Nostrils

Esophagus

Cartilage Ring

Lobes of lung

Pleural Cavity

Heart/Mediastinum

Diaphragm

Name Description and/or Function

Nasal Cavity Moisten, warm, clean air

Nostrils Entry for air

Epiglottis Flap covering glottis that closes glottis during swallowing

Larynx Voice box/Adam’s apple – holds vocal chords

Trachea Cartilaginous tube/air pipe

Lung Contains air sacs that are the site of gas exchange

Pleural Cavity Space between inner and outer pleura (membrane covering lung)

Heart (Mediastinum)Pumps blood (with O2 and CO2) throughout body (where heart is

located)

DiaphragmMuscle wall between thoracic and

abdominal cavities – changes chest pressure for breathing

Bronchioles Small branches of bronchi – delivers O2 to alveoli

Bronchus (Bronchi pl) Lower branch of trachea – delivers O2 to bronchioles

Cartilage Ring (in Trachea) Holds trachea in place – prevents collapsing of tube/airway

Esophagus Passageway for food from mouth to stomach

Pharynx Passageway for food and air

Alveolus (Alveoli pl) Actual site of gas exchange

Capillary Network Cover alveoli – blood supply for gas exchange

Happen when a spasm contracts the diaphragm› This separates the

chest (thoracic) cavity with abdominal cavity

This causes an intake of breath, suddenly stopped by the closure of the glottis› Causes the hiccup

sound

A very full stomach can cause bouts of hiccups that go away on their own

A full stomach can be caused by:› Eating too much food too quickly› Drinking too much alcohol› Swallowing too much air› Smoking› A sudden change in stomach temperature› Emotional stress or excitement

INHALATION EXHALATIONIntercostal muscles

between ribs contractIntercostal muscles between ribs relax

Rib cage moves up and out

Rib cage moves in and down

Diaphragm contracts and moves down

Diaphragm relaxes and moves up

Chest volume increases Chest volume decreasesPressure decreases Pressure increases

Air moves in Air moves out