Module 4

Configuring Network Connectivity

Module Overview

• Configuring IPv4 Network Connectivity

• Configuring IPv6 Network Connectivity

• Implementing Automatic IP Address Allocation

• Troubleshooting Network Issues

Lesson 1: Configuring IPv4 Network Connectivity

• What is an IPv4 Address?

• What is a Subnet Mask?

• What is a Default Gateway?

• What are Public and Private IPv4 Addresses?

• Demonstration: Configuring an IPv4 Address

• Types of Computer Names

• Methods for Resolving Computer Names

What is an IPv4 Address?

IP Address192.168.1.201IP Address192.168.1.201

IP Address192.168.1.202IP Address192.168.1.202

IP Address192.168.1.200IP Address192.168.1.200

Subnet 2Subnet 2

IP Address192.168.2.182IP Address192.168.2.182

IP Address192.168.2.180IP Address192.168.2.180

IP Address192.168.2.181IP Address192.168.2.181

Subnet 1Subnet 1

Dotted decimal representation of the address

What is a Subnet Mask?

Subnet maskxw y z

255 255 255 0

Network IDxw y z

192 168 1 0

Subnet maskxw y z

255 255 255 0

Network IDxw y z

192 168 1 0

Subnet maskxw y z

255 255 255 0

IP addressxw y z

192 168 1 200

What is a Default Gateway?

Use a default gateway when the internal routing

table on the host has no information about the destination subnet.

Use a default gateway when the internal routing table on the host has no information about

the destination subnet.

RouterRouter

Default gatewayDefault gateway

Subnet 2Subnet 2

Windows 7 clientsWindows 7 clients

Subnet 1Subnet 1

Windows 7 clientsWindows 7 clients

What are Public and Private IPv4 Addresses?

PrivatePrivate

• Non-routable on the Internet

• Can be locally assigned by organization

• Must be translated to access the Internet

• Non-routable on the Internet

• Can be locally assigned by organization

• Must be translated to access the Internet

Public Public

• Required by devices and hosts that connect directly to the Internet

• Must be unique• Routable on the

Internet• Must be assigned by

IANA

• Required by devices and hosts that connect directly to the Internet

• Must be unique• Routable on the

Internet• Must be assigned by

IANA

Demonstration: Configuring an IPv4 Address

Your instructor will demonstrate how to configure a Windows 7 computer with:

• An IPv4 address

• A subnet mask

• A default gateway

10 min10 min

Types of Computer Names

Name Description

Host name

• Up to 255 characters in length

• Can contain alphabetic and numeric characters, periods, and hyphens

• Part of FQDN

NetBIOS name

• Represent a single computer or group of computers

• 15 characters used for the name

• 16th character identifies service

• Flat namespace

NetBIOS Name CacheNetBIOS Name Cache44

WINS ServerWINS Server

BroadcastBroadcast66DNS Resolver CacheDNS Resolver Cache22

Local Host NameLocal Host Name11

LMHOSTS FileLMHOSTS File77

DNS ServerDNS Server33 55

Methods for Resolving Computer Names

DNS is the name resolution tool of choice for Windows 7DNS is the name resolution tool of choice for Windows 7

WINS is retained for backward compatibilityWINS is retained for backward compatibility

The Global Domain Names feature can remove theneed for WINSThe Global Domain Names feature can remove theneed for WINS

DNS is a service that manages the resolution of host names to IP addressesDNS is a service that manages the resolution of host names to IP addresses

Domain Name System (DNS)

Windows Internet Naming Service (WINS)

WINS is a NetBIOS name server used to resolve NetBIOSWINS is a NetBIOS name server used to resolve NetBIOS

Lesson 2: Configuring IPv6 Network Connectivity

• Benefits of Using IPv6

• Windows 7 Support for IPv6

• What is the IPv6 Address Space?

• IPv6 Address Types

• Demonstration: Configuring an IPv6 Address

Benefits of Using IPv6

Benefits of using IPv6 compared to IPv4Benefits of using IPv6 compared to IPv4

Larger address spaceLarger address space

More efficient routingMore efficient routing

Simpler host configurationSimpler host configuration

Built-in securityBuilt-in security

Better prioritized delivery supportBetter prioritized delivery support

Redesigned headersRedesigned headers

Windows 7 Support for IPv6

IPv6 is Enabled by Default

Windows 7 uses IPv6 by default to support security needs and additional features

Windows 7 Dual Stack

Windows 7 facilitates the dual stack to use IPv4 and IPv6 simultaneously

Direct Access requires IPv6

Windows 7 clients can use Direct Access which facilitates client computers connecting to the enterprise domain

IPv6 uses Remote Desktop

IPv6 supports Windows 7 File Sharing Security and Echo System features such as Remote Access and Direct Access

The IPv6 address space:The IPv6 address space:

What is the IPv6 Address Space?

