1

Vjk kf}

;DkfbsLo

k'vf{+ bo\s tsu' ;DklQ, emLu' snf j ;+:s[lt

lksfs—Vjk gu/kflnsf

g]kfn ;+jt\ !!#( s5nfuf÷@)&% d+l;/÷ 2018 December/ NofM@, bf““M !

lksfs– Vjk gu/kflnsf÷;Dkfbs—cfzfs'df/ lrs+a~hf/÷yfs"—eQmk'/ ckm;]6 k|];kmf]g NofM – )!–^^!))(^, O–d]n – bhaktapurmun@gmail.com

dlbOs ;';fs';f ofª+ t'+ Rjg]dMVjk gu/kflnsfo\ hgk|ltlglwt Tofs jfª Hof Gxofs;f+lg;]+ aMl5of 5s ;kmfO cleofg Gx\ofs

Rj+u' cMts+ dlblg . @)&$ >fj0f ! ut] lg;]+ ‘! ut] j !% ut]’ aMl5of 5s ofª jof] Rj+u' pu" af+nfu'cleofg;+ hgk|ltlglwlwk'+ gu/kflnsfof sd{rf/Lk'+ djl;+ dufu' Joj:yf gkf+ pu' yfo\of yL yL k'rM Sna,sf;f k'rM, k':tsfno, bfkmf, ehg gkf+ Tjfno\of kf;flk;+ g+ UjfxfnL ofª jof] Rj+u' vM.

y'hu' k'0o j Rj5fo\ axu' Hofoftf 5Dx'rf dg" to\;+ yMu' gf+ to\tf hs ofª Rj+u' wfo\u' åk+ Ao";f+gu/kflnsf+ yMu' nfufo\ Rj+u' ;f+:s[lts, k'/ftflTjs j P]ltxfl;s dxŒjof k'v', b]uM Njx“lxlt, r's, axM;'r's'r' ofo\u' Hofoftf TjM dlkmOs ofª jof] Rj+u' Hof v+ chk'+ dg" to\u' Dx't' KjM ltª Ao'u' bM.

;'r'lkr's]u' Hof gu/kflnsf j hgk|ltlglw to\u' hs dv' km'Ss gu/jf;L to\u' g+ vM wfo\u' vf“hgtfto\tf Wjfy'Os sfg]tf yL yL yf;o\ yL yL Ono\ d'g]Hof j sfg]Hof ofª jof] Rj+u' vM. Yj ;Eotfoflr+ g+ vM.

y'hu' Hofem\jMdWo] ;Nnf3f/L ! of /fgL k'v'nL h"u' ;';fs';f Hofem\jM ; hgk|ltlglw, sd{rf/L,lzIfs ljBfyL{, l;kfxL jx] yfo\of yL yL k'rM of kf;fk'+ cfkfn+ ;xefuL h'of] ;';fs';f ofª b\o"u' vM. o]+of/fgL k'v' :jof] kLbf“ -$) jif{_ Gxof]“ h'h' huHof]{lt dNn+ bosu' pu' Vjkof /fgLk'v'nL 3f“o\v+ tk'of] k'v' x]dbof] jflgnf wfo]\y+ Rj+u' k''v' oftf Vjk gu/kflnsf+ gS;f l8hfOg j nut Oi6d]6 ofo\u' Hof ofª Rj+u'j k|b]z;ef g+ jx] k'v'of Nx\jg] sg] ofo\tf ! u' s/f]8 bf+ ljo\u' SjM l5o w'+su'ln+ k'v' dyf+ x] Gxkf ofo\y]+x] Rj+s Nx\jlg wfo\u'ln gu/jf;Lto\;+ cfzf j ljZjf; ofª Rj+u' bM.

r'gfjof Ono\ hgk|ltlglwlk+;+ hgtftf Ao'u' ar+ 5l;sfy+ k" jf+s xMu'ln+ hgk|ltlglw lklgu'ljZjf; cKjof] jª Rj+u' bM. gu/kflnsf ;';fs';fof Hofem\jM dlbOs Gxofs o+s] kmo\dM . z'efo\ .

eL=cfO{= n]lgg

Vjk kf}

2

Vjk kf}

emLu' b]of :yfgLo lgsfoofOltxf; Kjn :jou' vM;f !% bfts hgk|ltlglwt d? an] lGxoflGxy+of Hof vo\ hgtf to;+ t:s+dl5+s h'odfn . pu" Ono\ P]gsfg'g :jof] sd{rf/L to\;+ Hof ;fg]dkmMu' hs dv' hgtf to\u' dltgkf+ HjM nfs Hof ;fg] dkmu'ln+hgtf to\;+ b'Mv :o"u' vM. l;Gx+ltsNoof]sMk' /fhgLlt g]tf j sfo{stf{tj b/jf/o\ Rjª Rj+k'+ zf;s to\;+hgtfof wfTy]+ vMu' ;d:of y'Os]dkm';]nL+ *) k|ltzt -;lR5vo\ro\Aj_ Hof lns'ª Rjg . 5'+ 5'+Odfgbf/k'+ sfo{sf/L clws[t jsd{rf/Llk;+ hgtfof ;]jf ofo\tf xRo"u' g+ vfg] bM.

