Non-residential suburbanisation in the Czech Republic

(Prague and Brno)

Luděk Sýkora & Martin Ouředníček

Charles University in Prague, Czechia

SELMA meeting, Madrid, June 27-29, 2003

Case study: Czech Republic (Prague, Brno)

1) The context2) Case study cities3) Method

– Territorial division of urban area– Data used (population, employment, land use)

4) Population deconcentration 1991-20015) Employment deconcentration 1991-20016) Land use change 1991-20017) Conclusion

The context: suburbanisation in Czech metropolitan areas

Suburbanisation is a very recent phenomena: it developed in last 5 years

Until mid 1990s there was only marginal residential suburbanisation (limited purchasing power of population)

Since 1997: radical development of commercial suburbanisation (shopping centres and retail parks, warehousing and logistic zones)

Since the end of 1990s: dynamic development of residential suburbanisation (growth in wealth and introduction of mortgages)

Residential suburbanisation

Individual homebuilders as well as whole districts made by one developer

High share of inhabitants with high incomes

State supported mortgages Changing socio-spatial pattern in

metropolitan area Social polarisation in suburban

localities

retail, warehousing and distribution, (industry)

demand from international firms expanding on Czech markets

logistic and retail parks close to highways (and Metro)

Commercial suburbanisation

Suburbanisation of retail

Radical growth since 1997 First suburban shopping in Prague opened in 1996 (IKEA in

Zličín) and four main concentrations developed since that time Massive explosion of retail in Brno Radical transformation in spatial pattern of shopping

– 1989: half of retail turnover in city centre– 1998: hypermarket as first shopping place for 4% of Czechs– 2000: hypermarket as first shopping place for 20% of Czechs and

25% of Prague inhabitants

An example of consequences:Increase in car transportation 1996-2001

Prague - suburban zone 164000 -> 267000, 1.6 % Prague - outer areas 83000 -> 86000, 1.0 % Transit 16000 -> 25000, 1.6 % Total 263000 -> 378000, 1.4 %

70 % of all journeys is commuting between Prague and suburbs Suburban commuting accounted for 90 % of growth between

1996-2001

Management of suburban growth

Its regulation requires regional planning and policy tools. Czech planning system has physical plans for regions and

strategies of regional development: neither of them includes the issue of sprawl.

However, the major planning authority is at the municipal level Fragmented local government in metropolitan areas Two regional governments in the case of Prague´s metropolitan

region Central government support to FDI was in 1998-2000

exclusively allocated to greenfield investments.

Case study cities in the Czech Republic

Method: territorial division of metropolitan area

City centreInner cityFirst suburban zone - inside city boundariesSecond suburban zone - outside city boundaries

Territorial units in Prague Metropolitan Area

*Prague - city parts

District Area (km2) Municipalities Cadastral territories

Basic settlement units

Prague 496 1 (57)* 112 901

Prague-East 584 91 137 233

Prague-West 586 80 112 175

Total PMA 1666 172 (228) 361 1309

Demographic characteristics (Census 1.3.2001)  

District Population 

Density of population

Share of children0-14

Share of people60+

Share of university educated

Share of houses constructed 1991-2001

Prague 1 169 106 2357 13,4 % 20,7 % 18,8 % 10,9 %

Prague-East

96 061 164 15,7 % 18,6 % 9,5 % 14,6 %

Prague-West

83 089 142 16,3 % 18,2 % 11,1 % 18,0 %

Total PMA

1 350 257 810 13,7 % 20,4 % 17,7 % 12,8 %

Population deconcentration 1991-2001

Data from annual statistics for population growth and migration and censuses 1991, 2001 for structures of population (preliminary results)

PMA - Natural decrease of population of each zone Centre and inner city: natural and migration

decrease 1st suburban ring: from slow migration increase to

stagnation 2nd suburban ring: from slow migration increase to

rapid suburbanisation process

Population change in Prague’s metropolitan region (1991-2001)

