Network science
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Transcript of Network science
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Network Science:Aplicaciones Biológicas de la Teoría
de GrafosRoberto Pineda Ch.
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Distribución desigual: Pocos nodos con muchos links (muy ricos), muchos nodos con pocos links (muy pobres).
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Al que tiene se le dará más y tendrá en abundancia y al que no tiene se le quitará aún lo que tiene (conexión preferencial)
Efecto Mateo: parábola de los talentos
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El impacto de lo altamente improbable
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Mediocristan is where we must endure the tyranny of the collective, the routine, the obvious and the predicted;
Extremistan is where we are subjected to the tyranny of
the singular, the accidently, the unseen and the unpredicted.
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Christakis demonstrate the “contagious” spread of obesity in a large social network (NEJM 2007).
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• http://www.google.com/trends
• http://ngrams.googlelabs.com/
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Transición de red en estrella a red IE – Adquisición del lenguaje
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Red de mundo pequeño
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Red libre de escala
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Densidad
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¿Cuál es mas Importante?
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¿Cuál es mas Importante?
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Cercanía(Closeness Centrality)
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Cercanía(Closeness Centrality)
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intermediación (betweenness centrality)
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Intermediación (betweenness centrality)
• Las tonalidades que van desde el rojo (valor 0) hasta el azul (valor máximo) indican la intermediación de los nodos en el grafo.
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Centralidad de vector propio Eigenvector centrality
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Aleatoriedad
Grafo Regular Grafo Aleatorio
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ReplDNA_v04.cys
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AlzheimerEM.cys
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Distribución desigual: Pocos nodos con muchos links (muy ricos), muchos nodos con pocos links (muy pobres).
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Al que tiene se le dará más y tendrá en abundancia y al que no tiene se le quitará aún lo que tiene (conexión preferencial)
Efecto Mateo: parábola de los talentos
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El impacto de lo altamente improbable
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Mediocristan is where we must endure the tyranny of the collective, the routine, the obvious and the predicted;
Extremistan is where we are subjected to the tyranny of
the singular, the accidently, the unseen and the unpredicted.
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Cibernética de segundo orden
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Roger Sperry
Humberto Maturana
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El efecto mariposa“¿Provoca el aleteo de una mariposa en Brasil,
un tornado en Texas?”
Pequeñas variaciones en las condiciones iniciales del sistema pueden producir grandes variaciones en el comportamiento del mismo...
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Atractores de Lorenz
● Descubrió desdoblamiento de períodos en la función logística: rx(1-x).
● Atractor de Lorenz: demuestra sensibilidad a las condiciones iniciales
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EQUILIBRIO CAOS
Alejado del EquilibrioAl Borde del Caos
Equilibrio Caos
ESTRUCTURA DISIPATIVA
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El mundo es turbulento, el orden-desorden conviven
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Elementos simples, al entrar en estado crítico, pueden desencadenar procesos que cambian completamente las condiciones del sistema. (Lorenz, Poincaré, Prigogine)
AMPLIFICACIÓN POR FLUCTUACIONES .
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Sistemas Complejos• Son sistemas compuestos por una enorme cantidad de componentes
en interacción (condición acción) capaces de intercambiar entre ellos y con el entorno materia, energía o información y de adaptar sus estados como consecuencia de tales interacciones realizadas en paralelo.
• Dan lugar a comportamientos emergentes (en que el todo es más que la suma de las partes).
• Suelen ser “computacionalmente irreducibles”: obligan a la aproximación constructiva (bottom-up)
• Pueden exhiber estados estacionarios, comportamientos críticos, transiciones de fase, histéresis y metaestabilidades
Principio de Causa-EfectoToda causa tiene su efecto; todo efecto tiene su causa; todo sucede de acuerdo a la ley; la suerte no es más que el nombre que se le da a la ley no reconocida; hay muchos planos de casualidad, pero nada escapa a la Ley (El Kybalion)
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Ejemplos de sistemas complejos
• El comportamiento atmosférico• Los hormigueros y colmenas• La economía y la dinámica de los mercados• Los sistemas ecológicos: evolución de la biodiversidad• La propagación de epidemias, rumores, etc.• La dinámica de cooperación competencia en los
sistemas sociales• Las redes metabólicas y el sistema autoinmune• Internet y la conectividad de todo tipo• Etc.
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