NS4053 Winter Term 2014 Country/Region Indices. Country Indices/Rankings I There are a number of...
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Transcript of NS4053 Winter Term 2014 Country/Region Indices. Country Indices/Rankings I There are a number of...
NS4053 Winter Term 2014
Country/Region Indices
Country Indices/Rankings I
• There are a number of organizations that provide rankings of countries based on factors that organization feels are key to progress and sustained growth and development
• World Bank Governance Indices
• Voice and Accountability
• Political Stability/Absence of Violence
• Government Effectiveness
• Regulatory Quality
• Rule of Law
• Control of Corruption
2
Country Indices/Rankings II
• Heritage Foundation, Index of Economic Freedom:
• Rule of Law
• Property Rights
• Freedom from Corruption
• Government Size
• Fiscal Freedom
• Government Spending
• Regulatory Efficiency
• Business Freedom
• Labor Freedom
• Monetary Freedom
• Open Markets
• Trade Freedom
• Investment Freedom
• Financial Freedom 3
Country Indices/Rankings III
• Legatum Prosperity Index
• Economy
• Entrepreneurship and Opportunity
• Governance
• Education
• Health
• Safety and Security
• Personal Freedom
• Social Capital
4
Country Indices/Rankings IV
• World Economic Forum, Competitiveness Index
• Institutions
• Infrastructure
• Macroeconomic Environment
• Health and Primary Education
• Higher Education and training
• Goods Market Efficiency
• Labor Market Efficiency
• Financial Market Development
• Technological Readiness
• Market Size
• Business Sophistication
• Innovation 5
WEF Framework
6
BRICs: Voice and Accountability
1996 2000 2003 2005 2007 2009 20110
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80V
oic
e an
d A
cco
un
tab
ility
(p
erce
nti
le)
CountryBrazilChinaIndiaRussiaSouth Africa
Source: World Bank, Worldwide Governance Indicators, 1996-2011
Reflects perceptions of the extent to which a country's citizens are able to participate in selecting their government, as well as freedom of expression, freedom of association, and a free media.
7
BRICs: Political Stability/Absence of Violence
1996 2000 2003 2005 2007 2009 20115
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
Po
litic
al S
tab
ility
/Ab
sen
ce o
f V
iole
nce
(p
erce
nti
le)
CountryBrazilChinaIndiaRussiaSouth AfricaSource: World Bank, Worldwide Governance Indicators, 1996-2010
Reflects perceptions of the likelihood that the government will be destabilized or overthrown by unconstitutional or violent means, including politically-motivated violence and terrorism.
8
BRICs: Government Effectiveness
1996 2000 2003 2005 2007 2009 201120
30
40
50
60
70
80G
ove
rnm
ent
Eff
ecti
ven
ess
(per
cen
tile
)
CountryBrazilChinaIndiaRussiaSouth AfricaSource: World Bank, Worldwide Governance Indicators, 1996-2010
Reflects perceptions of the quality of public services, the quality of the civil service and the degree of its independence from political pressures, the quality of policy formulation and implementation, and the credibility of the government's commitment to such policies.
9
BRICs: Regulatory Quality
1996 2000 2003 2005 2007 2009 201125
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
Reg
ula
tory
Qu
alit
y (p
erce
nti
le)
CountryBrazilChinaIndiaRussiaSouth Africa
Source: World Bank, Worldwide Governance Indicators, 1996-2011
Reflects perceptions of the ability of the government to formulate and implement sound policies and regulations that permit and promote private sector development.
10
BRICs: Rule of Law
1996 2000 2003 2005 2007 2009 201110
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65R
ule
of
Law
(p
erce
nti
le)
CountryBrazilChinaIndiaRussiaSouth AfricaSource: World Bank, Worldwide Governance Indicators, 1996-2010
Reflects perceptions of the extent to which agents have confidence in and abide by the rules of society, and in particular the quality of contract enforcement, property rights, the police, and the courts, as well as the likelihood of crime and violence.
11
BRICs: Control of Corruption
1996 2000 2003 2005 2007 2009 201110
20
30
40
50
60
70
80C
on
tro
l o
f C
orr
up
tio
n (
per
cen
tile
)
CountryBrazilChinaIndiaRussiaSouth Africa
Source: World Bank, Worldwide Governance Indicators, 1996-2010
Reflects perceptions of the extent to which public power is exercised for private gain, including both petty and grand forms of corruption, as well as "capture" of the state by elites and private interests.