!% bf“of pu" Vo"+u' O{no\ cKjM wfo\y]+ sd{rf/Lto\;+ yMu' st{Jo n'df+sn . yMdg+ x Hofª ;fg] km}u';+efjgfg+ d? . gkf+ P]g sfg'g g+ y'u' kIfvo\ d? .pu' Ono\ cKj wfo\y]+ sd{rf/L lk;+ lneM kfª,sfof{noof Ono\ 5]+ofo\u' Hofofª, b]ª, Dx]t O{ km'su'vfg] bM. 5'+ 5'+ sd{rf/Lto;+ wM;f Rjo\ Rjo\y+]scfvM Ajª yMtf ;Ifd ofª o+sn . u'ls cldu'dlt cKjM w]af sfo\u', cKjM ;'ljwf sfo\u' dv';]+ yLyL 1fg sfof] os\j ;o\s] l;Os]u' dlt vM. gkf+ u'ln+sd{rf/L to\;+ dHo"u' Hofofª, sfg'gof x\jM KjMn'Os clgoldt Hof ofª w]af go\u' Hof oft . Yjx]df}sfo\ sd] ofo\u' g;frf n'Osn . yMHo";f ;+;f/Ho"wfOk'+ sd{rf/L to\;+ yM /fi6«;]js wfo\u' n'd+s b]zj hgtftf emfª\u nfª h'n .

k~rfotof Ono\of hgk|ltlglw k|hftGqlnkfof *) k|ltzt -ro\Aj_ hgk|ltlglwlk;+ lji0f'dlt,

afudtL, dgf]x/f, v';L ;Lyo\cn] :jlguMof v';L l;yo\of -ktL{_ VoM -hUuf_ a' “ sfg"gnfxfto\ sfof] sfg'go\ ldn]dh';f+ x] uf+–ufdo\ j lhNnfofhfnL km6fxf to\;+ yMu' nfxto\nfsn . u'sL+ ofª gkfMofhgk|ltlglw to\u' Vjfno\ xfs'u'bfu lssn . pls+ lnkfofgsltlgof ‘u0ftGq g]kM’ wMu'emLu' b] of ;+3Lo j :yfgLotxof r'gfjo\ kbflwsf/L to\;+b] j hgtfof kL/, dsf{, b'Mvdy' . yM x] go\ yx] Tjg]+ wfwf+yMtf hs cfly{s kmfObf h'Ou'

Hofoftf yMu' hLjgof p2]Zo eMlkof] ofu' Hof v+/fhg}lts aGbf]a:t x] ljjfbo\ nft . cn] /fhgLltvf“UjM x] em"6, 3[0ff, u'08fubL{, efM lkn .7]s]bf/to\;+ b'?Gxofo\ bMDxf d]+rfy]+ ofOu' tfo\sn .

y'hMu' pv]:j y'v]:j d?u' cGof}n j ljjfbofbYjL g+ emLk'+ -g]dlskfof_ hgk|ltlglwlk;+ lgM:jfy{?k+ hgtfof ;]jf ofª emfof] Rj+u' vf“ Rj5fo\ axMh' .yM kl/jf/, yMlylt km'Ss l;g+ ofsrf h'of+ ;dfhofdl5+ dle+u' tf+s] km}nf < bs l5slklgu' cfh'O{k+uMyfg]km ¤ . ofsrf h";f+ hgtfof lg+lt+ t:s+nLdnfs h'odfln ano\ yM gkf+ k|ltåGåL h'of] b]zo\,ufdo\ cn] lhNnf j lgjf{rg If]qo\ jlk;+ nfvef/fe'? s/f]8 rfgr'g wfwf+ hgtftf emfª\u nfªflhnfnf, 7]Ssfk§fvo\ Yofv'of] dvo\s gof+ lhnfnfcn] ljleGg Pg=hL=cf] ljb]zL kfv]+ h";f+ vo\s+ dvos+w]af sd]ofu' vfgLan] yMu' g+ nf“k' lxn]+ dflnnfwfo\u' dlt jfg] kmM . pAn] l5slk;+ dfgj ;dfh

hgk|ltlglw lkGtf 5'+ 5'+ ;'emfj

xfg]axDxf g]dlskfof gfof] efh'gf/fo0fdfg lah'S5]+ -/f]lxt_

3

Vjk kf}

of ljsf;, ?;of cS6f]a/ qmflGtof Hofk" Hofldto\u'cfGbf]ng, rLg, So'jf, leotgfd j sf]l/ofo\ h"u'hgtfof qmflGtsf/L ;+3if{of vf“—l5tf dgo\ dv'y]+ofo\ tf+k' yMlylt kf;fefO, dtbftf j hgtfto\tfsfg]u' Hof oft wM;f ldvf sf+s]u' y]+ h'O{ . Njo\ofjf; y+] h'O .

cy] x] hf]uLh'o\tf dv' bf+ sd]ofo\tf x] /fhgLlt;fªfu' wfOk'+ l5slklgk'+ k|ltåGbLto\;+ l5slk+tf ldvfofw" elkof] l5slklgu' lj?b\o vu'+ dv+'u' vf“ ;]gfofsdfG8/ Og\ lrkm, k|x/L dxflg/LIfs, u'Ktr/ ljefu,cfOhLkL, dGqL j ;lrj lkGyfo\ rfs8L ofª vf“sfgLlklgu' Hof v+ l5s k' + yhk' + OdfGbf/hgk|ltlglwto\tf dl5+s] of] . jx] dle+u' dlt blk;+cldu' ck/fwL Hof tk'o\tf l5s lklgu' Hof vo\ k+uMyfª ;/sf/ j ljb]zLto\s] w]af km\jª cldu' HoftKo]+sL . ul/a Hofk' HofdLto\u' hUuf clwu|x0f ofo\u'VofRjM laof], emf+u nfª cfjf; If]q, gu/ ljsf;of yL yL+ gf+ laof] hgtf to\tf yfoafo\ db\os yª5\j]u' Hof ofO{ . cy] x] ljb]zL to\u' w]jf gof] emLu'b]zo\ xfnL d'xfnL ofs]tf cldtf n;s'; ofO{ .

