NUCLEAR P WER

VERVIEW

Of

India

Presented

By

MBA PM 15th batch

ABHIJEET SRIVASTAVA

AMAN KUMAR

ALJAPUR HARKI THUKARAM

What is nuclear energy ?

Nuclear energy is a power source of energy generated during a nuclear reaction by change in the nucleus of an atom. The source of nuclear energy is the mass of nucleus and energy generated during reaction is due to conversion of mass into energy.

(Einstein’s Theory)

Ways to obtain Nuclear Energy.

Nuclear fission

Nuclear fusion

Nuclear Fusion

When atoms are joined together to

form a larger atom is commonly referred

to as nuclear fusion.

Sun produces energy through nuclear

fusion where the nuclei of hydrogen

atoms are fused into helium atoms.

Nuclear Fission

Nuclear fission works by

splitting the atoms apart to

produce smaller atoms and

as a result energy is released

Nuclear fission is used in nuclear power plants to generate

electricity through the splitting of the nuclei of nuclear atoms.

What happens IN Nuclear Fission….?

When a neutron strikes a uranium – 235 nucleus, it splits into two nuclei, releasing energy.

Reaction =>

Chain Reaction

If at least one neutron from each fission strikes

another nucleus a chain reaction will occur.

An assembly of Uranium – 235 that sustains a

chain reaction is critical

1

How it Works ?

Nuclear Reactor

A nuclear reactor is an installation capable of initializing, controlling and maintaining nuclear reactions(fission usually) chain occurring in the core of the facility.

Components of a nuclear reactor..

Reactor Core

Moderator

Control Rods

Coolant

Reflector

Thermal Shielding

Schematic diagram of a Nuclear Reactor

3

Types of Nuclear Reactor

Boiling Water Reactor

Pressurised Water Reactor

Liquid Metal Fast Breeder Reactor

Boiling Water Reactor(BWR)

Pressurized Water Reactor(PWR)

Liquid Metal Fast-Breeder Reactor

Comparison

Some other Reactors in operation are

VVER(Water Water Energetic Reactor; Russian version PWR)

EPR(European Pressurised Reactor; Third version of PWR)

ESBWR(Economic Simplified boiling water reactor)

Fusion Reactors

AGR Reactor(Advanced Gas cooled Reactor)

Magnox Reactor(Uses magnesium alloy cans)

CANDU Reactor(Uses Callendria)

India’s Production of electricity by the fuel

World Electricity Production by Sources:

Nuclear power in India

Nuclear power is the fourth-largest source of electricity in India after thermal, hydroelectric and renewable sources of electricity.

As of 2016 India has 21 nuclear reactors in operation in 7 nuclear power plants, generating 5,780 MW while five other plants are under construction and are expected to generate an additional 3,800 MW.

India’s nuclear power industry is undergoing rapid expansion with plans to increase nuclear power output to 64,000 MW by 2032. The country is involved in the development of nuclear fusion reactors through its participation in the ITER project and Is a global leader in the development of thorium based fast breeder reactors.

Nuclear power in india

First nuclear power plant in india

Tarapur atomic power station (T.A.P.S.) was the first nuclear power plant in the india. The construction of the plant was started in 1962 and the plant went operational in 1969,

The 320 MW tarapur nuclear power station housed two 160 MW boiling water reactor (BWRs), the first in Asia.

The tarapur plant was originally constructed by the american companies bechtel and GE. Under a 1963 123 agreement between india, the United States, and the IAEA. The tarapur atomic power station is under the control of nuclear power corporation of india limited.

Proposed Nuclear power plants

Power plant Type Capacity(Mwe) Expected commission

date

Jaitapur in Maharashtra EPR 9900(6×1650 Mw) 2019

Gorakhpur in Haryana PHWR 2800(4×700Mw) 2021

Mithivirdhi in Gujrat LWR 6000(6×1000Mw)

Kovvada in Andhra

Pradesh

ESBWR 6000(6×1000Mw)

Chutka in Madhya

Pradesh

PHWR 1400(2×700Mw)

Cont…

Power plant Type Capacity(Mwe) Expected commission

date

Bhimpur , Shivpuri in

Madhya Pradesh

PHWR 2800(4×700Mw)

Project Capacity (MWe)Expected Commercial

Operation

KUDANKULAM ATOMIC POWER PROJECT

1 x 1000Unit 2 – Jul-2016 (First Criticality)

RAJASTHAN ATOMIC POWER PROJECT

2 x 700Unit 7 – Jun-2016Unit 8 – Dec-2016

KAKRAPAR ATOMIC POWER PROJECT

2 x 700Unit 3 – Under ReviewUnit 4 – Under Review

Nuclear Power Generation (2010-11 to

2016-17)

Year Gross Generation (MUs) Capacity Factor (%) Availability Factor (%)

2016-17

(Upto July - 2016)12359 74 76

2015-16 37456 75 77

2014-1537835 82 88

2013-14 35333 83 88

2012-1332863 80 90

2011-12 32455 79 91

2010-1126472 71 89

The top ten countries planning for new

nuclear reactors and MW planned

Country # New reactors planned Number of MW planned

1 China 37 38,360

2 India 23 21,500

3 Japan 13 17,915

4 US 11 13,800

5 Russian Fed. 7 8,000

6 South Korea 6 8,190

7 UK 4 6,600

8 UAE 4 5,600

9 Canada 4 4,400

10 South Africa 3 3,565

Top ten countries by number of nuclear reactors in 2010

and nuclear energy as percentage of total energy

Country # Reactors Percentage

1 US 104 19.7

2 France 58 76.2

3 Japan 54 24.9

4 Russia 31 16.9

5 S. Korea 20 35.6

6 UK 19 17.4

7 Canada 18 14.9

8 India 18 2.9

9 Germany 17 28.3

10 Ukraine 15 47.4

Nuclear Supply Group (NSG)

48 countries are the members of Nuclear Supply Group. The group which keeps the knowledge of Nuclear Technology

Advantage of becoming the member of NSG is easy access of uranium among the various countries without any treaty.

China demanded that, in-order to member of NSG, India has to sign on the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty(NPT).

If India become the member of NSG, then India can produce 63,000 MW nuclear energy up to 2030.

Organizations for Nuclear Energy

International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)

World Nuclear Association (WNA)

Department of Atomic Energy (DAE)

Baba Atomic Research Centre (BARC)

Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited (NPCIL)

Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR)

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Advantages of nuclear energy

Does not emit carbon di-oxide (green house effect).

Generating the electricity from nuclear energy causes little

pollution.

Lots of energy is produced from small amount of uranium.

Nuclear plants bring jobs and prosperity to a country.

Disadvantages of nuclear energy

Disposing of the nuclear waste is very difficult and needs to be done after

a lot of planning by the experts.

The radioactive waste takes years to be no longer hazardous.

Waste must be stored very carefully for a long time.

Storing is huge problem. The waste is very dangerous. It is radioactive.

Nuclear power plants are very expensive to build.

Uranium is not renewable and can lead to environmental problems

through mining and processing.

Reference

Wikipedia

Nuclear power corporation of india website

Youtube