Nicotine Retention Following Use of E-Cigarettes

Nicotine Retention Following Use of

E-Cigarettes

Dr. Nicole Tschierske, Dr. Grant O’Connell

Tobacco Campus Wiesbaden, 8 February 2016

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Please note that the views and arguments presented in this paper have been designed to

encourage and stimulate debate and do not necessarily reflect Fontem Ventures' position

About Fontem Ventures B.V.

Innovative consumer goods company, developing

leading e-cigarette brands such as blu and JAI, as

well as a lifestyle energy brand Reon

Headquartered in Amsterdam, our more than 200

employees are active in the USA, UK, France and

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Fontem Ventures believes that changing consumer

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companies who can meet evolving needs. Fontem

is dedicated to developing and growing a portfolio

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demands, today and tomorrow.

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Nicotine Retention and Potential Impact on

Indoor Air Quality

Why measuring nicotine

retention?

• Confirm nicotine transfer

from the aerosol into the

body

• Implications for

bystanders exposed to

2nd hand vapour

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aerosol

compounds[inhaled]

compounds[released]

nicotine

uptake

so-called 2nd

hand vaping

Retention [%] =[inhaled] − [exhaled]

[inhaled]× 100 %



Proton Transfer Reaction Mass Spectrometry

(PTR-MS)

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Time-of-flight PTR-MS with custom-made interface for

A: mainstream e-cig aerosol analysis

B: exhaled breath following mouth-hold of e-cig aerosol

C: exhaled breath following inhalation of e-cig aerosol

A

B, C



Application of PTR-MS in e-cig aerosol research

5

0 100 200 300 400 5000

20

40

60

Co

nce

ntr

atio

n (

pp

bv)

Ion yield (ncps)

Nicotiney = 0.1076 x + 0.4748

R2 = 0.9998

Calibration plots nicotine including the

corresponding calibration functions, which have

been derived from linear fits of the data points

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

5x100

6x100

7x100

8x100

c)

b)

Time (s)

Nicotinea)

4x103

6x103

8x103

Co

nce

ntr

atio

n (

pp

bv)

1x104

2x104

3x104

Concentrations (ppbv) of nicotine measured a) in the

mainstream aerosol, b) exhaled after aerosol mouth-hold and c)

exhaled after aerosol inhalation. Note the different orders of

magnitude for the concentration axes

Breiev et al., in press



Nicotine retention studies with PuritaneTM and JaiTM

6

• Puritane Cartomiser

• Ad libitum puffs1

• Jai Cartomiser and Clearomiser

• Defined puffs2








• Defined puffs2




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1 - Nicotine retention following use of Puritane™ e-cig

Methodology

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O’Connell G, Colard S, Breiev K, Sulzer P, Biel SS, et al. (2015) An Experimental Method to Determine the Concentration of Nicotine

in Exhaled Breath and its Retention Rate Following Use of an Electronic Cigarette. J Environ Anal Chem 2: 161

Method: time-of-flight PTR-MS

Subjects: 3 experienced e-cig users (male, age 27-34)

Device: 8 mg/g, 16 mg/g and 20 mg/g nicotine ‘original’ flavoured

Puritane™ rechargeable e-cigarettes (cartomiser ‘closed’

system; PG:VG ≈ 70:30)

Vaping: ad libitum,

A: mouth-hold,

B: inhalation (5 reps. each), puff topography recorded via

SPA-M device

Nicotine calibration: liquid calibration in combination with smoking machine

operated e-cig aerosol trapped on to Cambridge filter pads

and subsequent GC-FID analysis of extracted filter solution (5

replicates)



1 - Nicotine retention following use of Puritane™ e-cig

Results

nicotine concentration

(ppbv)

nicotine

retention

rate

(%)inhaled exhaled

8 mg/g 6317 1514 77

16 mg/g 13703 1514 89

20 mg/g 20668 1786 92

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Mean concentration of nicotine delivered and exhaled and nicotine retained for “mouth-hold” and “inhalation” across different users at different nicotine levels

O’Connell G, Colard S, Breiev K, Sulzer P, Biel SS, et al. (2015) An Experimental Method to Determine the Concentration of Nicotine

in Exhaled Breath and its Retention Rate Following Use of an Electronic Cigarette. J Environ Anal Chem 2: 161


(ppbv)

nicotine

retention

rate

(%)inhaled exhaled

8 mg/g 6671 1.76 >99

16 mg/g 11468 2.31 >99

20 mg/g 18485 1.76 >99

“mouth-hold” “inhalation”






• Defined puffs2




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2 - Nicotine retention following use of JAI™ e-cig

Methodology

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Device: JAI™ cartomiser “closed” system and JAI™ tank “open” system

filled with 10 mg/g nicotine ‘original’ flavoured liquid (PG:VG ≈

70:30)

Vaping: A: mouth-hold,

B: inhalation

(6 reps. each; aerosol delivered in-mouth from smoking

machine operated e-cig; 3s puff duration, 55mL puff volume)