Dx]u ofo\k+' b]zo\ 7u] ofª gOk'+ k~r t lnkfsf+u|];of VjMkfM k'of] hgtfto\tf VofOk'+, cn] Pdfn]jf Pdfcf]jfbLof ‘sfd/]8of’ g+ lkmof] u0ftGq j;dfhjfboftf ;Mufno\ kmL k'+ ck/fwL j a]OdfgL tgkf+ l5slk;+ /fhg}lts j ;}4flGts ;+3if{ ofo\dfnL .emLu' b] of g+ hs lkmof] ljb]zL k'FhL b'tf x} k'+xfs'dltof bnfnt gkf+ Njfª Rj+k'+ hgtfof ;+3if{vo\kf “Ro "Ro ' + 5lQ +x ] yfs 'dr;] + , dUof; ] + , lemk ' +hgk|ltlglwto\;+ hgtfof ;]jfvo\ xlrlnu' x] yMu'st{Jo eMlkodM .

r'gfjof Ono uy]+ hgtfof 5]+ 5]+ emfof] ef]6km\j“ emMu' vM cy]x] 5]+ 5]+ emfof] go\u', Tjg]u', 6r{nfO6,df]afOn cn] vfdo\ tof] w]af Oª Ao"lkGtf Tofs5f]u'ln+ cM ahf/ eM lys] h"u', s/ cKjM su',dle+u' ;fdfg gkf+ g;f Tj;fvo\ 5\of;f bMu' ;fdfg

Do'u' vf“ y'Os ljodM gkf+ b]zof kl/l:ylt g+ hgtfto\tf sf“ sf“ jg]dM .

hgk|ltlglw kf;flk;+ ;'yfo\ ;'yfo\ rflxnyMyMu' Tjfno\ j8fo\, r'so\, nf“o uMå Nxfo\u', wM:o]+yfo\ Nxf]+s]u', kmf]x/ d'ª vM yfo\ tou' gkf+ Tjg]u'gfMof ljifo Wofg tof] y'hfu' dbos dufu' ljifoofHofvo\ hgtfto\tf ;r]t ofof+ jfg]dM .

nf“ lyOsof 5]+ofo\lkGtf kmno\ yMu' ;fdfgtnls+ nf“h'j to\tf dl5lgu' hs dv' . yMx] dg" cn]drft g+ l6«k/, 6«s j d6/;fOsn+ SonL . pls+Ono\ x] josk'+ gkf+ NxNnf;Nxfofo\ dMu' vfg] bM.

emLk'+ hgk|ltlglw kf;fk'+ d]k'+ hgk|ltlglwwMlk;+y]+ r'gfj] x\jnfu' w]af Gx\ofy]ofª h';f+ lnkm]g]u'dlt+ ljsf; lgdf{0f ofo\u' w]af g}k'+ h'o dHo" ./fhgLlt wfo\u' ag] Hofo\u' dv' . hgk|ltlglwta~h dv' . emL hgk|ltlglwto\;+ hgtf bYjL jª>dbfg j rGbf sfof] Hof ;fg] ;o\s] dM .

Gx\ofu' g+ Hof ofo\ Gx\of] j Hof ofo\ w'+shgtf to\tf sfª km'Ss Hof ofo\ kl/0ffd Gxo\s+:jo\y]+ 5n{ª\u ofo\dM . kf/bzL{ ofo kmM;f hgtf+ljZjf; ofO .

hgtf to\tf emfª\u nfOu', l;lts+ ;fdfglaOu' w]af Oª Ao'u' vf“ sf+sf+ hgtfgfk+ ;ltª Hof;fg] dM . dv';f cldtf v'o xMu' ;fdfg ljof] v'“d'2fo\ nfs]tf g+ lnkm :jOdv' .

v'“ emg\ emg\ cKjM bof] ju' ln+ yMu' gkf+hnfvfnflklgu' 5]+ g+ jfrfo\s :jodMu' vfg] bM. Gx"u'VjMof dg" t vfg] btls+ cldu' lraM sfsf+ xf]; oªRjg]dM .

k|d'v lhNnf sfof{no Goª hs Gx"k'+ dg'to\tfb]/fljo\dM . u'Dxf+ u'Dxf+ k'ln;of e]ifo\ g+ jo\ of]u'ln+t'?Gt lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no kmf]g+ Goª hs 8]/fo\to\dMu' vf“ sf+sf+ jfg]d .

hgk|ltlglw kf;fk'+ hgtfof ;]js h'u'ln+ k]v]+ldvf bo\s rf+ GxL+ xf]z ofª h'o dM.

