Nya karaktäriseringsmetoder för fasta bränslen - Malbarhet ... · Nya karaktäriseringsmetoder...
Transcript of Nya karaktäriseringsmetoder för fasta bränslen - Malbarhet ... · Nya karaktäriseringsmetoder...
Panndagarna 2011
Nya karaktäriseringsmetoder för fasta bränslen -Malbarhet, tändvillighet och sintring
9-10 februari
S:t Gertrud Konferens Malmö
Johan WadenbäckChemistry & Materials
Outline
1. Background
2. Scope of the EXAS project
3. Grindability
2 | Panndagarna 2011, 9-10 February, Malmö | Malbarhet, sintring och tändvillighet | Johan Wadenbäck, Chemistry & Materials |
3. Grindability
4. Ignitability
5. Sintering
1. Background
The demand of an extensive CO2 reduction indicates, that many qualities of biomass will be utilized in power plant boilers in the future
• The biomass will be used alone or together with coals as co-firing
• The grindability properties for biomass (or biomass/coal blends) are not characterized by the current ”standard – classic” methods
3 | Panndagarna 2011, 9-10 February, Malmö | Malbarhet, sintring och tändvillighet | Johan Wadenbäck, Chemistry & Materials |
characterized by the current ”standard – classic” methods
• The combustion processes for biomass or biomass/coal blends are not characterized by the current ”standard – classic” methods
• Fly-ash deposits at ”low” temperatures (Sintering) can cause trouble with biomass firing
2. Scope of the EXAS project (1)
• Purchase of three lab-scale apparatus developed by Prof. śelkowski, Berg, Wadenbäck et al. for the determination of grindability-, sintring- and ignitiability properties of solid fuels
– Installation in the fuel laboratory at the Amager Power Plant in Copenhagen
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• Initial evaluation of the hardware with a three solid fuels; coal, straw- and wood pellets
– The results are compared with full-scale experiences in Vattenfall
• Further evaluation of solid fuels and solid fuel blends used within Vattenfall such as torrified- or steam exploded biomass etc.
continues…
2. Scope of the EXAS project (2)
continues…
• The novel methods are intended to be incorporated into the “routine analysis toolbox” of solid fuels
• Different parts of Vattenfall will gain experience from the project through reference group attendance as well as seminars/workshops/reports
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reference group attendance as well as seminars/workshops/reports – In addition: The possibility to test additional solid fuels and solid fuel
blends relevant for different parts of Vattenfall
• The novel methods are applied prior to introduction of new and unfamiliar solid fuels at power plants throughout Vattenfall
• Ackreditaded analyses and standardization?
• Simple test with simple device
• 8 steel balls overroll 60 times a 50 g sample of the fraction
• 0.600-1.18 mm
• The mass M [g] of the produced material finer than 75 µm
determines the HGI
3. Grindability – Hardgrove index (HGI)
6 | Panndagarna 2011, 9-10 February, Malmö | Malbarhet, sintring och tändvillighet | Johan Wadenbäck, Chemistry & Materials |
determines the HGI
13 6.93HGI A B M M= + ⋅ ≈ +
3. Grindability – CMT-mill principle
Feed (Mahlgut)Ground material
Suspended particles(staub)
airsieve
Measuring
0,15
0,2
0,25
m(S
taub
) /
m(M
ahlg
ut)
Mahlgut
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E
Recycled material
Raw sample
Modeling of the recycling in a large mill
0
0,05
0,1
0 2 4 6Durchlaufzahl
m(S
taub
) /
m(M
ahlg
ut)
Staub
3. Grindability - The EXAS CMT-mill
8 | Panndagarna 2011, 9-10 February, Malmö | Malbarhet, sintring och tändvillighet | Johan Wadenbäck, Chemistry & Materials |
3. Grindability – Solid fuels tested so far…
Characteristic particle size vs. energy in the CMT- mill
100
E [k
Wh/
ton
solid
fuel
] Black pelletsWood pellets
Straw pellets
9 | Panndagarna 2011, 9-10 February, Malmö | Malbarhet, sintring och tändvillighet | Johan Wadenbäck, Chemistry & Materials |
1
10
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Characteristic particle size, ds [µm]
E [k
Wh/
ton
solid
fuel
]
Coal
• Loesche mill
• 3 installed in Unit 1 on Amager CHP
• Samples can be taken before and after the mill
3. Grindability – Correlation with full scale (1)
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• The grinding energy and capacity can be recorded
3. Grindability – Correlation with full scale (2)
Good correlation!
