.*,

†

d

.

and

.

,

“

noun” .

.

‘

ass as a noun instead of a verb’.

‘textual cohesion’

.

nominalization ‘as a

uns into nouns’.

states: “ ”

*

†

,Wasima

144

” - .

‘ ’.

,

and is, ‘the main carrier of

writing’ .

d

2009 ,

.

,

. ,

“nominalization is most fr

makes a text sound authoritative, formal, impersonal and prestigious”

.

‘diverse situational information for its associated concept’.

the ‘process

reduction’

1992

‘informational

,Wasima

145

’.

Banks

y

n

e.g. ‘press – pressure’ and other is

e.g. ‘hot – heat’. Hartnett

into five types i.e. ‘non verbal nouns’

– plan, ‘gerunds’ e.g. to run – running, ‘adding a suffix to a

verb’ e.g. to engage – engagement, ‘from adjectives’ e.g. beautiful –

beauty and ‘verbs and nouns have different meanings’ –

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146

, .

by changing a verb internally e.g. ‘sell’

o ‘sale’ and ‘live’ into ‘life’, and by

word endings e.g. by adding suffix ‘–al’ as in ‘portrayal’, ‘- ance’ as in

‘attendance’, ‘- ee’ as in ‘payee’, ‘- ment’ as in ‘achievement’, ‘- tion’

as in ‘recommendation’, ‘ure’ as in ‘creature’, ‘- y’ as in ‘mastery’ and

‘–yst’ as in ‘analyst’. In the current study, the second type of

by using software ‘Antconc’ (version:

.

Suffix

01 ‘ ’

02 ‘ ’

03 ‘ ’

04 ‘ ’

05 ‘ ’

06 ‘ ’ (Gerund)

07 ‘ ’, ‘ er’, ‘ ship’, ‘

some’,‘ tory’,‘ ist’ and ‘ cy’ ,

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147

by suffix ‘tion’

verbs ‘abrogate’,

‘ ’ and ‘penetrate’, ‘aberrant’, ‘lexical’

‘divine’ etc; whereas, like ‘bureaucrat’, ‘ ’

‘persian’ etc. the suffix ‘ ity’ occurred with

, ‘combine’, ‘falsify’ ‘generalize’ ,

adjectives ‘actual’, ‘confirmable’ ‘desirable’ etc.

suffix ‘ ment’ also converted different parts speech into nouns e.g.

‘abandon’, ‘conceal’ ‘reimburse’ etc., adjective ‘assorted’

noun ‘predicate’ by ‘ism’

verb ‘connect’, ‘determine’ and ‘ ’

adjective ‘absolute’, ‘ascetic’ ‘constructive ‘and noun

‘absentee’, ‘calvin’ ‘connection’

‘ ness’ has also converted different parts of speech into

‘absolute’, ‘bewildered’ and ‘interactive’ etc., noun

‘disorder’, ‘drawback’ ‘expert’ , erb ‘near’ etc.

‘ ing’

, ‘amend’,

‘contextualize’ and ‘reinforce’ etc., and noun ‘schedule’, ‘skill’ and

‘supplement’ etc.

n

‘ tor’ verb ‘accommodate’ ‘accommodators’, ‘activate’

‘assimilate’ etc.,suffix ‘ ist’ with noun ‘action’, ‘agriculture’

‘calvin’ etc., verb ‘associate’ and adjective ‘cognitive’, ‘intercultural’

, suffix ‘ er’, verb ‘acquire’, ‘embellish’ suffix ‘ some’,

noun ‘adventure’, verb ‘bother’ etc., ‘ ship’, noun

‘interrelation’ and suffix ‘ cy’, with a noun ‘dependence’ .

o

by ‘tion’

verb ‘abrogate’, ‘coerce’ and ‘confiscate’

,adjective ‘actual’, ‘anonymous’, ‘approximate’ ‘compartmental’

noun ‘complement’, ‘edifice’ ‘habit’

h the addition of suffix ‘ ity’

verb ‘address’, ‘confirm’ and ‘conform’ adjective ‘adaptable’,

‘believable’ ‘confidential’

suffix ‘ ment’ with part verb ‘abandon’, ‘chastise’

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148

‘defile’ , noun ‘disillusion’ adjective ‘firm’

the addition of suffix ‘ ism’

noun ‘acronym’, ‘alcohol’ and ‘alphabet’ , adjective ‘active’,

‘anecdotal’ and ‘archaic’ etc.,and verb ‘aphorize’ and ‘syncretise’

of suffix ‘ness’. With the addition of suffix ‘ ness’ different

example, adjective ‘abrupt’,

‘backward’ and ‘deceitful’ etc., verb ‘concentrated’, ‘direct’

‘manipulative’ etc., and noun ‘light’, ‘narrative’, and ‘Pakistan’

adverb ‘together’ etc. ‘ ing’ form

like verb ‘abandon’, ‘affirm’ and ‘capitulate’

adjective ‘calm’, ‘compact’ and ‘double’ , and noun ‘condition’,

‘conference’ and ‘crowd’ etc.

