Notebook Practice for Construction

8/8/2019 Notebook Practice for Construction

1/22

NOTEBOOK

PRACTICE FORCONSTRUCTION

Advisor

Student


2/22

dr.ing. Gabriel Oprisan

Cochior Iulian

2010

Notebook Content

1. Introduction

2. Practice objectives

3. Conclusions

4. References


3/22

Introduction

1.Protection of labour

Issued: Romanian Parliament

Published in: Monitorul Oficial No. 157 from 23 july 1996

Cap.1

General dispositions

Art.1

(1) Labor protection is a set of institutionalized having intended to ensure the

best conditions in developing process work, defense of life, physical integrity and

health employees and other persons participating in the work process.

(2) labor protection standards established by this law is a unitary system of

measures and regulations applicable to all participants in the process work.(3) Activity enforce work safety ergonomic criteria for improving working

conditions and to reduce effort physical, and appropriate measures for women and

youth work.

Art.3

Work safety rules apply to employees, cooperative members, persons

employed with contracts, except those which have the purpose household chores,

and apprentices, students in performing during professional practice.

Cap.2Machinery, equipment and personal protection work, food safety and

sanitary materials

Art.12

(1) For purposes of this Act, are equipment: machines, equipment, facilities,

equipment, devices, tools and other similar means necessary in the work process.


4/22

(2) machinery must comply with the provisions of rules, standards and other

regulations on labor protection and not endanger the health or life of employees,

the persons to drive for work or other persons to ensure that work protection

pursuant to art. 3.

(3) Machinery of domestic and imported must be equipped with measuring

and control equipment parameters, and prevention and hazard warning states.

Cap.3

Obligations regarding the achievement of employment protection

measures

Art.18

(1) In order to ensure work safety conditions and prevention of work

accidents and occupational diseases, management legal person, as well as

individuals have the following duties:

a) to adopt the research phase, design and execution of construction technical

equipment and to develop technologies manufacturing solutions for protecting

labor standards in accordance with whose implemented to eliminate the risk of

injury and illness professional employees and others involved in the process work;

b) to develop their own rules for protection rules work under the conditions in

which the activity jobs;

c) provide information to each person prior to employment in risks to which it is

exposed at work and the necessary preventive measures;d) ensure the unit cost, training, testing and improvement employment of people

with responsibilities in the field of labor;

Art.19

Persons mentioned in Art.3 are required:

a) acquire and comply with work safety rules and measures for their

implementation;

b) operate in such a way as not to expose to danger injury or occupational

disease both own person, as well as on others involved in the work process;

c) notify the work supervisor any damage technical or other situation that

constitutes a danger of injury or occupational disease;

d) notify the head of workplace accidents suffered by the person's own work and

others participating in work process;

e) to stop work on the appearance of imminent danger of causing incident and

immediately inform the head job;


5/22

f) use personal protective equipment provided, proper purpose for which it was

granted;

g) give the relations required by the control and research labor safety.

Cap.5

Work accidents and occupational diseases

Art.24

Fall accident at work in relation to products and consequences number of

persons injured in:

a) the accident causing temporary work incapacity of at least three days;

b) accident causing disability;c) the fatal accident;

d) collective accident when I am injured at least three people in the same time

and the same cause.

Cap.7

Final and transitional provisions

Art.46

Legal entities and individuals who carry out their work without be authorizedin terms of labor protection in the coming into this law are obliged to apply state

inspectorates territorial safety, within 30 days of arrival in this law, the

authorization of operation.

Art.50

The purpose of this law, professional practice means training practice, and specific

job specialty that prepare students students and apprentices in workshops and

laboratories of legal persons

individuals and workshops.

2.Necessary documents for a

building erection


6/22

SECTION 1

- Application form for issuance of building permit - including annex, complete with

the identification and technical data on the design (stamped for legal persons).

- Proof of title to the building, which will render the applicant the right execution of

construction works (the copy);

- Cadastral sheet

- Tabulation

- Planning certificate (copy) and Annex HCLM plan DUP / ZUP / regulations PUG

- To authorize the construction works - CAP, including dissertations and

verification, if necessary, referatul technical expertise - signed and stamped

original (two copies) made up as follows:

a) it elaborates the collective technical expertise, to endorse and be signed by

technical personnel with superior training only in architecture and constructionb) verify the law of auditors certified projects

c) in case authorization is required and site organization, presents and songs -

written and drawn - project specific organization works execution (POE) and

specific notices (notice the traffic, notice for temporary employment in the public

domain, health advice, opinion /contract sanitation company, etc.);

- Document the payment of the fee for issuing a building permit (copy)

- Solemn declaration on the lack of litigation over the property;

-Proof of payment of legal fees from subsidiary SRO and project making in

evidence submitted for approval

- Agreement neighbors in authentic form or notary statements

WORKS consent holder shall:

1. City to announce the start date The work authorized by reference, with at least

five days before, the attached authorization form.

2. Notify the State Inspection for Quality Building works start date permitted by

sending, at least 30 days before, the attached authorization form.

