No Slide Title · •urobilinogen –ehrlich’s benzaldehyde test –reagent strip back. chemical...
Transcript of No Slide Title · •urobilinogen –ehrlich’s benzaldehyde test –reagent strip back. chemical...
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จุฬาลงกรณมหาวิทยาลัย
เสนอ
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การตรวจปสสาวะการตรวจปสสาวะURINALYSISURINALYSIS
โดยโดย
ผศผศ..บุญศรีบุญศรี ซอนเจริญซอนเจริญภาควิชาจุลทรรศนศาสตรคลินิกภาควิชาจุลทรรศนศาสตรคลินิก
คณะสหคณะสหเวชศาสตรเวชศาสตร
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BACK
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ไตมีหนาที่สําคัญคือไตมีหนาที่สําคัญคือเปนทางเดินอาหารเปนทางเดินอาหาร
รักษาความรักษาความสมดุลยสมดุลยของของน้ําน้ํา,,กรดกรด ,,ดางดาง
สรางฮอรโมนสรางฮอรโมนกําจัดขอกําจัดของงเสียเสีย
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BACK
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FORMATION OF URINEFORMATION OF URINE
&& PLASMA FILTRATEPLASMA FILTRATE
&& REABSOPTIONREABSOPTION
&& FORMING URINEFORMING URINEBACK
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COMPOSITION OF URINECOMPOSITION OF URINE
1.1. WATERWATER2.2. COMPOUNDCOMPOUND
–– ORGANIC COMPOUNDORGANIC COMPOUND:: ureaurea,, creatinecreatine ,,creatininecreatinine ,, ammonia ammonia ,, uric aciduric acid,, amino acid amino acid ,,pigment pigment ,, vitamins vitamins ,,hormones hormones ,,enzymesenzymes
–– INORGANIC COMPOUND INORGANIC COMPOUND :: sulfate sulfate ,,phosphate phosphate ,, calcium calcium ,,sodium sodium ,, chloride chloride ,,potassium potassium ,, magnesium etcmagnesium etc..
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COLLECTION OF URINECOLLECTION OF URINE
__ FIRST MORNING URINEFIRST MORNING URINE
__ RANDOM URINE SPECIMENRANDOM URINE SPECIMEN
__ FRACTIONAL COLLECTIONFRACTIONAL COLLECTION
__ TIMED COLLECTIONTIMED COLLECTION
1.1. 2424 hrhr.. specimenspecimen2.2. day specimenday specimen3.3. night specimennight specimen4.4. afternoon specimenafternoon specimen5.5. 22 hrhr.. postprandrialpostprandrial
specimenspecimen
__ CATHETERIZED SPECIMENCATHETERIZED SPECIMEN
__ SUPRAPUBLIC ASPIRATIONSUPRAPUBLIC ASPIRATION
__ PEDIATRIC COLLECTIONPEDIATRIC COLLECTION
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PRESERVATION OF URINEPRESERVATION OF URINE
STORING CONTAINERSTORING CONTAINERTRANSPORTTRANSPORTPRESERVATIVE AGENTSPRESERVATIVE AGENTS
1. refrigeration2. frezzing
3. chemical reagents
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PHYSICAL EXAMINATIONPHYSICAL EXAMINATION
•• COLOURCOLOUR•• CLEARITYCLEARITY•• ODORODOR•• VOLUMNVOLUMN•• SPECIFIC SPECIFIC
GRAVITYGRAVITY–– URINOMETERURINOMETER–– REFRACTOMETERREFRACTOMETER–– REAGENT STRIPREAGENT STRIP
•• OSMOLALITYOSMOLALITY BACK
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CHEMICAL EXAMINATION
•• pHpHLITMUSLITMUS
REAGENT STRIPREAGENT STRIP
pH METERpH METER
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CHEMICAL EXAMINATION• PROTIEN
– SSA TEST
– ROBERT’S TEST
– REAGENT STRIP
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CHEMICAL EXAMINATION
•• GLUCOSEGLUCOSE–– BENEDICTBENEDICT’’S TESTS TEST
–– CLINITESTCLINITEST
–– REAGENT STRIPREAGENT STRIP
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CHEMICAL EXAMINATION
• KETONE– ROTERA TEST
– ACETEST
– REAGENT STRIP
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CHEMICAL EXAMINATION• BILIRUBIN
– FOUCHET’S TEST
– ICTOTEST
– REAGENT STRIP
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CHEMICAL EXAMINATION