4

Vjk kf}

?;o\ h"u' cS6f]a/ qmflGt !)) brf f“ km't cy]g+ y'lsof dxŒj sd dh' lg . qmflGtof lg+lt+ cM g+ Yjt:s+ Hofnu] h"u' vf“ n]lggof wfk' sfy+ ‘zfl;t ju{Gxkfofo\u' y]+ cj:yfo\ Rjg] dg\db'u' j zf;s ju{+ Gxkfofo\y]+ cMk's zf;g ofo dkm}u' Ono\ qmflGt h'O{ .’

?;L ;dfhjfbL qmflGtof lg+lt+ uhu' kl/l:yltjoflg+ qmflGt h'nf wfo\u' vf“ y'Os]u' t:s+ cfjZosh' .!_ qmflGt Gxof]+ cfgfofk'+ hgtf

t ̂ % k|ltzt t:s+ lrdL goTjg] ofo\ lg+lt+ x] t:s+ yfs' .

@_ :jLå hldgbf/ to\u' nfxfto\5u" s/f]u :jof] cKj M ls;fgto\s] bMSjlt a'+ bMu' .

#_ 5u" s/f]8 kLu" nfv dg" to\tfHofv+ lnsfof] ;]gfvo\ egf{ ofo\o+su' .

$_a'“Hofof lg+lt+ 5\ono\ dMk'+ ;f“,jf;f“ -uf]?+_ g+ ;]gfof UjfxfnLoflg+lt+ 5\oMu' h'n . u'ls+ a'O“ Hof;fg]tf t:s+ dl5ª ls;fg to\tfb'Mv h'n .

%_ HofdL -dhb'/_ to\tf Hofv+ lnsfof] ;]gfvo\ o+sfln+sf/vfgf aGb h" h'+ jfg .

^_ oftfoftof aGbf]a:t ofo\ dkmof] ;/sf/ c;kmnh'h'+ jfg .

&_ b]of yfo\ yf;o\ gou' k'g]u' j:t't Yo]+s] dkmof]ef]sd/L h';]ln+ ;/sf/ c;kmn h' h'+ jfg .

!(!& of hgj/L dlxgflg;]+ x] Hofk' Hofld

-sf= /f]lxtof ;km" cS6f]a/ qmflGt j y'lsof dxŒj kfv]+ efo\ lxnfu'_

cS6f]a/ qmflGt j y'lsof dxTj -d"_to\;+ c;Gtf]if kf]+s yMu' tMl;s+ si6k"0f{ hLjg xfg]dMu' kfv]+ d'lQm h'ou' dlt+ Rof3f} -cf7306f_ of Hofj d]d]u' ;'ljwf of dfu tof] x8\tfn j k|bz{gGx\ofsn .!_ !(!& km]a|'c/L tsof b'g] *) k|ltzt dhb'/ t

5Kkf h'of] @ nfv dhb'/ to;+ x8\tfn j k|bz{gvo\ Ajlt sfn .@_ uf+–ufdo\ g+ ls;fg t ;fdGt jhldg\bf/ to\u' lj?4of bª jn .cldu' esf/L t5ofª jf Oª sfn .hUuf sAhfoft . b/jf/o\ ld tof]lan .#_ @& km]a|'c/Lts vo\ ^) xhf/l;kfxL t ;/sf/of lj/f]w ofªhgtf gkf+ ldn] h'jfg . ;/sf/Ldg" t, dGqL, hg]{n to\tf Hjªhgtfof xMg] xn . h]n t5\ofªqmflGtsf/L kf;flkGtf Tjtsxn .cn ] hf/ ;/sf/ dGts/]G:sLof k"“hLjfbL ;/sf/

jn . j ;/sf/+ g+ Hofk' HofdL to\u' dfu k'jf+s]dkm't . o'4oftf Tjts] dkm";]ln+ cfGbf]ngo\ xlrnRj+k' Hofk' Hofldto\u' x8\tfn j k|bz{gvo\ uf]nL+so\s k'“hLjfbL ;/sf/+ cldtf :ofª lan hldgbf/to\u' hUuf sAhf ofk'+ ls;fto\tf wDsL hs dv'$)) Dxf :jof] cKjM Hofk' Hofldto\tf uf]ln+ so\s:ofª lan . t/ k|ltlqmofjfbL to\u' bdg+ qmflGtsf/LtdUof . emg\ ;zQm ;+3if{ xHofsn .

5

Vjk kf}!_ 5l;sfy+ !(!& clk|n dlxgfo\ ls;fg ;+3if{ @)%

-Go]];j ªfs_ nlR5 lnkf d] dlxgf tsvo\ %%* jh'g dlxgf tsvo\ !!@@ cfGbf]ng oft . uf+ km'Ssls;fg to\u' Nxflt nfsn .

@_ clk|n dlxgf tsvo\ *)) u' snsf/vfgf aGboft . ! nfv &) xhf/ dhb"/t Hof dbo\s Rjg]dMu'ln+ Hofof aGbf]a:t ofo\of nflu+ dhb"/ ;ldltt lg:jfg .