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4. Ignitability – Combustion principles
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Loo and Koppejan 2008
At the moment: No standardized methods
The EXAS method: Ignitability index „Zündwilligkeitszahl“ (Zelkowski):
Ignition(tZünd)
Recirculation(tRez)
The Ignitability index can be interpreted in praxis as the ability of a fuel to develop and maintain a stabile “strong” flame.
4. Ignitability – Ignitability Index
13 | Panndagarna 2011, 9-10 February, Malmö | Malbarhet, sintring och tändvillighet | Johan Wadenbäck, Chemistry & Materials |
The Ignition Temperature of a cloud of suspended fu el particles (tZ150 in °C)
(which models the initial stages in the combustion process), the temperature of the gases, of a defined particle size probe, which is injected in a defined gas environment and ignites after 150 msec.
°⋅=
CKohlekg
MJ
t
NZWZ
Z
Z
150
500
Ignitability IndexThe Ignition potential N z500 (in MJ/kg solid fuel)
is the chemical energy per kg, which is released (volatile matter) from a dry solid fuel up to 500 °C.
4. Ignitability – Ignitability oven
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4. Ignitability – TU Clausthal / E2
15
20
25Zü
ndw
illigk
eits
kenn
zahl
ZW
Z k
J/(k
g*°C
)SteinkohlenBraunkohlenENERGIEKohlenBIOMASSEN Rusva-Spitzbergen
Kisselewsky
Poduff
Holz
15
20
25Zü
ndw
illigk
eits
kenn
zahl
ZW
Z k
J/(k
g*°C
)SteinkohlenBraunkohlenENERGIEKohlenBIOMASSEN Rusva-Spitzbergen
Kisselewsky
Poduff
Holz
15 | Panndagarna 2011, 9-10 February, Malmö | Malbarhet, sintring och tändvillighet | Johan Wadenbäck, Chemistry & Materials |
0
5
10
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
flüchtige Bestandteile F(i.waf) %
Zünd
willi
gkei
tske
nnza
hl
ZWZ
kJ/
(kg*
°C)
ADARO
Poduff
Stroh
0
5
10
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
flüchtige Bestandteile F(i.waf) %
Zünd
willi
gkei
tske
nnza
hl
ZWZ
kJ/
(kg*
°C)
ADARO
Poduff
Stroh
4. Ignitability – EXAS ignitability oven
Ignitability oven
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Jenkner device
6. Ignitability – Some results…
0,3
0,35
0,4
0,45
0,5
0,55
Zü
nd
ze
it [m
sec]
BP1
RuPod60%+BP40%
RuPod80%+BP20%
RuPod 100%
0,25
0,3
0,35
0,4
0,45
0,5
0,55
Zü
nd
ze
it [m
sec]
BP1
RuPod60%+BP40%
RuPod80%+BP20%
RuPod 100%
0,3
0,35
0,4
0,45
0,5
0,55
Zü
nd
ze
it [m
sec]
BP1
RuPod60%+BP40%
RuPod80%+BP20%
RuPod 100%
0,25
0,3
0,35
0,4
0,45
0,5
0,55
Zü
nd
ze
it [m
sec]
BP1
RuPod60%+BP40%
RuPod80%+BP20%
RuPod 100%
100% Fuel 2
60/40 Fuel 1/Fuel 2
80/20 Fuel 1/Fuel 2
100% Fuel 1
17 | Panndagarna 2011, 9-10 February, Malmö | Malbarhet, sintring och tändvillighet | Johan Wadenbäck, Chemistry & Materials |
0
0,05
0,1
0,15
0,2
0,25
550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000
Temperatur im Ofen °C
Zü
nd
ze
it [m
sec]
0
0,05
0,1
0,15
0,2
0,25
550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000
Temperatur im Ofen °C
Zü
nd
ze
it [m
sec]
0
0,05
0,1
0,15
0,2
0,25
550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000
Temperatur im Ofen °C
Zü
nd
ze
it [m
sec]
0
0,05
0,1
0,15
0,2
0,25
550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000
Temperatur im Ofen °C
Zü
nd
ze
it [m
sec]
