neuron & nervous system -fernando- biodeluna
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Neuron &
Nervous System
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Nervous System
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• The central nervous system is comprised of the brain and spinal cord.
• The peripheral nervous system includes all peripheral nerves.
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C.N.S.
• Cerebrum• Cerebellum• Brain stem
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Nerves
• Nerves Collections of neurons that are joined together by connective tissue.
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The Neuron
• The basic functional unit of the nervous system.
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Function:
• Send impulses to and from the Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System and the effectors (muscles/glands)
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• Dendrite Fine hair-like extensions on the end of a neuron.– Function: receive incoming stimuli.
• Cell Body or Soma The control center of the neuron. – Function: Directs impulses from the dendrites to the axon.
• Nucleus Control center of the Soma. – Function: Tells the soma what to do.
• Axon Pathway for the nerve impulse (electrical message) from the soma to the opposite end of the neuron.
• Myelin Sheath An insulating layer around an axon, It is made up of Schwann cells.
• Nodes of Ranvier Gaps between schwann cells. – Function: Saltatory Conduction (Situation where speed of an
impulse is greatly increased by the message ‘jumping’ the gaps in an axon).
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Types of Neurons
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Transmission of signals
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The Synapse
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Neurotransmitters
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Reflex arc
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Which one is a … ?motor
neuroninterneuron
sensory neuron
a) b) C)
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brain
Spinal Cord
Cerebellum
Cerebrum
Medulla Oblongata
Consists of: Brain and Spinal Cord