#_ k|ltlqmofjfbL bdgof lj/f]wo\ yMu' yf;o\ ydg+ x]zf;g rn]ofo\u' dlt+ ^@ u' zx/o\ @ nfv nfn/Ifs jf :jo+;]jst 5kf5lw h'n .

k"“hLjfbL ;/sf/+ hgtfof go–k'g]u' Joj:yfofo\ dkm"t, hgtfoftf dMu' oftfoft Joj:yf ofo\dkmu' hs dv' cy{tGq x] cv]nf yv]nf dGt . yy]h'u'ln+ ?;o\ !(!& of cS6f]a/ ;dfhjfbL qmflGth'n .

y'lsof cg'ej sfof] n]lgg+ wfof] lbn –qmflGtof lg+lt+ cGt/f{li6«o kl/l:ylt Hof l5g] dM,

hnfvfnf b]of kl/l:ylt g+ qmflGtof lg+lt+ Hof l5+u'h'ox] dM .

cS6f]a/ qmflGtof Ono\ k"“hLjfbL b] t yM j+yjo\ 5v] kfv] vM;f hd{gL, cli6«of, x+u]/L j O6nLd]bvo\ nfu' vM. ?; yMx] hd{g gfk+ Njfk' vo\ tMs]ªRj+u' vM.

!(!& of km]a|'c/L tsvo\ ?; ofo\k'+ zf]ifsto\bYjL Njfk' h'of] 5Kkf h'o dkm";]nL+ km]a|'c/L qmflGth'n . cGt/f{li6«o k|ltlqmofjfbL t yj+ yjo\ NjfªtM t s]ª Rj+u'ln+ ?;of cS6f]a/ qmflGtoft SjTon5f]o\of lg+lt sfrfSs 5Kkfh'o dkm"t .

k " “hLjfbL b ]of HofdL to\; + x ] ?;ofdhb"/ to\u' ;dy{go\ yMu' b]zo\ ljb|f ]x oft .o'/f]kof yL yL yfo\of hgtf to;+ o'4of lj/f]wofª yMu' b]of ;/sf/ to\tf yMu' b]zo\ b'g]ofljb|f ]x j ;+3if{vo\ tMs] +s tof] ?;of qmflGtoftfUjfxfnL oft . cn] !(!& of cS6f]a/ qmflGt;kmn h'n .

3/hUuf s/vo\ 5'6of ljifon] Vjk gu/kflnsfof ;"r“ .

Vjk b]o\ of bfh'lshf ttfs]x] kfv]+ jMu' ;'emfj cg';f/+Vjk gu/kflnsf g+= cf=j= @)&$÷&% lg;]+ 3/hUuf s/vo\ %) k|ltzt

5'6 lao\u' lg0f{o h'u' sfy+ Yj x] jOu' @)&^ c;f/ d;fGttss/ k'n lbOk'+ ;sn gu/jf;Lo\f 5'6of ;'ljwf lao\u' vf“ Aofs Rjªf .

Ono\ x] s/ k'nM 5'6of ;'ljwf sfoM lb;+ .emLu' Vjk b]o\of ljsf; lgdf{0f j lzIff,emLu' Vjk b]o\of ljsf; lgdf{0f j lzIff,emLu' Vjk b]o\of ljsf; lgdf{0f j lzIff,emLu' Vjk b]o\of ljsf; lgdf{0f j lzIff,emLu' Vjk b]o\of ljsf; lgdf{0f j lzIff,:jf:Yo\ Gx\of] Hofsf] UjfxfnL oª lb;+ .:jf:Yo\ Gx\of] Hofsf] UjfxfnL oª lb;+ .:jf:Yo\ Gx\of] Hofsf] UjfxfnL oª lb;+ .:jf:Yo\ Gx\of] Hofsf] UjfxfnL oª lb;+ .:jf:Yo\ Gx\of] Hofsf] UjfxfnL oª lb;+ .

6

Vjk kf}

g]kf b]zo\ a'oj+ x] gful/stf ljodM wfo\u'lgod ;+ljwfg+ lnsfo\ dMu' vM. ;f+:s[lts afhfufhfgkf+ Gx"“b ¥ofnLvo\ emf+of] bLk'+ ;sl;tf+ Gx"b“ !!#( ofleGt'gf . g]kfnefiff ;flxTo tMd'+Hof km'Ss hfthfltj efiffefifL to\u' d+sM ba' vM. #* u"u' g]kfnefiff;flxTo tMd'+Hofof ba'nL yL yL ljåfg lkG;+ g]kfnefiffgkf+ vo\ -gk]fnL_ efo\ j ;fo“\ -tfdfª_ efo\of ;flxToAjg]Hof gkf+ Gjr' g+ laof] b\o"u' vM. efo\ j ;+:s[ltdg"of ;Eotfof ljsf;of tfsL -TjfyM_ vM . g]kM b]lrRofwf+u' b] h";f+ efo\ j ;+:s[ltof tMldu' b] vM. Vjkb]oftf or'lkr'u' ;f+:s[lts gu/, ljb]zL kfxf“ -ko{6s_t djl;+ dufu' uGtJo yfo\ j lzIffof d"yfo\ -s]Gb|_bo\s]u' emLu' d+s cfh' vM. ;f+:s[lts gu/, lj1fg jk|ljlw gkf+ xHofO . u'ls+ kmo\ vf“t dbof] jflg .Vjk gu/kflnsf+ Gx\ofs Rj+u' sn]ho\ b]zf+b]l5ofAjgfldk'+ Ajª Rj+u' bM. pls+ emL;+ wfo\kmof Vjkgu/kflnsf+ b]zofo\u' x] ;]jf ofª Rj+u' bM.