6. Ignitability – Some more results…
Zündtemperatur tz(150)
680
700
720
740
760
780
800
820
840
tz(1
50)
[°C]
d(Probe) < 63 µm
d(Probe)
d(Probe) < 200 µm
d(Probe)
Zündtemperatur tz(150)
680
700
720
740
760
780
800
820
840
tz(1
50)
[°C]
d(Probe) < 63 µm
d(Probe) < 200 µm
d(Probe) < 200 µm
d(Probe)
Zündtemperatur tz(150)
680
700
720
740
760
780
800
820
840
tz(1
50)
[°C]
d(Probe) < 63 µm
d(Probe)
d(Probe) < 200 µm
d(Probe)
Zündtemperatur tz(150)
680
700
720
740
760
780
800
820
840
tz(1
50)
[°C]
d(Probe) < 63 µm
d(Probe) < 200 µm
d(Probe) < 200 µm
d(Probe)
d(Probe)
< 200 µm
Zündtemperatur tz(150)
680
700
720
740
760
780
800
820
840
tz(1
50)
[°C]
d(Probe) < 63 µm
d(Probe)
d(Probe) < 200 µm
d(Probe)
Zündtemperatur tz(150)
680
700
720
740
760
780
800
820
840
tz(1
50)
[°C]
d(Probe) < 63 µm
d(Probe) < 200 µm
d(Probe) < 200 µm
d(Probe)
Zündtemperatur tz(150)
680
700
720
740
760
780
800
820
840
tz(1
50)
[°C]
d(Probe) < 63 µm
d(Probe)
d(Probe) < 200 µm
d(Probe)
Zündtemperatur tz(150)
680
700
720
740
760
780
800
820
840
tz(1
50)
[°C]
d(Probe) < 63 µm
d(Probe) < 200 µm
d(Probe) < 200 µm
d(Probe)
d(Probe)
< 200 µm
16Nz(500) MJ/kg14
16Nz(500) MJ/kg
16Nz(500) MJ/kg14
16Nz(500) MJ/kg
18 | Panndagarna 2011, 9-10 February, Malmö | Malbarhet, sintring och tändvillighet | Johan Wadenbäck, Chemistry & Materials |
660
680
RuPod 1 100%
80%RuPod+20%Black
Pellets
60%RuPod+40%Black
Pellets
100%BlackPellets
d(Probe) < 200 µm d(Probe)
< 200 µm660
680
RuPod 1 100%
80%RuPod+20%Black
Pellets
60%RuPod+40%Black
Pellets
100%BlackPellets
< 200 µm d(Probe) < 200 µm
660
680
RuPod 1 100%
80%RuPod+20%Black
Pellets
60%RuPod+40%Black
Pellets
100%BlackPellets
d(Probe) < 200 µm d(Probe)
< 200 µm660
680
RuPod 1 100%
80%RuPod+20%Black
Pellets
60%RuPod+40%Black
Pellets
100%BlackPellets
< 200 µm d(Probe) < 200 µm
660
680
RuPod 1 100%
80%RuPod+20%Black
Pellets
60%RuPod+40%Black
Pellets
100%BlackPellets
d(Probe) < 200 µm d(Probe)
< 200 µm660
680
RuPod 1 100%
80%RuPod+20%Black
Pellets
60%RuPod+40%Black
Pellets
100%BlackPellets
< 200 µm d(Probe) < 200 µm
660
680
RuPod 1 100%
80%RuPod+20%Black
Pellets
60%RuPod+40%Black
Pellets
100%BlackPellets
d(Probe) < 200 µm d(Probe)
< 200 µm660
680
RuPod 1 100%
80%RuPod+20%Black
Pellets
60%RuPod+40%Black
Pellets
100%BlackPellets
< 200 µm d(Probe) < 200 µm
Fuel 1: 100% 80% 60% 0%
Fuel 2: 0% 20% 40% 100%
4
6
8
10
12
14
Ru
Po
d 1
10
0 %
80
%R
uP
od
+
20
%B
lac
k
Pe
llets
60
%R
uP
od
+
40
%B
lac
k
Pe
llets
10
0%
Bla
ck
Pe
llets
Nz(500) MJ/kg
ZWZ kJ/(kg*[°C])
4
6
8
10
12
14
Ru
Po
d 1
10
0 %
80
%R
uP
od
+
20
%B
lac
k
Pe
llets
60
%R
uP
od
+
40
%B
lac
k
Pe
llets
10
0%
Bla
ck
Pe
llets
ZWZ kJ/(kg*[°C])
4
6
8
10
12
14
Ru
Po
d 1
10
0 %
80
%R
uP
od
+
20
%B
lac
k
Pe
llets
60
%R
uP
od
+
40
%B
lac
k
Pe
llets
10
0%
Bla
ck
Pe
llets
Nz(500) MJ/kg
ZWZ kJ/(kg*[°C])
4
6
8
10
12
14
Ru
Po
d 1
10
0 %
80
%R
uP
od
+
20
%B
lac
k
Pe
llets
60
%R
uP
od
+
40
%B
lac
k
Pe
llets
10
0%
Bla
ck
Pe
llets
ZWZ kJ/(kg*[°C])
Fuel 1:100% 80% 60% 0 %
Fuel 2: 0% 20% 40% 1 00%
Often used methods: Leitz-Method: Determination of the ash-melting behavior (Influence of the temperature : e.g. DIN 51730, CEN/TS 15370);Change in physical form of a relatively fast (10 K/min) heated ash probe.
