Types of resources.Problems of Non-renewable energy & methods to reduce pollution and conserve resources.

Learning Objectives

To understand what a resource is.To understand the difference between

non-renewable and renewable resources.

To understand the advantages/disadvantages of using non-renewable energy.

To understand how we can conserve resources/reduce pollution.

1) Write your own definition of what a ‘resource’ is.

2) Make a list of as many resources as you can.

3) Write down as many issues as you can surrounding resources.

A resource is anything we can use to help us live and work

Oil, coal, gas, trees, soil, wind, waves, sun, people, the countryside, water, rocks etc

Conflict over ownership, depletion, pollution

2) P2F 2006 What is a resource

A) Things that humans can use.B) Fuel supplies already discovered

that can be used in the future.C) Recovery of waste products to

convert into materials that can be used again.

WHY HAS RESOURCE USE INCREASED?

Try to think of as many reasons why resource use has increased as possible. Make a list in the back of your book.

Population Increase

Increase in Technology

Increase in purchasing power in LEDCs

Increase in disposable income.

Describe the pattern of fuel use shown on the map above. Give reasons for the pattern seen.

Wealth (1990)

Fuel Use (2002)

8) 1998 P4 &P5 explain why there is likely to be a big increase in the use of energy by the year 2010

A) Because there will be more people in the world so they will need more energy.

B) There is likely to be a big increase in the use of energy by the year 2010 because the worlds’ population will have increased meaning that there will be higher energy requirements. More people will have things like fridges and have to cook food or keep warm, which means more energy used. Also, as countries develop they use more energy because they are able to afford labour saving devices, tools and gadgets which we take for granted in the developed world, like TVs, computers, cars etc. Energy is required not only in running these devices but also in their manufacture.

C) There will be a big energy increase by 2010 because statistics show that energy use has always increased over time and because there will be more people, they will use more energy than if there were less people. Also, China and India are using up lots of energy

10) P4F & P5H 2002 Why might energy use increase as a country develops

A) As countries become more developed there is a greater demand for energy because people get more materialistic and buy more products which use energy both in their manufacture as well as in their use. For example, people will buy labour saving devices like cars and dishwashers. These both use up energy when they are made and every time they are used. Also, as countries develop their industries develop and industry is a large consumer of energy.

B) As countries get richer they use more energy because everybody gets cars and electrical goods. These both use lots of oil and electricity, so this is why energy use will increase.

C) Energy use might increase as a country gets more developed because when a country gets richer its population increases dramatically. This rise in population means that more coal and gas is needed to heat their homes. They will also need lots more petrol and diesel to fuel all the extra cars and lorries that will be on the road.

Can you write down a definitions for the following key words:

Natural resource

Renewable resource

Non-renewable resource

Energy

Fuel

3) P2F 2005 What is meant by the term non-renewable

A) Resources which can be used again and again, like water and wind.

B) Fossil fuels like coal, oil and gas, which are finite, and will eventually run out are examples. Once they have been used they can’t be used again.

C) Fossil fuels made from trees and plants.

Look at the following resources – decided if you think they are renewable or non-renewable.

Solar EnergyFossil FuelsAnimalsWind PowerMineralsWave EnergyWaterSoilPlantsFish Stocks

5) P4F 2001 Which of the following are non-renewable

A) Biomass.B) Hydro electric power (HEP)C) Natural gas.

Advantages of Natural Resources

Renewable Non renewable

•Cheap to operate - Very cheap•Clean - Efficient•Do not damage the- Can produce a lot of environment energy in a short time

Disadvantages of Natural Resources

Renewable Non renewable

•Expensive to build - They will run out•Can be noisy - Very ‘dirty’•Generally - Harmful to theunattractive environment•Does not produce - ‘lots’ of energy

Do you know your energy sources?

Odd-one-out: Energy Copy the first line, circle the odd-one-out, and say why it is the odd-one-out.Write a word that could replace the odd-one-out. Copy the next line, and so on…. 1. Water. Wind. Coal.

2. Oil. Gas. Sun.

3. Electricity. Oil. Coal.

4. HEP. River. Nuclear.

5. River. Reservoir. Ocean.

6. Farm. Village. Mountain.

17%

9%

1%

32%

41%coal

nuclear

HEP and otherrenewablesoil

natural gas

Energy sources – Britain (2002)Look at the pie chart below. Describe the patterns that you can see.

