NOUN AND NOUN PHRASE

KATA BENDA DAN FRASA KATA BENDA

Dua bentuk kata benda

• Concrete Noun: kata benda yang berwujud ex: house, horse, gold, etc

• Abstract Noun: kata benda tak burujud

ex: knowledge, happiness, health, vision

Countable Noun: dapat dihitung

• Singular: berbentuk tunggal atau berjumlah satu

• Plural: bentuk jamak, berjumlah lebih dari satu

* pola beraturan (regular): ditambahkan akhiran s atau es

* pola tak beraturan (irregular): terjadi perubahan kata

Irregular Irregular Regular Regular

Singular Plural Singular Plural Singular Plural Singular Plural

Child Children Woman Women Office Offices Box Boxes

Man Men Goose Geese Wife Wives Cup Cups

Mouse Mice Foot Feet Loss Losses Son Sons

Tooth Teeth Deer Deer Potato Potatoes House Houses

Fish Fish Police Police City Cities Glass Glasses

Sheep Sheep Datum Data Rabbit Rabbits

Ox Oxen Alumnus Alumni Drawer Drawers

Person People Medium Media Book Books

Uncountable Noun: tidak punya jamak

• Selalu Singular: air, ash, asphalt, brass, butter, cement, chalk, cheese, chicken, chocolate, cloth, coffee, flour, food, fruit, furniture, gas, honey, ink, jewel, margarine, powder, rice, salt, oil, milk

• Bentuk jamak pada ukurannya a cup of coffee two cups of coffee a slice of bread three slices of bread a bottle of ink two bottles of ink

Amount: jumlah/satuan

With Countable Nouns With Non-count Nouns

a/an, the, some, any The, some, any

This, that, these, those This, that

None, one, two, three None

A few A Little

Few Little

Fewer Less

A lot of A lot of

Many Much

A large/great number of A large amount

Akhiran yang menunjukkan Noun

..ary, …aire Secretary,

millionaire…ism Criticism,

racism

..an, ..ian, ,..ician

African, pedestrian,

beautician…ist Artist, industrialist

..ance, ..ce Distance, absence, importance

…ion Relation, religion

..dom Wisdom, kingdom ..ment Enjoyment, government

..ee Employee, trainee ..ness Coldness, happiness

..er, ..ar, ..or Teacher, liar,tailor ..ship Friendship, leadership

..hood Manhood, childhood …t, th Height, length, truth

..ic, ..ics Logic, physics ..ty Sovereignty, activity

..is Analysis, crisis

NOUN YANG MENGGANTIKAN KALIMAT PERNYATAAN

Contoh : I remember something

I know something

• Something : bisa digantikan noun clause

• Dimulai dengan kata that = bahwa

I remember (that) he came to my house once

• That bisa dipakai, bisa tidak

NOUN YANG MENGGANTIKAN KALIMAT PERNYATAAN

“ I remember something

he came to my house once

(noun clause)

Diganti menjadi “

I remember (that) he came to my house once

KATA KERJA YANG BIASA DIIKUTI NOUN CLAUSE

• Agree, announce, answer, argue, ask. Asume, believe, boast (membual), complain, conclude, confess, decide, demand, deny, discover, doubt, drem, guess, hear, hope, imagine, inform, judge, learn, notice, pray, predict, promise, realize, regret, report, say, state, suppose, swear, think, understand

NOUN YANG MENGGANTIKAN KALIMAT TANYA

Who. Whom, what, why, when, which, how

“noun clause yang diikuti dengan wh disebut juga wh-clause

I remember something

I remember who studies English

I remember what he studies

I remember who/what ate her food

I remember what the cat eat

I remember who(m) you met

NOUN YANG MENGGANTIKAN KALIMAT TANYA

I remember something

I remember where she will work

I remember when they will be back

I remember how much it is

I remember which bus he took

I remember why he said that

NOUN YANG MENGGANTIKAN KALIMAT TANYA

“object pronoun” pengganti orang adalah who (jika orang yang akan diganti dengan Wh-clause adalah obyek kata kerja, lebih b aik menggunakan whom)

Who digunakan dalam bahasa lisan, dalam bahasa tulisan kita memakai whom.

Clause dengan wh- bukan kalimat tanya sehingga kita tidak dapat menggunakan : I know who is Sarah.

Hanya dalam penggunaan informal hal ini diperbolehkan.

NOUN YANG MENGGANTIKAN YES/NO QUESTION

I wonder something

Is he a student ?

I wonder whether (or not)/if he is a student

Did he go ?

I wonder whether (or not)/if he went

Can he swim ?

I wonder whether (or not)/if they can swim• Or not adalah optional; bisa dipakai atau bisa

tidak

NOUN YANG MENGGANTIKAN KALIMAT SERU

I know something

Something : How beautiful she is

I know how beautiful she is

Something : What beatiful girl she is

I know what a beautiful girl she is

Something : How quickly she finished her work.

I know how quickly she finished her work

NOUN DAPAT JUGA DIGUNAKAN SEBAGAI SUBYEK

Something is surprising

That he will come to visit us is surprising

Something makes me happy

That she is happy makes me happy

Something has embarrassed me

What he did has embarrassed me

NOUN DAPAT JUGA DIGUNAKAN SEBAGAI SUBYEK

Something doesn’t matter

Whether (or not) he is rich doesn’t matter

Something is important

How well she works is important

Noun clauses (that-clause dan wh-clause) yang ditempatkan di depan kalimat selalu dalam bentuk singular sehingga kata kerja yang digunakan dalam bentuk singular.