Network Fundamentals: Ch11 - Configuring and Testing your Network
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Transcript of Network Fundamentals: Ch11 - Configuring and Testing your Network
Suez Canal University – Faculty of Computers & Informatics - Cisco Local Academy
Network Fundamentals
CH11: CONFIGURING AND TESTING YOUR NETWORK
Abdelkhalik Elsaid Mosa
http://abdelkhalik.staff.scuegypt.edu.eg/
Suez Canal University – Faculty of Computers & Informatics - Cisco Local Academy
What is a Router?
• Front View
• Rear View
Suez Canal University – Faculty of Computers & Informatics - Cisco Local Academy
What is a Router?
Router is a computer which consists of
H/W S/W
CPU InterfacesMemory IOS Config File
Flash NVRAM RAM ROM LAN WANManagement
Suez Canal University – Faculty of Computers & Informatics - Cisco Local Academy
Router’s Memory
• RAM «volatile»: used to store1. Running version of IOS.2. Running config. File.3. Routing table.4. ARP Cache «is used on routers that have LAN interfaces».5. Packet Buffer.
• ROM «permanent»: used to store1. POST, Basic diagnostic software.2. Bootstrap.3. Scaled down Version of IOS «Rxboot».4. ROMMon.
• Flash «Non volatile»: used to store IOS.• NVRAM: used to store Start Up Configuration.
Suez Canal University – Faculty of Computers & Informatics - Cisco Local Academy
Router Boot-up Process
Suez Canal University – Faculty of Computers & Informatics - Cisco Local Academy
Router’s Interfaces
• Router Interfaces: capable of sending and receiving traffic. 1. LAN 2. WAN• Management Ports: used for administrative access.1. Console2. AUX
Suez Canal University – Faculty of Computers & Informatics - Cisco Local Academy
Cisco IOS - Access Methods
• The most usual methods are:1. Console: Doesn’t require active networking services.2. AUX port: Doesn’t require active networking services.3. Telnet or SSH: Requires active networking services.
Suez Canal University – Faculty of Computers & Informatics - Cisco Local Academy
Console Port
• Examples of console use are: The initial configuration of the network deviceDisaster recovery procedures and troubleshooting where
remote access is not possible.Password recovery procedures.
Suez Canal University – Faculty of Computers & Informatics - Cisco Local Academy
Using HyperTerminal
Suez Canal University – Faculty of Computers & Informatics - Cisco Local Academy
Auxilary Port
Suez Canal University – Faculty of Computers & Informatics - Cisco Local Academy
Cisco IOS Modes
• Cisco IOS is a Modal OS.• In order from top to bottom, the modes are:
1. Setup mode.2. User executive mode “view only mode”3. Privileged executive mode “enable mode”4. Global configuration mode5. Other specific configuration modes
Suez Canal University – Faculty of Computers & Informatics - Cisco Local Academy
Setup mode
• Permit admin to install a minimal configuration for a router.• The router will enter setup mode when:
Contents of NVRAM erased “erase startup” command. When the router is “out of the box”.
• You can make the router enter setup mode by entering: Router# setup
Suez Canal University – Faculty of Computers & Informatics - Cisco Local Academy
User executive mode
• Allows only a limited number of basic monitoring commands. • Often referred to as a “view only” mode. • Does not allow any commands that might change the
configuration of the router. • Identified by the > prompt.
Suez Canal University – Faculty of Computers & Informatics - Cisco Local Academy
Privileged executive mode
• Provides access to all router commands. • This mode can be configured to require a password. • Global configuration mode and all other more specific
configuration modes can only be reached from the privileged EXEC mode.
• The privileged EXEC mode can be identified by the # prompt.
Suez Canal University – Faculty of Computers & Informatics - Cisco Local Academy
Global configuration & Specific Configuration
• Configuration changes are made that affect the operation of the device as a whole.
Suez Canal University – Faculty of Computers & Informatics - Cisco Local Academy
Basic IOS command structure
Suez Canal University – Faculty of Computers & Informatics - Cisco Local Academy
Using CLI help
• The IOS has several forms of help available:1. Context-sensitive help2. Command Syntax Check3. Hot Keys and Shortcuts
Suez Canal University – Faculty of Computers & Informatics - Cisco Local Academy
Context-sensitive help
Suez Canal University – Faculty of Computers & Informatics - Cisco Local Academy
Command Syntax Check
Suez Canal University – Faculty of Computers & Informatics - Cisco Local Academy
Hot Keys and Shortcuts
• Tab: Completes the remainder of the command or keyword.• Ctrl-R: Redisplays a line• Ctrl-Z: Exits configuration mode and returns to the EXEC.• Down Arrow: Scroll forward through former commands.• Up Arrow: Scroll backward through former commands• Ctrl-Shift-6: Interrupt an IOS process such as ping or tracert.• Ctrl-C: Aborts the current command and exits the
configuration mode.• Abbreviated commands: Commands can be abbreviated to
the minimum number of characters that identifies a unique selection. Ex: sh int = show interfaces
Suez Canal University – Faculty of Computers & Informatics - Cisco Local Academy
IOS examination commands
• Show version• Show flash• Show interfaces• Show startup-config• Show running-config
Suez Canal University – Faculty of Computers & Informatics - Cisco Local Academy
Basic Router Configuration
• Naming the router: Host name should be unique.
• Banner: Banner should warn against unauthorized use.
• Passwords: Use strong passwords• Privileged mode password
• Console Password
• Telnet Password
Suez Canal University – Faculty of Computers & Informatics - Cisco Local Academy
Basic Router Configuration
• Interface configurations: interface type, IP address and subnet mask. Describe purpose of interface. Issue no shutdown command. If DCE serial issue clock rate command.
Suez Canal University – Faculty of Computers & Informatics - Cisco Local Academy
Configuring a serial interface
S0/0S0/1
192.168.1.1/30192.168.1.2/30
RouterA(config)# interface serial 0/0RouterA(config-if)# ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0RouterA(config-if)# no shutdownRouterA(config-if)# clock rate 56000 (required for serial DCE only)RouterA(config-if)# exit
RouterB(config)# int serial 0/1 RouterB(config-if)# ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.252RouterB(config-if)# no shutdownRouterB(config-if)# exitRouterB(config)# exitRouter#
To know which interface is the DCE :RouterA# show controller s0/0
Suez Canal University – Faculty of Computers & Informatics - Cisco Local Academy
Interpreting the Interface Status
• Other Interface Status• Serial0/1 is administratively down , line protocol is down
interface is shut down • Serial0/1 is down , line protocol is down
interface or cable H/W failure ( no keep-alives )• Serial0/1 is up , line protocol is down
different encapsulation type ( PPP , HDLC , FR ) or no clock rate on DCE.
Layer 1 status Layer 2 status
Interface is working properly
Suez Canal University – Faculty of Computers & Informatics - Cisco Local Academy
Just Refresh – Enable Mode commands
• copy running-config startup-config• copy startup-config running-config• erase startup-config• ping ip_address• traceroute ip_address• show interfaces• show version• show arp• show startup-config• show running-config• show ip interface brief • configure terminal• show controllers serial_interface
Suez Canal University – Faculty of Computers & Informatics - Cisco Local Academy
Thank You..