poor through community centers, churches, social services YMCA Salvation Army Florence Kelly General Security of the National Consumers

League Investigating conditions under which goods

are made and sold Outlaw child labor and protect workers

Promoting Moral Improvement

Morality not the workplace held the key to improving the lives of poor people

Prohibition Women’s Christian Temperance

Union (WCTU)

Economic Reform Began to embrace socialism b/c of

uneven balance under capitalism Muckrakers Henry George

Poverty arose b/c some people bought property and held on to it until price rose

Edward Bellamy Looking Backward: 2000; US transformed into

a place of harsh working conditions, poverty, corruption

Fostering Efficiency

Make society & workplace more efficient

Scientific Management Henry Ford

City Level Reforms

Natural Disasters Led to adoption of city level officials;

city council, city manager goal was to stop corruption

State Level Reforms

Progressive governors passed states laws regulating RR, mines, mills, telephones companies

Robert M. La Follette: governor of Wisconsin, led way in regulating big business

Child Labor Performed unskilled jobs for lower wages Small body parts Every member of family needed to work Forming serious health problems National child Labor Committee

Keating-Owen Act Muller v Oregon http://www.continuetolearn.uiowa.edu/laborctr/child_labor/about/what_is_c

hild_labor.htmlhttp://www.labor.ky.gov/LaborInternet/Templates/MainTemplate_file.aspx?NRMODE=Published&NRORIGINALURL=%2fows%2femploymentstandards%2fchildlaborlaw%2f&NRNODEGUID=%7b94D8F9DA-60B5-47C7-A662-0E23E510CF10%7d&NRCACHEHINT=NoModifyGuest#Age_14_&_15

Gains made by Voters

Direct Primaries: cast ballots to select nominees for upcoming election

17th Amendment: allowing voters to pick their Senators

Initiative: citizens can propose new laws by obtaining a certain % of voters signatures on petition

Referendum: gave voters a more direct role in legislation

Recall: gave voters more ability to remove public officials from office before next election

Women’s Reform

Options in finding a job ½ pay for equal work Colleges Marriage NACW (National Association of

Colored Women) Women’s Suffrage

Susan B. Anthony

Teddy Roosevelt

modern Amer required a powerful govt

Square Deal: progressive reforms designed to protect the common people against big business

1902 Coal Miners Strike Federal govt would now step in to settle

disputes when welfare was threatened

Trust Busting

Trusts lowered prices to drive out competition, then rose prices

Regulate trusts that were harmful to public interest

Railroad Regulation

Interstate Commerce Act ICC (set up maximum rail rates)

Elkins Act Hepburn Act

Upton Sinclair

Wrote “The Jungle”; horrors of meatpacking industry

Led to creation of Meat Inspection Act Dictated strict cleanliness requirements

for meatpackers and created the program of federal meat inspection

Pure Food and Drug Act Truth in labeling

Natural Resources

Established National Parks Some wilderness would be

preserved and others would be developed for the common good

Civil Rights

Failed to support Booker T. Washington: head of

Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute

WEB Du Boise: blacks should accept segregation; helped form the NAACP

William Howard Taft

Payne-Alrich Tariff Compromise on tariff rate, angered

progressives Ballinger-Pinchot Affair

Ballinger allowed private group of business people to obtain several million acres of Alaskan public lands (rich w/ coal deposits); Pinchot thought Ballinger showed special treatment, Taft fired Pinchot, Rep revolted against Taft and began to vote Democratic; Ballinger resigned

T. Roosevelt wanted to run for re-election; incumbent nomination went to Taft

Bull Moose Party

Progressive party; candidate was T. R.

Platform: tariff reduction, women’s suffrage, regulate business, end child labor, popular election of Senators

TR shot in chest

Election of 1912

Roosevelt: Bull Moose Party Eugene Debs: Labor Party Woodrow Wilson: Democrat Party Taft: Republican Party Wilson won election http://wps.ablongman.com/wps/media/objects/1483/1518969/DIVI492.jpg

Woodrow Wilson

Clayton Anti-trust Act Strengthened Sherman Anti-Trust;

prohibited corporations from acquiring the stock of another if doing so would create a monopoly

Underwood Tariff Substantially reduced tariff rates

16th Amendment Legalized income tax; graduated tax

Banking

Federal Reserve System Reorganized federal banking system

Federal Reserve Act Divided country into 12 regions;

created 12 regional Federal Reserve Banks, all national banks in district are affiliated with this bank

Allow members to borrow money to meet short term demands, allowed to issue paper money in emergencies

Voting Rights1919: passage of 19th Amendment

Wilson and Civil Rights- opposed anti-lynching legislation- Capitol and Federal Offices were

segregatedLimits of Progressivism

- successful with economic and political reform, hesitant about social

-promised to help A.A., but didn’tProgressive movement came to a halt as a result of WWI