3. Keep in perfect condition the building permit and construction documentation

for neschimbare targeted, they will demand, throughout the work, the organs

charged with exercising control law.4. If during the works in which archaeological remains are found (fragments of

walls, hollow frames, carved and sculpted stones, foundations, osminte, monetary

stock, pottery, etc..) Notify immediately the issuer of the permit (City Hall). Replay

The work will be done only with the professional body.

5. Comply with the conditions imposed by the use and protection of the public

domain, as well as environmental laws.


7/22

6. To carry on Constanta Port Gate 9 103 berth behind, according to the permit

issued by the Directorate of Public Services, materials can not be recovered or

exploit, lagging behind the construction of temporary buildings and construction to

disband after completion of work, to observe the time limit established by the

building permit.

7. After completion of work, request the minutes of reception.

SECTION 2

- The necessary legal notices and agreements and plans to annex the subject

issuer, nominated in the planning certificate (RAJA, Electrical, Romtelecom,

Congaz, RADET, Termoelectrica, RATC, municipal Direction (green areas),

SCILConfort Urban (Lighting) , Fire Brigade, Sanepid, Environment Agency, County

Department for Culture, Constanta Construction Inspectorate, designed to), if

necessary

SECTION 3

-indicative estimate of the work

-designers signatures list

-inspection reports

SECTION 4.

A. Memorandum of architecture:

- Framed in the plan at 1:1000 scale

- The situation on a scale of 1:200 concerned PMC Cadastre Service will include:

parcel topographical elements, projected construction shares (share level,

distance, pavement lines, alleys, platforms, name and destination of each body

construction, the vertical, storm drainage purposes, pedestrian accesses, green

spaces)

- Network coordinator plan

- The situation with the circulation and pedestrian accesses, car (and relationships

with existing circulation, where applicable)

- Plan the existing street front progress / proposed + photos + + 3D simulation in

with other studies mentioned- Plan levels, roof, typical sections, plans mention front color-prepared materials

and finishes used in 1:50 scale

B. Technical Memorandum of resistance:

- There's technical expertise where appropriate

- Foundation structure plans drawn at 1:50 scale


8/22

- Details

- Subzidiri plans, where appropriate

C. The technical installations:

- Layout

Practice objectives

Identify building types:

Office and apartment buildings (ex. Palas Projects,

Iasicon-Podul de fier)

Industrial Buildings (Bricostore)

Monumental Buildings (Manastirea Galata si

Manastirea Cetatuia)

For every type of building recognize:

Structural elements (girders, beams, columns,

purlins, foundations, masonry walls)

Building materials (brick blocks mechanical

characteristics, steel reinforcements, concrete

class, etc.)


9/22

1. Office and apartment buildings

Palas Project

It is one of the largest projects of its kind in Europe. This includes office buildings,

family housing, commercial premises and underground parking.


10/22

In the right image we see an apartment building with two undergroundparking levels. It can be easily main structure of the building, which is composed of

supporting pillars and beams. Due to underground parking, we can realize that the

building has a strong foundation.

Due to project size we see a concrete station which help save time and funds

The beams and columns are made of reinforced concrete and the walls will

be made of autoclaved concrete.

Palas project is the largest project in Eastern Europe but unfortunately we

do not have much information on it.


11/22

Shops, offices and homes

This project involves two buildings housing the nine and 11 storeys. The first

two floors are for offices and commercial spaces. Others are intended for

housing. In the basement there is parking. Among the elements of structure

mention support columns and diaphragms. They are constructed of reinforced

concrete.


12/22

This picture is observed coffering concrete columns using prefabricated

formwork. Molded plates are supported by pillars and beams with lattice. After a

period of approximately 20 days to remove the casings and remove support pillars.

Elevator shaft was built with vertical

hollow bricks and building walls are made of

autoclaved concrete.

Reinforcing pillars are made with steel and stirrups. Fittings role is to give

greater strength poles. In this picture you can see also the posts ready for casting.


13/22

Here you can see the connections between stirrups and fittings

2.Industrial BuildingsDuring practice we visited the laboratory of concrete, aerodynamics

laboratory of the faculty and an industrial plant unfinished.

a.The concrete laboratory


14/22

This kind of roof is made by beams and it is used at industrial buildings. It is

used because of the its size and its strength. Roof beams give a high strength

concrete structure due.

In this picture we can see the pillars which support a machinery beam. It is

made by reinforced concrete and it has the following form.


15/22

Here we have the bracings of the building. They are mounted between the

columns and their role is to preserve the structure.

The above give us some of the main structure of industrial buildings.

b.Industrial building

In this building you can see the fork columns, walls with vertical hollow brick, concrete

beams, and ceiling in the box form. The structural elements are:fork columns and the

concrete beams


16/22

3.Monumental buildings

Cetatuia Monastery

Raised arc(arc suprainaltat)

Bracket arc(arc in acolada)


17/22

Arc in maner de cos

Arc frant obtuz

Classification of arcs


18/22

Conclusions


19/22

Structural engineering is a field of engineering that deals with the design of anystructural system(s), the purpose of which is to support and resist various loads.

