Nucleus/Nucleolus Structure

Double membrane (nuclear envelope)

Function Control center of the cell Stores hereditary info

(DNA) Makes RNA and protein Makes ribosomes

(nucleolus) Cell Type

Eukaryotic Cells Plant and Animal Cells

RIBOSOMES

Structure Made of proteins and RNA No membrane Most numerous organelle Made in nucleus (specifically in

nucleolus) Function

Aids in protein synthesis Free ribosomes make proteins

used by the cell Ribosomes on rER make proteins

for export to other cells Cell Type

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Plant and Animal Cells

ROUGH ER Structure

Internal membrane is a system of folded sacs and tunnels

Has ribosomes Function

Intracellular highway Molecules move from

one part of cell to another to be exported out of cell

Cell Type Eukaryotic Cells Plant and Animal Cells

SMOOTH ER Structure

Internal membrane of systems of folded sacs and tunnels

NO ribosomes Function

Intracellular highway Storage area for

proteins Cell Type

Eukaryotic Cells Plant and Animal Cells

GOLGI APPARATUS

Structure Stack of membranes or

sacs filled with fluid Function

Processing, packaging, and secreting organelle

Helps with protein synthesis

Cell Type Eukaryotic Cells Plant and Animal Cells

MITOCHONDRIA Structure

Double membrane Have own DNA Very numerous in high

requirement cells (muscles)

Function Powerhouse of the cell

(energy) Transfers energy into

ATP to be used as energy for life functions

Cell Type Eukaryotic Cells Plant and Animal Cells

CHLOROPLASTS

Structure Double membrane Contains DNA Contains green

pigment (chlorophyll) Function

Responsible for photosynthesis

Cell Type Eukaryotic Cells Plant Cells

LYSOSOMES

Structure Spherical organelles Contain enzymes

Function Digestion

Organic molecules Old organelles Foreign substances

Cell Type Eukaryotic Cells Plant and Animal Cells

CYTOPLASM/CYTOSOL Structure

Fluid between cell membrane & organelles

Contains water, salts, organic compounds

Function Aids in movement

Cell Type Prokaryotic and

Eukaryotic Cells Plant and Animal Cells

CYTOSKELETON Structure

Network of long protein strands

Located in the cytosol No membranes

Function Support Help with movement of

organelles in the cytosol Cell Type

Eukaryotic Cells Plant and Animal Cells

CELL MEMBRANE

Structure Lipid bilayer Proteins

Function Selectively permeable Boundary for cell

(protection) Cell Type

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Plant and Animal Cells

CELL WALL

Structure Wall outside

membrane Made of cellulose Has pores

Function Protect Support

Cell Type Eukaryotic Cells Plant Cells

VACUOLES

Structure Fluid filled organelles Very large

Function Stores enzymes Stores waste

Cell Type Eukaryotic Cells Plant Cells (large) Animal Cells (small)