;+ljwfgo\ * u" tlu+ --cfwf/e"t tx_ ts w]afDjfos lgMz'Ns j dAj+sl;+x] dufu' clgjfo{ lzIffgkf+ !@ u" tlu+ -dfWolds tx_ ts w]af k'n] Djfo\slgMz'Ns -l;lt+_ Ajg] b}u' cn] df+ ef;+ Aj+s]u' vf“Sj5o"u' vM. t/ ;/sf/of efnf s'lao Rj+u' kf6L{to\;+ P]g vo\ lghL Ajg]s'lyt Nos+ t'+ to\u' ;+ljwfgofcvu' bkmf t tfg . Yj hgtftf emfª\u nfu' x] vM.P]gvo\ b];+ lkg] Hof;f+s] 5f]u' nhufM cyf{t\ j}b]lzs/f]huf/oftfg+ /fHo+ /f]huf/ laofu' bs gf+ lan . Yjg+ hgtftf Wj“nfu' x] vM. g]kfof Nof;] Nofd\xf] to\tfyMu' b]zo x] Hof lao dMu' vM. d]u' b]zo\ jf+k' lGx+ k]DxfªfDxf l;k'+ dg"to\u' nfz xof] Rj+u' bM. vf8L d'n'so\s'j]t wMu' b]zo\ b]of ;/sf/] Rj+k' /fhgLlt j k|zf;lgsdg"to\;+ emLu' b]of Dxofo\ d:t Rjn]rf km}rf y+] ldof]tMu' bM. ;/sf/+ x] k|ltj]bgof lnw+;fo\ ck/fwL to\tfsf/afxL ofo\ dMu' t/ dof . g]dlskf+ y'lsofaf/];+;bo\ hs dv' ;8so\ g+ ;Mtt+ jof] Rj+u' vM.

ahf/ eM t:s+ lys] h'n . ;/sf/+ y'ls af+nfscg'udg ofª Rj+u' d? . vM y]+ ªf+s ofu' cg'udghgtf+ pln of+ tfo\s Rj+u' d? . sd{rf/L to\tfnlR5of eQf ål5tsf tfª lan . t/ ahf/ eM @%Aj -k|ltzt_ :jof] cKjM yfsfn . ;/sf/+ n'“ ofo\k'+tM tM lw k'+ ªf wM k'+ xfs'a~h, dvo\s 5jfo\ g} k+' tMtM wf+k' v/fa 7]s]bf/t j j}b]lzs /f]huf/of gfdo\b]]of Nof;] NofDxf] to\tf Rof]–Ejflt+ y]+ ldo\ o+lsk'+Dofgkfj/ sDkgL of dg"to\tf 5'+ g+ sf/afxL ofªRj+u' d? . ;/sf/+ ck/fwL to\tf 5fo\ ;+/If0f ofªtMu' < u[xdGqL+ n“'ofo\ xfs'a~h tMlx|Dxf ªfoftf Hjg]u',

;/sf/+ ck/fwLto\tf 5fo\ DjfsM-;+/If0f ofª_ Rjgf

xg] axDxf k|]d ;'jfnh'

7

Vjk kf}v/fak'+ 7]s]bf/to\tf sf/afxL ofo\u' gkf+ drfDxf lgd{nfkGtoftf anfTsf/ ofo\ w'+s :ofª tsk"+ ck/fwLto\tf Hjª sf/afxL ofo\u' wMu' :jnf bt t/ ctsg+5'+ x] ofu' vfg] d? . cy] h"u'ln+ Yj g]skf ;/sf/hgtfof ;/sf/ dv' .

emL;+ bfo“ bf“;+ df:6/ hut;'Gb/ dNnof em\jftf+-;flns_ vo\ :j+dM Sjvfo\s Gx"b“of n;tfo\ josoftf ;Ddfg ofª jof] Rjªfu' vM. jos g+ ‘df+ ef;+cfvM Aj+s;f dyf+ cfvM ;O’ wfof] b\o"u' vM. gkf+c+u|]hL efo\of v“Ujw's', O;k+ bo\stMu' afv+oft-cg'jfb_ g]jfef;+ efo\ lxnf lbn . /f0ff zf;s rGb|zdz]/+ jos oftf g]jM ef;+ cfvM Aj+s;f h]n\o-em\ofnvfgfo\_ s'g]u' ts wDsL lan . cy]g+ jo\s5lt+x] nLdRo";]+ yMu' Hofem\jM Gxofs+t'+ o+sn . cMofo\u'P]gvo\ g+ yMu' df+ ef;+ Aj+s] b}u' wfo\u' vf“ bMu'ln+;fdflhs ljifo g]kfn efiff+ Aj+s;f af+nf h'O{ .

