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NYC SUBWAYASEEM AHLUWALIAJAGRIT VIJPALASH PAHWAPAROOL CHAUHANWe designed this template so that each member of the project team has a set of slides with its own theme. Members, heres how you add a new slide to just your set:

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Careful! Dont annoy your fellow presenters by accidentally changing their themes. That can happen if you choose a different theme from the Design tab, which changes all of the slides in the presentation to that look. 1OVERVIEWOwner City of New YorkLocale New York CityTransit type Rapid transitNumber of lines 34lines (1 under construction)

Number of stations 469(MTAtotal count) 422 (compared to international standards) 5(under construction) 14 (planned)Daily ridership 5,597,551 (weekdays, 2014) 3,233,114 (Saturdays, 2014) 2,662,791 (Sundays, 2014)Annual ridership 1,751,287,621 (2014)Website mta.info/nyctOperation Began October 27, 1904(first underground section) July 3, 186(first elevated, rapid transit operation) October 9, 1863

Operator(s) New York City Transit Authority(NYCTA)Number of vehicles 6,384 HeadwayPeak hours: 25 minutesOff-peak: 1020 minutes

TechnicalSystem length 233mi (375km)(route length) 660mi (1,060km)(track length,revenue) 846mi (1,362km) (track length, total)

Track gauge 4 ft812in(1,435mm)standard gauge

Electrification 625V(DC)third rail (600V third rail for some lines)

Average speed 17mph (27km/h)Top speed 55mph (89km/h)2ABOUT NYC SUBWAYTheNew York City Subwayis arapid transitsystem owned by theCity of New Yorkand leased to theNew York City Transit Authority.

The New York City Subway is one of the world's oldest, world's most used, and the metro system with the most stations and the most trackage.

It offers rail service 24 hours per day and every day of the year.

The system is also one of the world's longest. Overall, the system contains 233 miles (375km) of routes, translating into 660 miles (1,060km) of revenue track; and a total of 846 miles (1,362km) includingnon-revenue trackage.

In 2014, the subway delivered over 1.75 billion rides, averaging approximately 5.6 million daily rides on weekdays and a combined 5.9 million rides each weekend (3.2 million on Saturdays; 2.7 million on Sundays).

On September 23, 2014, more than 6.1 million people rode the subway system, establishing the highest single-day ridership.

These lines have three or four tracks. Normally, the outer two are used for local trains, while the inner one or two are used for express trains. Stations served by express trains are typically major transfer points or destinations.

3HISTORYA demonstration for an underground transit system in New York City was first built byAlfred Ely Beachin 1869TheGreat Blizzard of 1888helped demonstrate the benefits of an underground transportation system. The first underground line of the subway opened on October 27, 1904. Opening prices for a rides cost riders $0.05 and in the first day alone carried over 150,000 passengersBy the time the first subway opened, the lines had been consolidated into two privately owned systems, theBrooklyn Rapid Transit Company(now BMT) and theInterborough Rapid Transit Company(IRT).The first line of the city-owned and operatedIndependent Subway System(IND) opened in 1932 to compete with the private systemsIn 1940, the two private systems were bought by the city and some elevated lines ceased service immediately while others closed soon after.Several connectionswere built between the IND and BMT; these now operate as one division called theB Division. Since theIRTtunnels, sharper curves, and stations aretoo smalland therefore can not accommodate B Division cars, the IRT remains its own division, theA Division.However, many passenger transfers between stations of all three former companies have been created, allowing the entire network to be treated as a single unit.TheNew York City Transit Authority(NYCTA), a public authority presided by New York City, was created in 1953 to take over subway, bus, and streetcar operations from the city, and placed under control of the state-levelMetropolitan Transportation Authorityin 1968.

Political cartoon critical of IRT service in 1905.TheCity Hall stationof theIRT Lexington Avenue Lineopened on October 27, 19044Construction methodsWhen the IRT subway debuted in 1904, the typical tunnel construction method was cut-and-cover. The street was torn up to dig the tunnel below before being rebuilt from above.

