Parts of the Cell

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Animal Cell

Nucleus

Nucleolus

Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm

What are Cells?•The cell theory states the following:

• All living things are composed of cells.

• Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things.

• All cells are produced from other cells.

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o1GQyciJaTA

Two Types of Cells:

1. Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound internal structures. Organisms whose cells lacks a nucleus.2. Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound structures. Organisms with cells that contain nuclei.

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function

1. Nucleus– Nickname: “The Control Center”– Function: holds the DNA– Parts:

• Chromatin: strands that contain genetic material• Nucleolus: dark spot in the middle of the

nucleus that helps make ribosomes• Nuclear Membrane: Surrounds the nucleus

– Plant and animal cells

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Animal Cell

Nucleus

Nucleolus Ribosomes

Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function

2. Ribosomes– Function: makes proteins– Located: 2 places - Connected to the ER

and all throughout the cell.

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Animal Cell

Nucleus

Nucleolus

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm

Ribosomes

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function

3. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)– Nickname: “Roads”– Function: The internal delivery system of the cell – Located: Close to the nucleus– 2 types: 1. Rough ER – Has the ribosomes

attached to it. 2. Smooth ER – does not have ribosomes attached to it.

– Plant and animal cells

Section 7-2

Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells

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Animal Cell

Nucleus

Nucleolus

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Ribosomes

Golgi Complex

Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function

4. Golgi Complex– Nickname: The shippers– Function: packages, modifies, and

transports materials to different location inside/outside of the cell

– Appearance: stack of pancakes– Located: Cytoplasm– Plant and animal cells

Section 7-2

Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells

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Animal Cell

Nucleus

Nucleolus

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Ribosomes

Golgi Bodies

Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function

5. Lysosomes: circular, but bigger than ribosomes)

– Nickname: “Clean-up Crews”– Function: to break down food into particles

the rest of the cell can use and to destroy old cells

– Located: Cytoplasm– Plant and animal cells

Section 7-2

Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal CellsAnimal Cell

Nucleus

Nucleolus

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Ribosomes

Golgi Bodies

Mitochondria

Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function

6. Mitochondria– Nickname: “The Powerhouse”– Function: Energy formation

• Breaks down food to make ATP– ATP: is the major fuel for all cell activities that

require energy

– Located: Cytoplasm– Plant and animal cells

Section 7-2

Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells

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Plant Cell

Cell Membrane

Vacuole

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function

7. Vacuoles– Function:

• Plant Cells– Very large and only one– stores water– This is what makes lettuce crisp

» When there is no water, the plant wilts

• Animal Cells– Smaller and several in number– Stores/releases waste products – used in cellular digestion

– Located: Cytoplasm

Section 7-2

Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells

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Plant Cell

Cell Membrane

Vacuole

Chloroplasts

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function

8. Chloroplasts– Function: traps energy from the sun to

produce food for the plant cell– Located: Cytoplasm– Green in color because of chlorophyll, which

is a green pigment– Plant cells

Chloroplasts

Section 7-2

Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells

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Plant Cell

Cell Membrane

Vacuole

Chloroplasts

Cell Wall

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function

9. Cell Wall– Function: provides support and protection to

the cell membrane– Located: Found outside the cell membrane

in plant cells– What is Cell Wall made of: Strong material

called cellulos

Plant Cell

Cell Membrane

Vacuole

Chloroplasts

Cell Wall

Nucleolus

Nucleus

Rough ER

Smooth ER

Golgi Bodies

Mitochondria

Ribosomes

Cytoplasm

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function

10. Cell Membrane– Functions:

• separates the inside of the cell from its environment

• Controls what substances enter and leave the cell

– Oxygen, carbon dioxide, wastes, food, etc…

– Located:• In plant cells, it is to the inside of the cell wall• In animal cells, it is the outermost part of the cell

• Centrioles

Function: Helps the cell divide (mitosis)

Located: Near the nucleus

Made of: Microtubules

Found in: Animal Cells only

• Cytoplasm– Function: Gel like substance that fills the cell

and holds the organelles in place.– Found In: Plant and animal cells– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-

zafJKbMPA8

Animal Cells vs. Plant Cells