12
MENA: Voice Accountability
1996 2000 2003 2005 2007 2009 20115
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Country/GroupingMonarchiesGulfAuthoritarian
Data Source: World Bank, World Governance Indicators, 2009
13
MENA: Political Stability, Absence of Violence
1996 2000 2003 2005 2007 2009 201110
15
20
25
30
35
40
45P
erce
nti
le
Country/GroupingMonarchiesGulfAuthoritarian
Data Source: World Bank, World Governance Indicators, 2009
14
MENA: Government Efficiency
1996 2000 2003 2005 2007 2009 201120
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70P
erce
nti
le
Country/GroupingMonarchiesGulfAuthoritarian
Data Source: World Bank, World Governance Indicators, 2009
15
MENA: Regulatory Quality
1996 2000 2003 2005 2007 2009 201120
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70P
erce
nti
le
Country/GroupingMonarchiesGulfAuthoritarian
Data Source: World Bank, World Governance Indicators, 2009
16
MENA: Rule of Law
1996 2000 2003 2005 2007 2009 201125
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70P
erce
nti
le
Country/GroupingMonarchiesGulfAuthoritarian
Data Source: World Bank, World Governance Indicators, 2009
17
MENA: Control of Corruption
1996 2000 2003 2005 2007 2009 201120
30
40
50
60
70
80P
erce
nti
le
Country/GroupingMonarchiesGulfAuthoritarian
18
MENA: Index of Economic Freedom
1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 201345
50
55
60
65
70
75
80O
ve
rall
Sc
ore
Overall IndexOther MonarchiesGulf MonarchiesAuthoritarian
Data Source: World Bank, World Governance Indicators, 2009
19
MENA: Entrepreneurship
• Large public sector has bred a lack of economic dynamism in region – further setting back employment
• World Bank found (2010) that MENA has some of the lowest firm entry density rates in the world
• Suggests a lack of entrepreneurship with rate almost four times lower than of Europe and Central Asia
20
MENA: Ease of Doing Business
• Region generally scores very low on World Bank’ Ease of Doing Business Index – even lower after 2011 – yet the private sector will have to create most of the jobs.
21
Social Capital• There are a number of interesting patterns associated
with the region’s governance.
• An often neglected aspect is social capital which incorporates
• Social networks and
• The cohesion a society experiences when people trust one another
• Empirical studies on social capital have found that societies with lower levels of social capital have experienced lower rates of economic growth
• Unlike physical capital, social capital may take years to show significant increases
• For the MENA region, low levels of social capital are closely associated with low levels of governance and entrepreneurship
22
Patterns of Governance/Social Capital
Egypt
Tunisia
Yemen
Morocco
Saudi Arabia
Jordan
Syria
Kuwait
Iraq
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
Ranking -- Legatum Social Capital (1 highest, 142 lowest)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Ran
kin
g -
- L
egat
um
Go
vern
ance
(1
hig
hes
t, 1
42 lo
wes
t)
23
Patterns of Social Capital/Entrepreneurship
Egypt
TunisiaYemen
MoroccoSaudi Arabia
Jordan
Syria
Kuwait
Iraq
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
Ranking -- Legatum Entrepreneurship (1 highest, 142 lowest)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140R
anki
ng
--
Leg
atu
m S
oci
al C
apit
al (
1 h
igh
est,
142
low
est)
24
Governance/Oil Curse
Iraq
Iran
Venezuela
Nigeria
Saudi Arabia
Russia
Angola
Mexico
Indonesia
UAE
Azerbaijan
Kuwait
ChadSudan
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
Ranking -- Legatum Economy (1 highest, 142 lowest)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
(Classic Oil Curse)
(Oil Blessing)
(Partial Oil Curse)
25
Asia Governance: Voice and Accountability
26
1996 2000 2003 2005 2007 20090
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90V
oic
e an
d A
cco
un
tab
ilit
y (p
erce
nti
le)
CountryChinaJapanSouth KoreaIndonesiaVietnam
Source: World Bank, Worldwide Governance Indicators, 1996-2010
Reflects perceptions of the extent to which a country's citizens are able to participate in selecting their government, as well as freedom of expression, freedom of association, and a free media.