example, suffix ‘ ist’ noun ‘anarchy’,

‘abolition’ ‘annexation’ , adjective ‘anti imperial’, ‘collective’

and ‘constructive’ etc., verb ‘conform’, ‘reform’

suffix ‘ er’ noun ‘adultery’, ‘care giving’ and noun ‘firm’ etc.,

‘advertise’, ‘agitate’ ‘ ’ ‘common’ etc

addition of suffix ‘ ry’ noun ‘anti slave’, ‘discretion’ and verb

‘discriminate’, by the addition of suffix ‘ or’ verb ‘connote’, ‘conserve’

and ‘liberate’. Whereas, by suffix ‘ship’ noun

‘comrade’, ‘demonstrator’ suffix ‘ nce’ noun ‘concord’ and

adjective ‘permanent’.

by adding suffix ‘tion’ occurred with different parts of

verb ‘abrogate’, ‘accentuate’ ‘disarticulate’

adjective ‘absolute’, ‘conscient’ and ‘appropriate’ noun

‘calcutta’, ‘capital’ noun ‘proscript’. suffix ‘

ity’ different parts of speech

‘accentual’, ‘affable’ ‘ antique’ etc., verb ‘address’, ‘fix’

‘generalize’ etc., and noun ‘animal’, ‘rascal’ ‘transversal’

addition of suffix ‘ ment’ different parts of speech are converted into

verb ‘abandon’, ‘banish’ ‘conceal’ ,

noun ‘disillusion’

nouns with the addition of suffix ‘ ism’, for example, adjective ‘absurd’,

‘aesthetic’ ‘binary’ etc., noun ‘anarchy’,urdu noun ‘awan’ and

‘braham’ etc., and verb ‘ ’, ‘conform’ ‘defeat’

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149

suffix ‘ ness’

noun adjective ‘absolute’, ‘asian’ ‘blessed’ ,

‘homeward’ and ‘prompt’ etc.

‘ ing’

parts of speech are converted into nouns for example verb‘

, ‘epitomize’ and ‘negotiate’ etc.,noun ‘disgrace’,

‘ ’ and ‘ ’ etc.

parts of speech. For instance, the addition of suffix ‘ ist’

‘abrogation’, ‘adventure’ and ‘alarm’ , adjective ‘absolute’,

‘absurd’ and ‘ ’ verb ‘accompany’, ‘conform’ ‘

non conform’ , by adding suffix ‘ nce’, verb ‘abhor’ and

‘admit’ .

,

‘ ’ occurred with the highest frequency, ‘ ’ i.e. gerund occurred

with second higher frequency, ‘ ’ with third higher frequency, ‘ ’

with fourth higher frequency, ‘ ’ with fifth higher frequency, ‘ ’

with sixth higher frequency and suffixes ‘

’ occur

, the process of nominalization by the addition of suffix ‘ ’

est frequency, ‘ ’ with second higher

frequency, ‘ ’ with third higher frequency, ‘ ’ i.e. gerund

Suffix ‘ ’

Suffix ‘ ’

Suffix ‘ ’

Suffix ‘ ’

Suffix ‘ ’

Suffix‘ ’ (geru

Suffixes ‘ ’, ‘ ’, ‘

’, ‘ ’, ‘ ’, ‘

’, ‘ ’ and ‘ ’

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150

occurred with fourth higher frequency, ‘

’ occurred with fifth higher frequency and ‘ ’ with

process of nominalization by the adition of suffix ‘ ’ occurred with

the highest frequency, ‘ ’ with second higher frequency, ‘ ’ with

third higher frequency, ‘ ’ with fourth higher frequency, ‘

’ with fifth higher frequency, ‘ ’ with

sixth higher frequency and ‘ ’ occurred with the least frequency.

,

.

‘ ’ is ad

,

. By adding suffix ‘ ’ the meaning of state

. ‘ ’ the meanings of actions or results

. ‘

’

., ‘ ’ the

., ‘ ’ the function

hereas, ‘ ’, ‘ ’ and ‘ ’

whereas, ‘ ’, ‘ ’, ‘ ’ ‘ ’ and ‘ ’

.

suffix ‘ ’, ‘ ’, ‘ ’, ‘ ’ ‘ ’

cantly requires nominal components of ‘state,

subject, object and subject complement’ for which nominalization by the

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151

the addition of suffix ‘ ’ and by t

like ‘ ’, ‘ ’, ‘ ’, ‘ ’, ‘ ’, ‘ ’, ‘ ’ and ‘ ’

n

p.82 93.

p.1017 1036.

n

p.783- 800.

Bloor,M.(1

h

,Wasima

152

382.

p.51- 87.

235.

n

N.,&

. Pap

276.

228.

,Wasima

153

803.

2261.

52.

678.

Pap

p.1.

Vol. 348- 365.