Can you give reasons for the patterns?

Non-renewable energy resources

Non-renewable types of energy can only be used once. There is a finite amount of these materials on the Earth so they will run out eventually.Non-renewable resources make up approximately 95% of the world’s energy.

fossil fuels

nuclearcoal

gasoil

fuelwood

Non-renewable energy

biomass

mineral

1950

2000

2050

2100

2150

2200

NaturalGas

Oil Coal

ESTIMATEDRESERVES

Fossil fuels – How much is left ?

Why are these only ‘estimated’ reserves ?

Can you write down ten things you know about Fossil Fuels?

Three main types: oil; coal; natural gas Take millions of years to form Cannot be replaced once used: non-renewable Found beneath the ground Can be difficult to get to Burnt to give off heat Burnt in power stations to generate electricity Give off carbon dioxide when burnt Fuelwood is a fossil fuel One day they could run out

Advantages of using fossil fuels

Disadvantages of using fossil fuels.

Acid Rain (due to pollution) Global Warming (due to pollution) Resource depletion & competition

Acid Rain

gas flue desulfurization(water is sprayed down the

chimneys and this turns the gases to sulfuric and nitric acids)

construct taller chimneys

use less energy more efficiently

fluidized bed technology(limestone is burnt with the

coal so that the sulfur remains with the limestone)

burn coal that contains less sulfur

use more nuclear or renewable energy

Which of these schemes would prevent acid rain?

How can acid rain be managed?

Acid Rain

1) Explain how our use of resources is responsible for acid rain .

2) List the effects of acid rain.

3) Why is acid rain an international concern.

Environmental Concerns

COPY Global warming = the warming of the Earth’s atmosphere, probably due to increased emissions of carbon dioxide.

1) Where do carbon dioxide emissions come from?

2) Explain why you think carbon dioxide emissions have increased over the last 50 years.

3) Draw a spider diagram to show how you think global warming will affect the world.

Global Warming

Greenhouse Effect

The Natural Resources Defence Council lists the following 9 consequences of climate change. Use them to complete the diamond 9 activity.

Warmer temperatures

More drought and wildfires

More intense rainstorms

More deadly heat waves

Increased spread of disease

More powerful & dangerous hurricanes

Melting glaciers

Sea level rise

Ecosystem changes and species die-off

Describe the possible effects of global warming

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(6 marks)

Bangladesh is already prone to flooding, so rising water levels could devastate the country.

Rising temperatures worldwide would cause ski resorts to be wrecked as heat will melt the snow & ice there.

Water shortages in the Middle East would cause the River Nile to dry up due to intense evaporation.

Mediterranean beaches will vanish as water levels rise.

Sahara desert could move northwards, even as far as Spain.

Arctic ice cap melts.

Heavy storms not only threaten southern USA, but also the insurance companies in the area face bankruptcy.

Forests are damaged by heat and drought

Permafrost ground will melt, causing massive landslides. Oil pipelines, houses and road foundations will be disintegrated

Below are a list of things that could be done to try to tackle global warming. You must sort them out into three categories:

A) Individual Actions B) National Actions C) Global ActionsSwitch off lights & appliances

Taxes on high polluting industries

Choose energy efficient appliances

Sign up to the Kyoto Protocol

Recycle

Use less fossil fuels and more renewable energy sources

Use energy efficient transport

Car sharing

Improved public transport

Higher taxes on polluting cars

Grants for businesses that have clean policies

Energy efficient light bulbs

Offset carbon emissions

Local Holidays

The Kyoto Protocol

An international conference that took place in 1997 focussing on climate change.

Proposals:

• Compulsory reduction in CO2 emissions by 5% for MEDCs by 2010.

• LEDCs did not have to reduce emissions as they were still developing.

Problems

• US did not ratify the agreement – their emissions have increased by 3% a year since.

• LEDCs are now very industralised – China & India

• The reduction wasn’t big enough to have an effect – environmentalists suggest 60% reduction is necessary.

• Several MEDC even find it hard to meet the 5% target – due to costs – The UK emissions have increased by 5.5% between 1997 and 2005.

