QuestionsMediastinum

The superior mediastinum:1

is bounded inferiorly by the diaphragm2

contains the left recurrent laryngeal nerve3

is bounded anteriorly by the mesosternum (body of the sternum)4

is situated anterior to the upper four thoracic vertebrae5

contains the vena azygos

The superior mediastinum:1

is bounded inferiorly by the diaphragmF

2

contains the left recurrent laryngeal nerveT

3

is bounded anteriorly by the mesosternum (body of the sternum)F

4

is situated anterior to the upper four thoracic vertebraeT

5

contains the vena azygos F

The superior mediastinum contains the following:1

the vagus nerve 2

the phrenic nerve3

the coronary arteries4

the thoracic duct5

the lung roots

The superior mediastinum contains the following:1

the vagus nerve T

2

the phrenic nerveT

3

the coronary arteriesF

4

the thoracic ductT

5

the lung rootsF

At mediastinoscopy:1 the aortic arch is seen to reach the level of the jugular notch

2 the left recurrent laryngeal nerve is seen ascending lateral to the aortic arch

3 the left brachiocephalic vein is seen to cross posterior to the left common carotid artery

4 the left pulmonary artery is seen to lie above the left main bronchus

5 the right phrenic nerve lies medial to the superior vena cava

At mediastinoscopy:1 the aortic arch is seen to reach the level of the jugular notch F

2 the left recurrent laryngeal nerve is seen ascending lateral to the aortic arch

F

3 the left brachiocephalic vein is seen to cross posterior to the left common carotid artery

F

4 the left pulmonary artery is seen to lie above the left main bronchus

T

5 the right phrenic nerve lies medial to the superior vena cava F

The left Brachiocephalic vein:1 is formed by the confluence of the internal and external jugular

veins2 is a content of the superior mediastinum

3 receives the inferior thyroid veins

4 receives the accessory hemiazygos vein

5 receives thymic veins

The left Brachiocephalic vein:1 is formed by the confluence of the internal and external jugular

veinsF

2 is a content of the superior mediastinum T

3 receives the inferior thyroid veins T

4 receives the accessory hemiazygos vein F

5 receives thymic veins T

The following are contents of the posterior mediastinum1

thoracic duct2

thymic remnants3

phrenic nerves4

vagus nerves5

splanchnic nerves

The following are contents of the posterior mediastinum1

thoracic ductT

2

thymic remnantsF

3

phrenic nervesF

4

vagus nervesT

5

splanchnic nervesT

The Oesophagus:1 is lined with stratified squamous epithelium

2 derives its blood supply directly from the aorta

3 crosses the diaphragm at the level of the 7th thoracic vertebra

4 is narrowest at the gastro-oesophageal junction

5 has a venous drainage, in part, to the portal venous system

The Oesophagus:1 is lined with stratified squamous epithelium T

2 derives its blood supply directly from the aorta T

3 crosses the diaphragm at the level of the 7th thoracic vertebra F

4 is narrowest at the gastro-oesophageal junction F

5 has a venous drainage, in part, to the portal venous system T

The thoracic duct:1 is an upward continuation of the cisterna chyli

2 enters the thoracic cavity through the vena caval hiatus

3 is posterior to the oesophagus at the level of the 5th thoracic vertebra

4 has the descending thoracic aorta to its left side

5 drains into the left brachiocephalic vein

The thoracic duct:1 is an upward continuation of the cisterna chyli T

2 enters the thoracic cavity through the vena caval hiatus F

3 is posterior to the oesophagus at the level of the 5th thoracic vertebra

T

4 has the descending thoracic aorta to its left side T

5 drains into the left brachiocephalic vein T

The following structures are prominent in the anterior mediastinum of an adult:1 sterno-pericardial ligaments

2 loose areolar tissue

3 the internal thoracic (mammary) arteries

4 thymus

5 phrenic nerves

The following structures are prominent in the anterior mediastinum of an adult:1 sterno-pericardial ligaments T

2 loose areolar tissue T

3 the internal thoracic (mammary) arteries F

4 thymus F

5 phrenic nerves F

The Oesophagus in the superior mediastinum is in contact with the following structures:1 arch of the aorta

2 trachea

3 left main bronchus

4 left brachiocephalic vein

5 thymus

The Oesophagus in the superior mediastinum is in contact with the following structures:1 arch of the aorta T

2 trachea T

3 left main bronchus F

4 left brachiocephalic vein F

5 thymus F

The greater splanchnic nerves:1 arise from the 5th to 9th ganglia of the thoracic sympathetic chain

2 carry visceral sensory fibres from abdominal viscera

3 carry visceral sensory fibres from pelvic viscera

4 pierce the diaphragmatic crura to enter the abdomen

5 are composed of presynaptic fibres

The greater splanchnic nerves:1 arise from the 5th to 9th ganglia of the thoracic sympathetic chain T

2 carry visceral sensory fibres from abdominal viscera T

3 carry visceral sensory fibres from pelvic viscera F

4 pierce the diaphragmatic crura to enter the abdomen T

5 are composed of presynaptic fibres T