Asia: Political Stability Absence of Violence
1996 2000 2003 2005 2007 20090
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Po
litic
al S
tab
ility
/Ab
sen
ce o
f V
iole
nce
(p
erce
nti
le)
CountryChinaJapanSouth KoreaIndonesiaVietnamSource: World Bank, Worldwide Governance Indicators, 1996-2010
Reflects perceptions of the likelihood that the government will be destabilized or overthrown by unconstitutional or violent means, including politically-motivated violence and terrorism.
27
Asia: Government Effectiveness
1996 2000 2003 2005 2007 200920
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Go
ve
rnm
en
t E
ffe
cti
ve
ne
ss
(p
erc
en
tile
)
CountryChinaJapanSouth KoreaIndonesiaVietnam
28
Asia: Regulatory Quality
1996 2000 2003 2005 2007 200920
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Re
gu
lato
ry Q
ua
lity
(p
erc
en
tile
)
CountryChinaJapanSouth KoreaIndonesiaVietnam
29
Asia: Rule of Law
1996 2000 2003 2005 2007 200920
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Ru
le o
f L
aw
(p
erc
en
tile
)
CountryChinaJapanSouth KoreaIndonesiaVietnam
30
Asia: Control of Corruption
1996 2000 2003 2005 2007 20090
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100C
on
tro
l of
Co
rru
pti
on
(p
erce
nti
le)
CountryChinaJapanSouth KoreaIndonesiaVietnamSource: World Bank, Worldwide Governance Indicators, 1996-2010
Reflects perceptions of the extent to which public power is exercised for private gain, including both petty and grand forms of corruption, as well as "capture" of the state by elites and private interests.
31
Asia: Overall Economic Freedom
1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 201135
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
Ov
era
ll E
co
no
mic
Fre
ed
om
Sc
ore
CountryChinaJapanSouth KoreaIndonesiaVietnam
Source: Heritage House Index of Economic Freedom, 2012
32
Asian Trade Freedom
33
1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 201120
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Tra
de
Fre
ed
om
Sc
ore
CountryChinaJapanSouth KoreaIndonesiaVietnam
Source: Heritage House Index of Economic Freedom, 2012
Asian Total Economic Freedom
34
1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 201135
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
Ove
rall
Eco
no
mic
Fre
edo
m S
core
CountryChinaJapanSouth KoreaIndonesiaVietnam
Source: Heritage House Index of Economic Freedom, 2012
Asian Governance: Total Dimensions
35
1996 2000 2003 2005 2007 200920
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Su
m:
To
tal G
ove
rnan
ce D
imen
sio
ns
(per
cen
tile
)
CountryChinaJapanSouth KoreaIndonesiaVietnamSource: World Bank, Worldwide Governance Indicators, 1996-2010
Africa: Progress in Voice and Accountability
36
1996 2000 2003 2005 2007 20090
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80V
oic
e a
nd
Acco
un
tab
ilit
y (
perc
en
tile
)
Country/GroupingNigeriaSouth AfricaEgyptLibyaKenyaGhana
Africa: Progress in Political Stability, Absence of Violence
37
1996 2000 2003 2005 2007 20090
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Country/GroupingNigeriaSouth AfricaEgyptLibyaKenyaGhana
Africa: Progress in Government Effectiveness
38
1996 2000 2003 2005 2007 20090
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80G
ove
rnm
ent
Eff
ecti
ven
ess
(per
cen
tile
)
Country/GroupingNigeriaSouth AfricaEgyptLibyaKenyaGhana
Africa: Progress in Regulatory Quality
39
1996 2000 2003 2005 2007 20090
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Country/GroupingNigeriaSouth AfricaEgyptLibyaKenyaGhana
Africa: Progress in Rule of Law
40
1996 2000 2003 2005 2007 20090
10
20
30
40
50
60
Country/GroupingNigeriaSouth AfricaEgyptLibyaKenyaGhana
Africa: Progress in Control of Corruption
41
1996 2000 2003 2005 2007 20090
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Country/GroupingNigeriaSouth AfricaEgyptLibyaKenyaGhana
Africa: Progress in Economic Freedom
42
1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 201125
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
Ov
era
ll I
nd
ex
of
Ec
on
om
ic F
ree
do
m
Country/GroupingNigeriaSouth AfricaEgyptLibyaKenyaGhana
Africa Groupings: Voice and Accountability
1996 1998 2000 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 20085
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Vo
ice
and
Acc
ou
nta
bili
ty (
per
cen
tile
)
Country/GroupingOilMineralCostalLandlockedNorthernChina
43