;/sf/o\ jf+ k'+ kf6L{to\;+ a'Mu'of lnw+;fo\-hGdof cfwf/o\ gful/stf laou' wfo\u' vf“ ;+ljwfgo\Rjt . ef/tgkf+ v'nf l;dfgf h"u'ln+ a'u'of cfwf/o\gful/stf ljo\u' vf“ kfo\l5 dh', u'ls+ emLtf kmfObfofO dv' . ef/t of b/eª\ufof k|fWofks d's]zs'df/l;+x+ yMu' ;km"lt $) u' nfv ef/t ofo\k'+ dg" to;+

hGdof cfwf/o\ g]]kfMof gful/stf sfo\w'+su' vf“ Rjof]tMu' bM. g]kMof VofnL Kofv+ DjM to\;+ ;/sf/o\ jf+k'+g]tf to\tf ef/tof nsf+ tn'jf bs Wofr' gsu' vM.b'O{ ltxfO{ ax'dt bMk'+ ;/sf/of g]tf t a'+Vofrf y]+ h'of]Rj+u' km'Ss l;g+ :o" . r'gfjo\ Ejo gs, Woaf Oª,yL yL ;fdfg t laof] Tofs ;/sf/o\ jf+k'+ n]G8'k bf]h]{yhk'+ g]tf to\;+ emLu' b] l;lSsd ofo\ tf+u' vM. pls+Yj ;/sf/ k~rfot j sf+u|];y]+ x], vM wM;f+ 5'+ dkf .

pBf]udGqL dft[sf ofbj+ Gxfkfofo\k'+ pBf]udGqLto;+ pBf]uL j Jofkf/L to\s] rGbf sfof], sld;ggof] ;fj{hlgs ;+:yft lghLs/0f ofu' vf“ ;+;bo\g'jfu' vM. b] j hgtfoftf le+ h'Ou' Hof ofo\ dkm"Dxf;/sf/+ /fhLgfdf ofo\d . afn'jf6f/, l;+xb/af/ jlztn lgjf; 7u to\u' hfno\ nfª Rj+tn] hgtfofle+ h'Odv' . hgb|f]xL to\tf ;f+;b j dGqL kb ljo\x] dHo" . ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg x] ofo\u' vM ;f hGdofcfwf/o\ gful/stf ljo\u' k|fjwfg vf/]h ofod gkf+km's+ k|b]z lxdfn, kxf8 j t/fO{ gkf+ Yofs bo\s] dM.z'efo\ .

-g]dlskfof ;lrj j xg]axDxf ;f+;b k|]d ;'jfnh'+ @)&% sflt{s @@ ut] tMd'+Hofof ¥ofnL lnkf laof]b\o"u' Gjr'_

tMd'+Hofof ¥ofnL lnkf h'u' ;efofk'+ ;xefuLtM

8

Vjk kf}

efiff, snf j ;+:s[lt yL yL hft hfltto\u'yMu' Dxl;Osf vM. b]zo\ b'g] NxfOu' km's+ efo\ j;+:s[lt Djfs to\u' efnf ;/sf/ ofo\u' vM. Ono\ x];/sf/+ y'sL ldvfAjo\ dkmof] u'nL efiff l;ª jfg;f u'ln+ efiff ljª jfg]tf Rjª Rj+u' bM. cM ofou'Gx"u' ;+ljwfgo\ km'Ss efo\oftf pln x] dfGotf ljof]tMu' bM. Ajg]s'lyO cfwf/e"t tx cy] wfo\u' Rofu"tlu+ tsof lzIff yu' x] df+ ef;+ Ajg]u' j Aa+s]u'clwsf/ laof] tMu' bM. y'lsoftf 5]n o+s]u' s'tMhgtfof nfxfto\ x] vM. 5fo\ wM;fM efiff, snf j;+:s[lt Djfs to\u' clwsf/ :yfgLo lgsfooftfAo"u' bM.

Vjk gu/kflnsf+ :yfgLo kf7\oqmd bo\skm'Ss Ajg] s'ly g]kfnefiff lnlk, ;+:s[ltof ljifono\Ajª\s] ljo w'+su' b . cem g]kfnefiffoftf xHofso+su' dlt+ Gx"b“ !!#( of n;tfo\ ‘Vjk kf}’ gf+ ofklqsf lksfo w'+su' h'n .

/fhgLlts cfGbf]ng j eflifs cfGbf]ng gkf+gkf+ o+s] dMu' vf“ emL;+ Gxkflg;]+ x] wfof] jof] Rjªfu'vM. u'ln+ yMtf eflifs cfGbf]ngof Gxon'jf 3fOlk;+efo\vo\ /fhgLlt j]s] dHo" hs s'+lvª Rjg ./fhgLlt kfv]+ lbSs h'O, ;+;b+ 5'+ g+ ofo\ km}dv' bslg/f;fof vf“ sfª Rjlg . emL /fhgLlt kfv]+ lj;]jfg wM;f jx] Sjk'nf+u' ljrMbk"+ ;fdGt j k"“lhkltto\u'nfxfto\ /fhgLlt nM jflg . ;+;b+ 5'+ x] h'Odv' bsemL;+ Tjt]u'of tKo+u' vf“ 5' h'On] wM;f k"“lhklt to\u'Nxfto\ /fhgLlt cMk's Tjto\u'y]+ h'O . pls+ YjwfTy] vMu' vf“ dv' . ;+;boftf 5on]u' qmflGtof

kl/l:yltof lg+lt+ 5'+ elt UjfxfnL h'Ou' vf“ emL;+AofSs y"of . pls+ k"“hLjfbof lj?4o\ db\o';]+ Njfªt'+ Rjg]dM . Yjx] emLu' gLlt vM .

