Nervous System. Essential Questions How do the structures of the nervous system relate to its...
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Transcript of Nervous System. Essential Questions How do the structures of the nervous system relate to its...
Nervous System
Essential Questions
How do the structures of the nervous system relate to its functions?
How are other body systems interrelated to the nervous system?
Nervous System Functions
Function is to gather, process, and respond to information
The information is received from your five senses: vision, hearing, smell,
taste, touchInformation is
received, processed, and responded to in less than 1 second
Neurons
Neurons = nerve cellsMessages travel from neuron to neuron
From your senses, to the brain, and back
Nervous System Structures
Central Nervous System Brain Spinal Cord
Peripheral Nervous System Nerves
The Brain
Three Parts Cerebrum Cerebellum Brain Stem
Cerebrum
Controls Behavior Abstract thought processes, Problem solving Attention, Creative thought Reflection, Judgment Initiative Muscle movements, Skilled movements, Some
motor skills Physical reaction
Occipital Lobe of Cerebrum
• Vision • Reading
Parietal Lobe
• Sense of touch • Response to internal stimuli• Sensory combination and
comprehension • Some language and reading
functions • Some visual functions
Frontal Lobe
• Planning• Reasoning• Impulse Control• Emotions
Temporal Lobe
• Auditory memories & some hearing
• Visual memories & other memory
• Music• Fear • Some language & speech • Sense of identity
Right Hemisphere
The right hemisphere controls the left side of the body
Responsible for spatial perception and emotion
Left Hemisphere
The left hemisphere controls the right side of the body
Responsible for language and logical processing
Corpus Callosum
Responsible for communication between the left and right side of the brain
Cerebellum
Cerebellum Sits at back of head under cerebrum Controls coordination and balance
Brain Stem
Under cerebrum but in front of cerebellum Connects the brain to spinal cord Controls involuntary functions such as
breathing, digestion, heart rate, sneezing, etc.
Divided into Pons Medulla Oblongata
Spinal Cord
Connects the large part of the peripheral nervous system to the brain Information from sensory nerves transmitted up
to brain Brain’s interpretation sends message back to
motor nervesResponsible for simple reflexes (withdrawal reflex,
knee reflex)
Nervous System Structures
Central Nervous System Brain Spinal Cord
Peripheral Nervous System Nerves
Peripheral Nervous System / Nerves
Made up of sensory and motor nervesSensory nerves receive messages and
take to brainMotor nerves receive message from
brain and respondDivided into two parts
Autonomic nervous system Somatic nervous system
Autonomic Nervous System
Controls the movement of Heart Muscle Smooth Muscles found in organs and blood vessels Involuntary Actions
Somatic Nervous System
Controls the movement of Skeletal Muscles Voluntary Actions
The Nervous System and The Circulatory System
Blood vessels run throughout the brain
20-25 percent of body’s entire blood supply goes to brain with each heartbeat
20 percent of the body’s oxygen is used by brain
When you are thinking hard, you may use up to 50% of body’s oxygen
The Nervous System and The Respiratory System
The brain monitors the amount of air in the lungs and the levels of Oxygen / Carbon Dioxide in the body
The brain regulates the rate of breathing
What affects nervous system function?
Physical Injuries are the most common Injured neurons no longer send and receive signals Results in paralysis
InfectionDiseaseChemical Substances
Slow down or speed up communication
Diseases / Disorders of Nervous System
Multiple SclerosisLupusAneurysmStrokeEpilepsyParkinson’s DiseaseBell’s PalsyCerebral PalsyMeningitisAutism
Essential Questions
How do the structures of the nervous system relate to its functions?
How are other body systems interrelated to the nervous system?