Africa Groupings: Political Stability Absence of Violence
1996 1998 2000 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 200815
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Po
litic
al S
tab
ility
, Ab
sen
ce o
f V
iole
nce
(p
erce
nti
le)
Country/GroupingOilMineralCostalLandlockedNorthernChina
44
Africa Groupings: Government Effectiveness
1996 1998 2000 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 200810
20
30
40
50
60
70
Go
vern
men
t E
ffec
tive
nes
s (p
erce
nti
le)
Country/GroupingOilMineralCostalLandlockedNorthernChina
45
Africa Groupings: Regulatory Quality
1996 1998 2000 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 200815
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
Reg
ula
tory
Qu
alit
y (p
erce
nti
le)
Country/GroupingOilMineralCostalLandlockedNorthernChina
46
Africa Groupings: Rule of Law
1996 1998 2000 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 20085
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Ru
le o
f L
aw (
per
cen
tile
)
Country/GroupingOilMineralCostalLandlockedNorthernChina
47
African Groupings: Control of Corruption
1996 1998 2000 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 200810
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
Co
ntr
ol o
f C
orr
up
tio
n (
per
cen
tile
)
Country/GroupingOilMineralCostalLandlockedNorthernChina
48
Latin America: Voice and Accountability
1996 2000 2003 2005 2007 20090
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90V
oic
e an
d A
cco
un
tab
ilit
y (p
erce
nti
le)
CountryArgentinaBrazilMexicoVenezuelaColombiaCubaChile
Source: World Bank, Worldwide Governance Indicators, 1996-2010
Reflects perceptions of the extent to which a country's citizens are able to participate in selecting their government, as well as freedom of expression, freedom of association, and a free media.
49
Latin America: Political Stability Absence of Violence
1996 2000 2003 2005 2007 20090
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Po
liti
cal
Sta
bil
ity/
Ab
sen
ce o
f V
iole
nce
(p
erce
nti
le)
CountryArgentinaBrazilMexicoVenezuelaColombiaCubaChile
Source: World Bank, Worldwide Governance Indicators, 1996-2010
Reflects perceptions of the likelihood that the government will be destabilized or overthrown by unconstitutional or violent means, including politically-motivated violence and terrorism.
50
Latin America: Government Effectiveness
1996 2000 2003 2005 2007 200910
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90G
ove
rnm
ent
Eff
ecti
ven
ess
(per
cen
tile
)
CountryArgentinaBrazilMexicoVenezuelaColombiaCubaChile
Source: World Bank, Worldwide Governance Indicators, 1996-2010
Reflects perceptions of the quality of public services, the quality of the civil service and the degree of its independence from political pressures, the quality of policy formulation and implementation, and the credibility of the government's commitment to such policies.
51
Latin America: Rule of Law
1996 2000 2003 2005 2007 20090
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90R
ule
of
Law
(p
erce
nti
le)
CountryArgentinaBrazilMexicoVenezuelaColombiaCubaChile
Source: World Bank, Worldwide Governance Indicators, 1996-2010
Reflects perceptions of the extent to which agents have confidence in and abide by the rules of society, and in particular the quality of contract enforcement, property rights, the police, and the courts, as well as the likelihood of crime and violence.
52
Latin America: Control of Corruption
1996 2000 2003 2005 2007 20090
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100C
on
tro
l o
f C
orr
up
tio
n (
per
cen
tile
)
CountryArgentinaBrazilMexicoVenezuelaColombiaCubaChile
Source: World Bank, Worldwide Governance Indicators, 1996-2010
Reflects perceptions of the extent to which public power is exercised for private gain, including both petty and grand forms of corruption, as well as "capture" of the state by elites and private interests.
53
Latin America: Total Economic Freedom
1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 201135
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
Ov
era
ll E
co
no
mic
Fre
ed
om
Sc
ore
CountryArgentinaBrazilMexicoVenezuelaColombiaChile
Source: Heritage House Index of Economic Freedom, 2012
54
Latin America: Trade Freedom
1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 201150
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
Tra
de
Fre
ed
om
Sc
ore
CountryArgentinaBrazilMexicoVenezuelaColombiaChile
55