Změna 2001/1991 85 - 99 % 100 - 109 % 110 - 129 % 130 - 159 % 160 - 235 %

 Gross rates (per mille)  1991* 1996 2000

code zoneNaturalincrease

Migration

increaseTotalincrease

Naturalincrease

Migration

increaseTotalincrease

Naturalincrease

Migration

increaseTotalincrease

a center -4,95 -2,66 -7,61 -10,54 -8,90 -19,44 -8,34 -10,27 -18,62

b inner city -0,97 5,98 5,01 -3,79 -0,28 -4,07 -2,82 -2,46 -5,28

c 1st suburban -2,23 2,44 0,21 -5,18 2,17 -3,01 -3,58 0,02 -3,57

d 2nd suburban -2,69 0,39 -2,31 -4,39 5,54 1,15 -2,35 20,42 18,06

a+b+c City of Prague -1,72 3,96 2,23 -4,68 0,64 -4,04 -3,35 -1,48 -4,84

a+b+c+d PMA -1,84 3,52 1,68 -4,64 1,24 -3,41 -3,23 1,32 -1,90

d1 Prague-East -1,84 -0,45 -2,29 -4,28 3,07 -1,20 -3,31 15,44 12,13

d2 Prague-West -3,75 1,43 -2,32 -4,53 8,56 4,03 -1,24 26,26 25,03

* For zones a, b, c only period 3.3.-31.12.1991

Components of population growth

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

pe

r m

ille

centerinner city1st suburban2nd suburbanCity of PraguePMAPrague-EastPrague-West

Net migration 1991-2000

Employment deconcentration 1991-2001

Decline in employment until mid 1990s due to transformation

Employment growth in suburban zone from mid 1990s

Growth namely in retail and wholesale (5 times in Prague-east and 20 times in Prague East) and storage, transport and communication

Average number of employees in the civil sector: NUTS 3 a NUTS 4

(actual persons)Region/district 1991 1993 1996 1999 2001

Czech Republic 4 016 313 3 424 566 3 029 675 3 200 265 3 121 673Capital Prague 569 400 414 518 418 133 473 639 467 811Central Bohemia 384 337 324 242 273 913 300 494 299 601Prague-East 25 670 22 012 18 407 23 443 24 167Prague-West 15 877 13 128 10 921 15 642 15 543

Unemployment rate: 31 December

district 1991 1996 2001Capital Prague 1,16 0,43 3,39Prague-East 1,63 0,54 2,92Prague-West 4,24 0,59 2,51

Employment and unemployment1991-2001

Prague total A-B C-E F G H I J K L M N O1993 414518 1993 91695 36020 26341 6748 53513 19903 41871 26534 45370 35067 294631996 418133 591 67577 35477 25555 10973 53962 31330 51697 34363 44730 32202 296761999 473639 875 68363 31173 63745 15827 54021 32275 66571 33848 45228 31852 298612001 467811 1448 63368 27029 60001 16187 57041 32375 68299 37058 43731 32424 28850Prague-East1996 18407 979 6365 1966 1096 53 1124 212 1570 1238 2035 1023 7461999 23443 915 9001 1067 3974 269 1626 172 1774 1073 2073 901 5982001 24167 915 8462 845 5101 245 2007 155 1862 1035 2037 1025 478Prague-West1996 10921 690 3745 1053 98 25 1265 82 860 900 1411 465 3271999 15642 687 5275 944 2985 291 1639 49 1419 816 646 501 3902001 15543 575 5186 1155 2037 206 2062 72 1095 832 1374 567 382

Structure of registered employment 1993-2001

Economic structure

NACE – CZ

A-B AGRICULTURE, HUNTING AND FORESTRY;FISHINGC-E TOTAL INDUSTRYF CONSTRUCTIONG WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE; REPAIR OF MOTOR VEHICLES, MOTORCYCLES AND PERSONAL AND HOUSEHOLD GOODSH HOTELS AND RESTAURANTSI TRANSPORT, STORAGE AND COMMUNICATIONSJ FINANCIAL INTERMEDIATIONK REAL ESTATE, RENTING AND BUSINESS ACTIVITIESL PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND DEFENCE; COMPULSORY SOCIAL SECURITYM EDUCATIONN HEALTH AND SOCIAL WORKO OTHER COMMUN.,SOCIAL AND PERS.SERVICE ACTIVITIES

Land use change 1991-2001

Retail Warehousing, distribution, logictics Industry Office

Share of build-up on total land-use

Out-of-centre and suburban shopping

Out-of-centre and suburban offices