• Uses 128 bits as compared to 32-bits that the IPv4 address space uses

• Allocates 64-bits for the network ID and 64-bits for the host ID

• Uses a prefix to define the network ID

• Uses 128 bits as compared to 32-bits that the IPv4 address space uses

• Allocates 64-bits for the network ID and 64-bits for the host ID

• Uses a prefix to define the network ID

2001:0DB8:0000:0000:02AA:00FF:FE28:9C5A/642001:0DB8:0000:0000:02AA:00FF:FE28:9C5A/64

2001:DB8:0:0:2AA:FF:FE28:9C5A/642001:DB8:0:0:2AA:FF:FE28:9C5A/64

Each digit represents four bitsEach digit represents four bits

The prefix is a forward slash followed by the number of bits in the network IDThe prefix is a forward slash followed by the number of bits in the network ID

2001:DB8::2AA:FF:FE28:9C5A/642001:DB8::2AA:FF:FE28:9C5A/64

ShortenShorten

ShortenShorten Shorten the address by dropping leading zeros and using zero compressionShorten the address by dropping leading zeros and using zero compression

Continue shortening the address by dropping contiguous groups of zerosContinue shortening the address by dropping contiguous groups of zeros

IPv6 uses hexidecimal notation

IPv6 Address Types

IPv6 Address TypesIPv6 Address Types

• Unicast – use for one-to-one communication between hosts

• Multicast – use for one-to-many communication between computers that are defined as using the same multicast address

• Anycast – use for locating services or the nearest router

• Unicast – use for one-to-one communication between hosts

• Multicast – use for one-to-many communication between computers that are defined as using the same multicast address

• Anycast – use for locating services or the nearest router

IPv6 Unicast Address TypesIPv6 Unicast Address Types

• Global Unicast – globally routable and reachable on the IPv6 portion of the Internet

• Link-Local – use when communicating with neighboring hosts on the same link

• Unique Local Unicast – equivalent to IPv4 private address spaces, such as 10.0.0.0/8, and have the prefix FD00::/8

• Global Unicast – globally routable and reachable on the IPv6 portion of the Internet

• Link-Local – use when communicating with neighboring hosts on the same link

• Unique Local Unicast – equivalent to IPv4 private address spaces, such as 10.0.0.0/8, and have the prefix FD00::/8

Demonstration: Configuring an IPv6 Address

Your instructor will demonstrate how to:

• Manually configure a Windows 7 computer with an IPv6 address

• Verify the IP configuration

10 min10 min

Lesson 3: Implementing Automatic IP Address Allocation

• Automatic IPv4 Configuration Process

• Automatic IPv6 Configuration Process

• Demonstration: Configuring a Computer to Obtain an IPv4 Address Dynamically

• Troubleshooting Client-Side DHCP Issues

Assigns IP addresses on the 169.254.0.0/16 networkAssigns IP addresses on the 169.254.0.0/16 network

Cannot be used with:• Active Directory

• Internet connectivity

• Multiple subnets

• DNS or WINS servers

Cannot be used with:• Active Directory

• Internet connectivity

• Multiple subnets

• DNS or WINS servers

IPv4 ClientIPv4 Client

DHCP Server with IPv4 Scope and

IPv6 SiteLocal Scope

DHCP Server with IPv4 Scope and

IPv6 SiteLocal Scope

IPv6 RouterIPv6 Router

Static ConfigurationStatic Configuration IPv6 ClientIPv6 Client

Automatic IPv4 Configuration Process

Automatic IPv6 Configuration Process

IPv6 ClientIPv6 Client

DHCP v6 Server with IPv6 Scope and

IPv6 SiteLocal Scope

DHCP v6 Server with IPv6 Scope and

IPv6 SiteLocal Scope

IPv6 RouterIPv6 Router

Static ConfigurationStatic Configuration IPv6 ClientIPv6 Client

Demonstration: Configuring a Computer to Obtain an IPv4 Address Dynamically

Your instructor will demonstrate how to:

• Automatically configure a Windows 7 computer with an IPv4 address

• Verify the IP configuration

10 min10 min

Troubleshooting Client-Side DHCP Issues

IPConfig is used to display IP configuration information and to release and renew addresses

IPConfig is used to display IP configuration information and to release and renew addresses

Option Description

/all Displays all IP address configuration information

/release Releases a dynamic IPv4 address lease

/renew Renews a dynamic IPv4 address lease

Lesson 4: Troubleshooting Network Issues

• Tools for Troubleshooting Networks

• Process for Troubleshooting Networks

• Demonstration: Troubleshooting Common Network-Related Problems

Tools for Troubleshooting Networks

Tool Purpose

Event Viewer Enables you to view errors relating to network activity

Windows Network Diagnostics

Helps to diagnose and resolve network problems

IPCONFIG Displays IP configuration information and controls the DNS resolver cache

PING and PathPING Verifies basic IP connectivity

TRACERT Verifies a routing path

NSLOOKUP Enables testing of name resolution

Process for Troubleshooting Networks

Windows NetworkDiagnostics

Windows NetworkDiagnostics

IPConfigIPConfigNSlookupNSlookup

TracertTracert PingPing

Demonstration: How to Troubleshoot Network-Related Problems

Your instructor will demonstrate how to use the TCP/IP troubleshooting tools to help resolve common connectivity problems.

10 min10 min

Lab: Configuring Network Connectivity

• Exercise 1: Configuring IPv4 Addressing

• Exercise 2: Configuring IPv6 Addressing

• Exercise 3: Troubleshooting Network Connectivity

Logon information

Estimated time: 40 minutes

Lab Scenario

• Laptop computers are being introduces for some of the managers in Contoso Corporation. You need to test how the IPv4 configuration will behave when they are out of the office and a DHCP server is unavailable.

• Contoso Corporation is considering the implementation of IPv6 in the internal network. However, noone in the organization has much experience with IPv6. You are performing some configuration tests with DHCPv6 to see how it behaves.

• A work experience student has been unsuccessful in attempting to resolve an network connectivity problem on a Windows 7 computer. The changes made to the computer have not been documented. You need to restore network connectivity for the computer.

Lab Review

• How are APIPA addresses for IPv4 similar to link-local addresses in IPv6?

• How can you update a Windows 7 computer to use the correct information after a host record is updated in DNS, but the Windows 7 computer is still resolving the name to the previous IP address?

Module Review and Takeaways

• Review Questions

• Tools