Neurophysiology
Transcript of Neurophysiology
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NEUROPHYSIOLOGYNEUROPHYSIOLOGY
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Anion and Cation distributionAnion and Cation distribution
[K+] 155 mEq/l
[K+] 4mEq/l
[Na+] 12 mEq/l
[Na+] 145 mEq/l
Fixed Anions
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Resting Membrane PotentialResting Membrane Potential
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Resting Membrane PotentialResting Membrane Potential
Na/K PumpDifferential permeabilityK DiffusionNa diffusion
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Local potentialLocal potential
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Action PotentialAction Potential
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Action PotentialAction Potential
Depolarization to thresholdVoltage regulated gatesRepolarizationNa/K pumpAll or none
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Nerve ImpulseNerve Impulse
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Saltatory Conduction
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Saltatory ConductionSaltatory Conduction
MyelinSpeedTemperatureSizeEfficiencyNewborns
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SynapsesSynapses
Presynaptic NeuronPostsynaptic Neuron
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Chemical SynapseChemical Synapse
Synaptic cleftSynaptic delay - .5-1 msec
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NeurotransmittersNeurotransmitters
Synaptic vesiclesReceptorsFate ofAcetylcholine
– Acetylcholinesterase
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NeurotransmittersNeurotransmitters
NorephinephrineEpinephrineDopamineCatecholaminesSerotoninAmino acids, hormones
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NeuromodulatorsNeuromodulators
EnkephalinsEndorphins
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Excitatory Postsynaptic Excitatory Postsynaptic PotentialPotential
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EPSPEPSP
Temporal SummationSpatial Summation
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Inhibitory Postsynaptic Inhibitory Postsynaptic PotentialPotential
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IPSPIPSP
Hyperpolarization
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Receptors
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ReceptorsReceptors
Dendrite – Very specific receptorStimulusGraded
– How can we determine the stimulus intensity?
Adaptation – Which sensation does not adapt?
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EffectorsEffectors
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EffectorsEffectors
Neuromuscular junctionEnd-plate potential