Nervous System

UnitUnit

6.86.8

Pages 104 -108Pages 104 -108

Key Terms

autonomic nervous systemautonomic nervous system brainbrain central nervous systemcentral nervous system cerebrumcerebrum diencephalondiencephalon hypothalamushypothalamus medulla oblongatamedulla oblongata

Terms (cont....)

cerebellumcerebellum meningesmeninges midbrainmidbrain nervesnerves neuronneuron parasympatheticparasympathetic peripheral nervous systemperipheral nervous system

Terms (cont....)

ponspons spinal cordspinal cord sympatheticsympathetic thalamusthalamus ventriclesventricles gangliaganglia

Nervous System

Definition of nervous system Definition of nervous system – complex highly organizedcomplex highly organized– coordinates activities of the bodycoordinates activities of the body– enables body to respond and adaptenables body to respond and adapt

Structures of the Nervous System

Neurons Neurons – basic structural unitbasic structural unit– contains a nucleuscontains a nucleus– dendritesdendrites– axonaxon– myelin sheathmyelin sheath– synapsesynapse

Nervous System Structure

Nerves Nerves – combination of nerve fiberscombination of nerve fibers– Afferent nervesAfferent nerves– EfferentEfferent– Connecting NervesConnecting Nerves

Central Nervous System

BrainBrain– cerebrumcerebrum– cerebellumcerebellum– diencephalondiencephalon

thalamusthalamus hypothalamushypothalamus

– MidbrainMidbrain– ponspons– medulla oblongatamedulla oblongata

Central Nervous System

Spinal CordSpinal Cord MeningesMeninges

– dura materdura mater– arachnoid membranearachnoid membrane– pia materpia mater

VentriclesVentricles Cerebrospinal FluidCerebrospinal Fluid

Peripheral Nervous System

Peripheral Nervous SystemPeripheral Nervous System– somatic somatic

12 pairs cranial nerves12 pairs cranial nerves 31 pairs of spinal nerves 31 pairs of spinal nerves

– autonomic nervous systemautonomic nervous system sympatheticsympathetic parasympatheticparasympathetic

Diseases and Disorders

Cerebral PalsyCerebral Palsy– disturbance in voluntary muscle action disturbance in voluntary muscle action

– caused by brain damagecaused by brain damage

– Three formsThree forms spasticspastic athetoidathetoid atacticatactic

– SymptomsSymptoms

– TreatmentTreatment

Diseases and Disorders

Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)– also called strokealso called stroke– occurs when blood flow to the brain is impairedoccurs when blood flow to the brain is impaired– results in lack of oxygen and destruction of results in lack of oxygen and destruction of

brain tissuebrain tissue– CausesCauses– SymptomsSymptoms– TreatmentTreatment

Diseases and Disorders

EncephalitisEncephalitis– inflammation of the braininflammation of the brain– CausesCauses– SymptomsSymptoms– TreatmentTreatment

Diseases and Disorders

Epilepsy or seizure syndromeEpilepsy or seizure syndrome– abnormal electrical impulses abnormal electrical impulses

– CausesCauses

– Types of seizuresTypes of seizures idiopathicidiopathic petit malpetit mal partial or Jacksonianpartial or Jacksonian tonic - clonic or grand maltonic - clonic or grand mal

– SymptomsSymptoms

Diseases and Disorders

Hydrocephalus Hydrocephalus – excessive accumulation of spinal fluidexcessive accumulation of spinal fluid– SymtomsSymtoms– TreatmentTreatment

MeningitisMeningitis– inflammation of meningesinflammation of meninges– SymptomsSymptoms– TreatmentTreatment

Multiple Sclerosis

Chronic, progressive, disablingChronic, progressive, disabling Cause UnknownCause Unknown Early SymptomsEarly Symptoms Disease ProgressDisease Progress TreatmentTreatment

Neuralgia and Paralysis

Nerve painNerve pain CausesCauses TreatmentTreatment

Brain and spinal cord Brain and spinal cord HemiplegiaHemiplegia ParaplegiaParaplegia QuadriplegiaQuadriplegia TreatmentTreatment

Diseases and Disorders

Parkinson’s DiseaseParkinson’s Disease chronic, progressivechronic, progressive SymptomsSymptoms LevodopaLevodopa TreatmentTreatment

ShinglesShingles herpes zosterherpes zoster inflammation nerve inflammation nerve

cellscells SymptomsSymptoms TreamentTreament

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