5. Sintering – Classic analysis of ash melting
19 | Panndagarna 2011, 9-10 February, Malmö | Malbarhet, sintring och tändvillighet | Johan Wadenbäck, Chemistry & Materials |
The EXAS Method: Determination of ash melting properities: Influence of the temperatureand time on the physical- and mechanical properties of an ash probe.
5. Sintering – EXAS sintering oven
20 | Panndagarna 2011, 9-10 February, Malmö | Malbarhet, sintring och tändvillighet | Johan Wadenbäck, Chemistry & Materials |
Manufacturing ofash pellets
>17 hoursin oven
Strength of pellets
Presentation of solid fuel results – An example
0,00
0,25
0,50
0,75
1,00
1,25
1,50Asche(wf)
Fl.Best,(wf)
C(i.waf)HGI
Dichte
RuPod 1Black Pellets
0 ,0 0
0 ,2 5
0 ,5 0
0 ,7 5
1 ,0 0
1 ,2 5
1 ,5 0A s c he (w f )
F l.B e s t,(w f )
C (i.w af )HG I
D ic hte
R uP o d 1B lac k P e lle ts
0,00
0,25
0,50
0,75
1,00
1,25
1,50Asche(wf)
Fl.Best,(wf)
C(i.waf)HGI
Dichte
RuPod 1Black Pellets
0 ,0 0
0 ,2 5
0 ,5 0
0 ,7 5
1 ,0 0
1 ,2 5
1 ,5 0A s c he (w f )
F l.B e s t,(w f )
C (i.w af )HG I
D ic hte
R uP o d 1B lac k P e lle tsFuel 1 Fuel 2
1,00
1,20
1,40Rel m(Br)
100% RuPud
80% RuPod+20%BP1l
60%RuPod+40%BP11,00
1,20
1,40Rel m(Br)
100% RuPud
80% RuPod+20%BP1l
60%RuPod+40%BP1
100% Fuel 1
80/20 Fuel 1/Fuel 2
60/40 Fuel 1/Fuel 2
21 | Panndagarna 2011, 9-10 February, Malmö | Malbarhet, sintring och tändvillighet | Johan Wadenbäck, Chemistry & Materials |
H(waf)
S(waf)
Hu(wf)H(w af)
S (waf )
Hu(w f)H(waf)
S(waf)
Hu(wf)H(w af)
S (waf )
Hu(w f)
0,40
0,60
0,80
1,00
Hu(mittl)(i,wf)
A(i,wf)F(wf)
tz(150)
60%RuPod+40%BP1
0,40
0,60
0,80
1,00
Hu(mittl)(i,wf)
A(i,wf)F(wf)
tz(150)
Acknowledgements
• Prof. śelkowski, TU Clausthal
• Mogens Berg, Vattenfall
• Nader Padban, Vattenfall
• The laboratory staff at AMV
22 | Panndagarna 2011, 9-10 February, Malmö | Malbarhet, sintring och tändvillighet | Johan Wadenbäck, Chemistry & Materials |
• Troels Christansen, DTU
• Mr, Schäfertöns, SBS, Braunschweig
• Etc.
And the work goes on…
Thank you for your attention!
02/22/10 | EXAS - EXpanded Analysis of Solid Fuels | 23