Most commonly, structural engineers are involved in the design of buildings andnonbuilding structures, but also play an essential role in designing machinery

where structural integrity of the design item is a matter of safety and reliability.Large man-made objectseverything from furniture to medical equipment andfrom vehicles (trucks, aircraft, spacecraft and watercraft) to cranesrequire theinput of a structural engineer.

Traditionally, structural engineering is viewed as part of civil engineering, however,its scope is already expanded beyond the edge of civil engineering. In a practicalsense, structural engineering is largely the application of Newtonian mechanics tothe design of structural elements and systems that support buildings, bridges,walls (including retaining walls), dams, tunnels, etc.

Structural engineers ensure that their designs satisfy a given design intentpredicated on safety (i.e. structures do not collapse without due warning) and onserviceability (i.e. floor vibration and building sway do not result in occupantscriteria discomfort). In addition, structural engineers are responsible for makingefficient use of funds and materials to achieve these goals. Typically, entry-levelstructural engineers may design simple beams, columns, and floors of a newbuilding, including calculating the loads on each member and the load capacity ofvarious building materials (steel, timber, masonry, concrete). An experiencedengineer would tend to render more difficult structures, considering physics ofmoisture, heat and energy inside the building components.

In the United States, the structural engineering field is often subdivided into bridgeengineering and structural engineering for buildings. Additionally, structuralengineers often further specialize into special structure manufacture orconstruction, such as pipeline engineering or industrial structures.

Structural loads on structures are generally classified as: live loads such as theweight of occupants and furniture in a building, the forces of wind or weights ofwater, the forces due to seismic activity such as an earthquake, dead loadsincluding the weight of the structure itself and all major architectural componentsand live roof loads such as material and manpower loading the structure duringconstruction. Structural engineers mainly fight against the forces of nature like

winds, earthquakes and tsunamis. In recent years, however, reinforcing structuresagainst sabotage has taken on increased importance.

The education of structural engineers is usually through a civil or architecturalengineering degree with structural emphasis or through a structural engineeringdegree. The fundamental core subjects for structural engineering are strength ofmaterials or solid mechanics, statics, dynamics, material science, numericalanalysis and conceptual structural design. Reinforced concrete, composite


20/22

structure, timber, masonry and structural steel designs are the general structuraldesign courses that will be introduce in the next level of the education of structuralengineering. The structural analysis courses which include structural mechanics,structural dynamics and structural failure analyses are designed to build up thefundamental analysis skills and theories for structural engineering students. At the

senior year level or higher, prestressed concrete design, space frame design forbuilding and aircraft, bridge engineering, civil and aerospace structurerehabilitation and other advanced structural engineering specializations are usuallyintroduced.

Recently in the United States, there have been discussions in the structuralengineering community about the competency of structural engineeringgraduates. Some have called for a master's degree to be the minimum standardfor professional licensing. There is also growing support to establish a structuralengineering undergraduate degree; some existed in the past, and one still exists atthe University of California-San Diego. Many students who later become structural

engineers major in civil, mechanical, or aerospace engineering degree programs,which typically do not emphasize structural engineering. Architectural engineeringprograms do offer structural emphases, and are often in combined academicdepartments with civil engineering.


21/22

POROTHERM 30 STh

POROTHERM 30STh se foloseste pentru pereti structurali exteriori siinteriori. Configuratia blocului ceramic imbunatateste mecanismul decedare sub actiunea solicitarii de tip seismic. Rezistenta la forfecare inrostul vertical de mortar este sporita cu cca.30% fata de produsele tiplocas de mortar. Performanta termica superioara.

Caracteristici tehnice

Dimensiuni (lxbxh -mm) 250x300x238

Masa (M- kg) cca. 15Rezistenta la compresiune ( -N/mm2)*

10

Conductivitatea termica echivalenta(ech - W/mK)

0,141

Rezistenta la transfer termic (R -m2K/W) 2,128

Densitate aparenta (kg/m3) 800ndice de reductie sonora (dB) 50

Comportament la ardere A1Livrare (bucati/ palet infoliat) 80
http://www.wienerberger.ro/servlet/Satellite?pagename=Wienerberger/SR_Product/ProductStandard05&cid=1139915670172&sl=wb_ro_home_ro&tab=1http://www.wienerberger.ro/servlet/Satellite?pagename=Wienerberger/Page/CallGallery05&sl=wb_ro_home_ro&pn=1&cid=1139915670172&c=SR_Product&img=MAINhttp://www.wienerberger.ro/servlet/Satellite?pagename=Wienerberger/Page/CallGallery05&sl=wb_ro_home_ro&pn=1&cid=1139915670172&c=SR_Product&img=MAINhttp://www.wienerberger.ro/servlet/Satellite?pagename=Wienerberger/SR_Product/ProductStandard05&cid=1139915670172&sl=wb_ro_home_ro&tab=1


22/22

Necesar de caramizi/m2 de zidarie 16Necesar de caramizi/m3 de zidarie 54

* Valoare minim garantata, conform SR EN 771-1:2003

References1. LEGEA Nr. 90 din 12 iulie 1996, a Proteciei Muncii

2. Brickstone

3. www.palasiasi.ro

Notebook Practice for Construction

Documents

Transcript of Notebook Practice for Construction