About 40% of the subway system runs on surface or elevated tracks, including steel or cast ironelevated structures, concreteviaducts, embankments,open cutsand surface routes.

All of these construction methods are completelygrade-separatedfrom road and pedestrian crossings, and most crossings of two subway tracks are grade-separated withflying junctions.

The 7,700 workers who built the original subway lines consisted mostly ofimmigrantsliving in Manhattan. These workers fueled the expansion that the subway needed.

More recent projects usetunnel boring machines(construction with which comes at a higher cost than construction with cut-and-cover does) to build the subway tunnels to minimize disruption at street level, but also to avoid already existing utilities

A stretch of subway track on the7 Subway Extensionunder construction

Tunnel constructionUsing traditional methods5LINES AND ROUTESIn New York City, however, routings change often because of changes in the availability of connections or the setup of service patterns.Within the nomenclature of the subway, the "line" describes the physical railroad track or series of tracks that a train "route" uses on its way from one terminal to another. "Routes" (also called "services") are distinguished by a letter or a number and "Lines have names.

There are24 train servicesin the subway system, includingthree short shuttles. Each route has a color and a local or express designation representing the Manhattan trunk line of the particular service. The colorlime greenis exclusively assigned to theCross-town Lineroute, which operates entirely outside Manhattan, while the shuttles are all assigneddark slate gray.

The1,6,7,C,G,L,MandRtrains are fully local; making all stops. The2,3,4,5,,,A,B,D,E,F,NandQtrains have portions of expressand local service. TheJtrain normally operates local, but duringrush hoursit is joined by theZtrain in the peak direction. Both run local, express orskip-stopon different parts of their route. The letterSis used for three shuttle services:Franklin Avenue Shuttle, Rockaway Park Shuttle, and42nd Street Shuttle.

Though the subway systemoperates on a 24-hour basis, some of the designated routes do not run, run as a shorter route (often referred to as the 'shuttle train' version of its full-length counterpart) or run with a different stopping pattern during late night hours (usually indicated by smaller, secondary route signage on station platforms).

6LINES AND ROUTES

LINESDIVISION A AND BTRUNK ROUTES7Station and concourseMany stations havemezzanines. These allow for passengers to enter from multiple entrances and proceed to the correct platform without having to cross the street before entering. They also allow for crossover between the uptown and downtown platforms.

Passengers enter a subway station through stairs towards station booths and vending machines to buy their fare, which is currently stored in aMetro Card.

After swiping the card at a turnstile, customers continue to the platforms. Some subway lines in northern Manhattan and the other boroughs have elevated tracks to which passengers climb up to the platforms and station houses via stairs, escalators, or elevators.

Entrance toBroad Street station with its red lamps, signifying its status as a part-time station. As of June 2015, the lamps are now green lamps, due to the restoration of weekend service to Broad Street.An entrance to theTimes Square 42nd Street / Port Authority Bus Terminalstation, the busiest station of the New York City Subway8PLATFORMSA typical subway station has waiting platforms ranging from 480 to 600 feet (150 to 180m) long, though some IND platforms may be as long as 660 to 745 feet (201 to 227m) long.Due to the large number of transit lines, one platform or set of platforms often serve more than one service. Passengers need to look at the overhead signs at the platform entrance steps and over each track to see which trains stop there and when, and at the arriving train to see which one it is.

9RestroomsRestrooms are rare in the subway system as only 129 open restrooms are in 77 of the system's 469 stations.Most station restrooms previously open to the public have been closed to the public and converted to storage spaces or for employee use only. However, there are a few major stations that have operating restrooms, including on the concourses of42nd Street Port Authority Bus Terminal; Chambers Street;57th Street Seventh Avenue;Coney Island Stillwell Avenue; andLexington Avenue/59th Street.[The majority of restrooms in the New York City Subway are found in express and transfer stations, at ADA-accessible stations, and at terminals, though not all of the aforementioned types of stations have restrooms.Future subway stations will have restrooms, including34th Streeton theIRT Flushing Lineand the threeSecond Avenue Subwaystations

REST ROOM AT CHURCH AVENUE10