•UROBILINOGEN–EHRLICH’S BENZALDEHYDE TEST
–REAGENT STRIP
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CHEMICAL EXAMINATION• BLOOD
– ORTHOTOLIDINE TEST
– REAGENT STRIP
• LEUKOCYTE ESTERASE
• NITRITEBACK
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CHEMICAL EXAMINATION
• OTHERS–MYOGLOBIN
–PHENYL PIRUVIC ACID TEST
–PORPHYRIN TEST
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MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATIONMICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION•• STANDARDIZATION OF STANDARDIZATION OF
SEDIMENT SEDIMENT PREPARATIONPREPARATION–– SPECIMEN VOLUMNSPECIMEN VOLUMN–– CENTRIFUGATIONCENTRIFUGATION–– SEDIMENT SEDIMENT
CONCENTRATIONCONCENTRATION–– VOLUMN OF SEDIMENTVOLUMN OF SEDIMENT
•• ENHANCING URINE ENHANCING URINE SEDIMENTSEDIMENT–– STAININGSTAINING–– MICROSCOPE MICROSCOPE :: PHASE PHASE
CONTRAST CONTRAST ,,POLARIZINGPOLARIZING
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FORMED ELEMENT IN URINE SEDIMENTFORMED ELEMENT IN URINE SEDIMENT
•• RBCRBC•• WBCWBC•• EPITHELIAL CELLEPITHELIAL CELL
–– SQUAMOUS CELLSQUAMOUS CELL–– TRANSITIONAL CELLTRANSITIONAL CELL–– RENAL TUBULAR CELLRENAL TUBULAR CELL–– OVALFAT BODYOVALFAT BODY
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Squamous epithelial cell
Transitional cell RTE cell BACK
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Ovalfat bodies
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FORMED ELEMENT IN URINE SEDIMENTFORMED ELEMENT IN URINE SEDIMENT
•• CASTCAST–– FORMATIONFORMATION–– CLASSIFICATIONCLASSIFICATION
•• HYALINE CASTHYALINE CAST•• CELLULAR CASTCELLULAR CAST•• WAXY CASTWAXY CAST•• BROAD CASTBROAD CAST
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hyaline cast RBCcast
WBCcastHemecast BACK
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Fine granular cast Coarse granular cast
RTE castCoarse granular castBACK
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Broad granular cast
Waxy cast BACK
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FORMED ELEMENT IN URINE FORMED ELEMENT IN URINE SEDIMENTSEDIMENT
•• CRYSTALCRYSTAL–– FORMATIONFORMATION–– CLASSIFICATIONCLASSIFICATION
•• ACID ACID ,, NEUTRAL NEUTRAL ,, BASEBASE•• PATHOGENIC PATHOGENIC ,,NONPATHOGENICNONPATHOGENIC
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uric acid crystals
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Calciumoxalate crytals
Triplephosphate crystals BACK
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Cystine crystals Sulfanamind
Sulfanamind crystals BACK
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FORMED ELEMENT IN URINE SEDIMENTFORMED ELEMENT IN URINE SEDIMENT
•• MICROGANISMMICROGANISM–– BACTERIABACTERIA–– YEAST AND FUNGIYEAST AND FUNGI–– PARASITEPARASITE
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FORMED ELEMENT IN URINE FORMED ELEMENT IN URINE SEDIMENTSEDIMENT
•• MISCELLANOUSMISCELLANOUS–– MUCOUS THREADMUCOUS THREAD–– SPERMATZOASPERMATZOA–– FAT DROPLETFAT DROPLET–– FIBERFIBER–– STARC ETCSTARC ETC..
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การรายงานผลการรายงานผล
•• รายงานเปนจํานวนเฉลี่ยตอรายงานเปนจํานวนเฉลี่ยตอ LPF LPF หรือหรือ HPF HPF
•• รายงานผลเปนเกรดรายงานผลเปนเกรด เชนเชน 1+1+,2+,,2+, 3+3+ ,4+,4+
•• รายงานเปนขอความรายงานเปนขอความ เชนเชน few few,,moderatemoderate,, numerousnumerous
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Quality control in urinalysis
• PREANALYTICALCOMPONENT
• ANALYTICAL COMPONENT
• POSTANALYTICALCOMPONENT
• URINALYSIS CONTROL