Nicotine calibration: liquid calibration in combination with device calibration via

nicotine in mainstream aerosol from smoking machine

operated e-cig (3s puff duration, 55mL puff volume, 6

replicates)




Results Cartomiser

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0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

JAI™ cartomisermouth-hold condition

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

4.00

4.50

JAI™ cartomiserinhalation condition

Nicotine

concentration (in

ppbv) in exhaled

breath per subject(smoking machine

operated e-cigs)

Error: standard deviation

of n= 6 replicates

concentration of

nicotine delivered in-

mouth of subjects

nicotine retention 98% 75% 94% 92% 100% 100% 100% 100%

4999±251 ppbv 6765±519 ppbv 4999±251 ppbv 6765±519 ppbv




Results Clearomiser

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Nicotine

concentration (in

ppbv) in exhaled

breath per subject(smoking machine

operated e-cigs)

Error: standard deviation

of n= 6 replicates

concentration of

nicotine delivered in-

mouth of subjects

nicotine retention 78% 73% 84% 71% 100% 100% 100% 100%

12172±1344 ppbv 10146±397 ppbv 12172±1344 ppbv 10146±397 ppbv

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

JAI™ clearomisermouth-hold condition

0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

JAI™ clearomiserinhalation condition






• Defined puffs2




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Methodology

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y = 786.05x - 620.75R² = 0.999

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

2.5 3.5 4.5 5.5nic

otin

e c

on

ce

ntr

atio

n

in p

pb

v

puff duration in s



Device: JAI™ cartomiser “closed” system and JAI™ tank “open” system

filled with 10 mg/g nicotine ‘original’ flavoured liquid (PG:VG ≈

70:30)

Vaping: ad libitum with vaping topography being recorded by a SPA-M

device

Calculation of inhaled


via device calibration

using puff duration

recorded with SPA-M device




Results Cartomiser

vaping condition


inhaled in ppbv


exhaled in ppbv

nicotine

retention in %

Subject 1

mouth-hold 8158 (± 1952) 996 (± 299) 87,8 (± 2,26)

inhalation 6108 (± 892) 5,01 (± 0,60) 99,9 (± 0,02)

Subject 2

mouth-hold 4630 (± 573) 312 (± 116) 93,3 (± 2,13)

inhalation 3898 (± 2358) 6,63 (± 0,99) 99,7 (± 0,29)

Subject 3

mouth-hold 1637 (± 265) 753 (± 236) 53,1 (±15,8)

inhalation 1407 (± 380) 5,06 (± 1,06) 99,6 (± 0,12)

Subject 4

mouth-hold 1952 (± 209) 843 (± 106) 56,7 (± 5,16)

inhalation 1906 (± 236) 6,98 (± 1,85) 99,6 (± 0,13)

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Mean concentration of nicotine delivered and exhaled and nicotine retained for “mouth-hold” and “inhalation” for different users; numbers in brackets represent standard deviation of 6 replicates




Results Clearomiser

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Mean concentration of nicotine delivered and exhaled and nicotine retained for “mouth-hold” and “inhalation” for different users; numbers in brackets represent standard deviation of 6 replicates

vaping condition


inhaled in ppbv


exhaled in ppbv

nicotine

retention in %

Subject 1

mouth-hold 4547 (± 716) 218 (± 49,5) 95,2 (± 0,89)

inhalation 5711 (± 1503) 4,26 (± 1,12) 99,9 (± 0,04)

Subject 2

mouth-hold 6794 (± 568) 601 (± 222) 91,2 (± 3,21)

inhalation 4876 (± 901) 4,94 (± 0,32) 99,9 (± 0,02)

Subject 3

mouth-hold 3276 (±168) 177 (± 24) 94,6 (± 0,45)

inhalation 2456 (± 644) 4,90 (± 0,54) 99,8 (± 0,04)

Subject 4

mouth-hold 3770 (± 349) 639 (±63,3) 83,0 (± 1,96)

inhalation 3594 (± 189) 0,84 (± 0,09) 100 (± 0,00)



Summary

- Time-of-flight PTR-MS allows exact quantification of inhaled and exhaled nicotine

concentration following use of e-cigarettes.

- More than 99% of nicotine is retained when aerosol is inhaled; if held in-mouth only,

retention is highly subject dependent and varies between 50-94%.

The negligible quantities of nicotine exhaled have no impact on indoor air quality

when compared to regulatory standards (see: O’Connell et al. 2015 IJERPH)

This is in alignment with Public Health England report 2015: “EC use releases

negligible levels of nicotine into ambient air with no identified health risks to

bystanders”.

- Future work: retention of base liquid components (PG, VG), aroma compounds

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Acknowledgement

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Kos Breiev

Dr. Grant O‘Connell

Dr. Philipp Sulzer

Dr. Kerstin Burseg

Nicotine Retention Following Use of E-Cigarettes

Education

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