14) 1999 P4F What is global warming

A) Global warming is the filling up of the earth’s atmosphere with pollution.

B) Global warming is the increase in the earths overall temperature.

C) Global warming is the hole in the earth’s atmosphere letting more heat in from the sun.

15)P2F Explain why it is important to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide being released

A) It is important to reduce the amount of CO2 because it is one of the greenhouse gases that is responsible for accelerating the natural greenhouse effect which is causing global warming.

B) It is important to reduce the amount of CO2 because it is one of the greenhouse gases that is responsible for causing a hole in the earth’s ozone layer which is causing global warming.

C) It is important to reduce the amount of CO2 because It is responsible for causing acid rain which erodes buildings.

16)P2F 2007 Explain why the control of pollution needs to be agreed by many countries if it is to be successful

A) Pollution is a worldwide problem and can cross the borders of many countries so all countries need to work together to control pollution. An example of this is acid rain which has been caused by coal fired power stations in the UK but effects Sweden and Germany because of wind blown air pollution.

B) Pollution control needs to be agreed by many countries because the more countries controlling pollution the less pollution there is in the world.

C) If more countries agree to control pollution it means that global warming will stop and the ice caps will not melt. This will be good for us because it means that we will not have another ice age like in the film “The Day After Tomorrow”.

How else can we preserve resources and reduce pollution?Resource

SubstitutionThis is where you use one product in place of another one. For example using aluminium instead of tin cans as it is cheaper and easier to recycle.

Recycling Recovery of waste products by converting them into materials that can be used again. For example glass bottles, aluminium cans (only uses 5% of energy it takes to make them from scratch)

Energy Efficiency

Measures to reduce heat and energy loss. Individually this means switching off lights, using low energy light bulbs, insulating our homes. Also government has introduced building regulations and energy efficiency ratings on electrical products, more energy efficient cars – car in Europe is on average 90% cleaner than 10 years ago.

Reducing Pollution

Measures to stop emission reaching atmosphere or cleaning the emissions before they do. For example. fitting giant scrubbers on coal power stations, trying to switch from coal to gas power stations and fitting catalytic converters to cars.

Alternative Energy Sources

Energy sources that can be used instead of fossil fuels. These can include nuclear or renewable sources such as wind or solar.

13) P2F 2006 Name 2 materials that can be recycled

A) Paper and leatherB) Glass and plasticC) Aluminium and coal

12) 1994 P4 Explain how recycling can help reduce damage to the environment

A) Recycling old or waste products can help reduce damage to the environment by conserving the natural resources that are needed to make these products. Also, energy can be saved in recycling goods rather than make new goods from raw materials. An example of this is the recycling of old aluminium cans which only uses 5% of the energy required to make new cans from bauxite, it’s raw material.

B) Recycling means using alternative materials to make products. This saves both energy and natural resources. An example of this is the use of copper to make pipes for plumbing when lead became scarce. We have preserved our lead supplies and copper is also cheaper.

C) Recycling is good for the environment because it means that we are conserving valuable resources for the future. It also means that if we recycle we will use less energy by driving to take all our old products to the bottle and paper banks, than if we just threw these things in the bin and let the council sort the rubbish out for us.

Learning Objectives

To be able to explain other issues surrounding the use of resources.

To practice answering an examination question.

To practice marking an examination question using a mark scheme.

Describe what Figure 14 shows about the claims on Antarctica and its resourcesby different countries. 4 Marks

Explain why there is an increasing demand for resources such as those found inAntarctica. 4 Marks

Deconstructing the Q.

Describe what Figure 14 shows about the claims on Antarctica and its resources by different countries.

4 MarksDescribe what Figure 14 shows

about the claims on Antarctica and its resources by different countries.

4 Marks

9) P2H & P2F 2005 Explain why there is an increasing demand for resources such as those found in Antarctica

A) Because Antarctica has lots of supplies of oil, coal and gas which other countries need.

B) There is an increased demand for the fossil fuels which Antarctica is believed to be rich in because the world’s known reserves of these resources are finite and will eventually run out. Society has come to be reliant on these resources to help meet their energy needs. Also, there is a huge demand for fish which could help to feed the growing populations of some countries.

C) Countries will eventually run out of some resources which are unsustainable, like fossil fuels. They can get these from Antarctica instead.