u'ln+ ;f+;blkG;+ ;+ljwfg bo\s]u' em\jno\ g]kfMofo x] gf+ lxOs]u' k|:tfj g+ tn . Yj ef/tLolj:tf/jfbof -lgb]{zgo\_ kxno\ x] h"u' vM bs y'Os]tfyfs' dh' . b]oftf l;lSsd bo\s]u' dlt bMk'+ Gx"k'+n]G8'k to\u' k|:tfj vM j . chu' yL yL b]z3ftL jhglj/f]wL k|:tfj j ljw]osof lj?4o\ g]dlskf+GxofAn]+ ;MYjos Rjlg . y|];xf]N8 nfu'ofª g]dlskfyhu' wfTy]u' b]zeQm kf6L{oftf /fli6«o kf6L{+ lkg]to\u's'tM oft . t/ ljrM 5'+ g+ sfg'g+ s'g] km}dv', kfg]km}dv' . y|];xf]N8 bo\s] w'+s g+ emL;+ ;+;b j k|b]z;+;bo\ Tofs Ajlt sof] Rjªf . j yf;o\ emL;+larof Njfk' dlbs\s Gx\ofsRjg], Gxofª+t'+ Rjlg .

b] xHofs]tf cn] hgtfoftf ;'v ljotf/fhgLlt ofOk'+ dg" af“nfo\ dM. g]tf af+nf;f jof

g]kMof ljsf; ofo\u' vM;f GxofAn]+d]u' b]zof e/] Rjg] dHo"

Vjkof gu/ k|d'v ;'lgn k|hfklth'Vjkof gu/ k|d'v ;'lgn k|hfklth'Vjkof gu/ k|d'v ;'lgn k|hfklth'Vjkof gu/ k|d'v ;'lgn k|hfklth'Vjkof gu/ k|d'v ;'lgn k|hfklth'

9

Vjk kf}sfo{stf{ af+nfO cn] kf6L{ sfo{stf{t af+nf;f hshgtf+ ;'v l;O . t/ emLu' g]kfM b]z] cM /fhgLltu'08f -d'Nofxf_ t:s/ -xfs' a+h_ j 7]s]bf/to\u'nfxfto\ a'n'x'“ Gxofª jª Rj+u' bM. r'gfjo\ s/f]8f}+ bf+xf]n Tofs jf+k'+ dg"to\;+ cM b]ofo\u' 9's'6L n'6]ofo\u'Hof ofª jof] Rj+u' bM. ef/L Sjyfo\ lvrf åx“ jf+u'le+u' nIf0f dv' . y'ls+ emLu' eljio af+nfO dv'wfo\u' af+nfs x] So+ . -Yj le+u' nIf0f dv' wfo\u'af+nfs x] l;o\ bM._

emLu' b]zo\ ;+3Lotfof vf“ joflg+ ;+j}wflgskxMlaof] y'lsoftf ªfnsMu' lxbf :jof] cKj bow'+sn . cy]g+ y'lsof wfTy]+u' kxM -efjgf j dd{_y'Os xMg] jfg] kmof]Rj+u' d? . cGtl/d ;+ljwfgo\GxMkf+ ;+3Lotf wfo\u' vf+UjMx] d? . ;+ljwfg 5on]u'vf“ Sjl5o j+ -t/fO{_ d;]]{ kfv] cfGbf]ng Gxofsnu'ls+ ;+3Lotf g+ b}u' vf“ tfª Rjt . km'Ss+ ln;“AofSs v“Nxf a“Nxf j ;/;Nnfxx] dof;]+ xyfo\;+;+3Lotfof vf“ Sj5";]ln+ cM oSj yf;o\ dl5+u' jdru' kxM vfg] bof] jn . ;d:of emg\ emg\ a'of]jn .

;+;f/of ;+3Lo b]to\u' ljifono\ b'jfn :jou'vM;f s]]Gb|Lo ;/sf/s] ;]gf, k//fi6« j d'b|f -w]af_y]+ hMu' t:s+ Rjo\of clwsf/ hs b} . emL;+ ;+ljwfgo\x] ;+3, k|b]z j :yfgLoof Dxflt+ Dxflt+ yMyMu'clwsf/of wn bo\sf xHofª, Rjªf . t/ y'u'sfy+Gxof] Hofo\tf s]]Gb|Lo ;/sf/ j plsofo\k'+ k|zf;st5lQ+x] dfg]dh' . s]Gb|] -Rjo_ Rjlgk'+ sd{rf/L km'Sswfo\y]+ ah]6 clds] x] nfodMu' lrRof dlt+ Hof;ªRj+u' bM. b]zo\ ;+3Lotf h'n bs SjMl5ª Hof ;fªjo\ w'+;f+ Gxfkf h'h'of kfno\ y]+ x]+ vuM yMs] nfs;/sf/ Gxofs]dMu' PsfTds z}nLof kxn+ xlrn Rj+u'bM. ydg+ ljoflg+ ltlg cyf{t\ yMs] rfs/ofª km\jªsfof] hs k|b]z j :yfgLo lgsfo xlrno\ dMu'Sjx\o+u' dfgl;stf Hjª ;/sf/ xlrn Rj+u'ln Yjk'+

ljsf;of k+uMh'of] Rj+u' :ki6 h" .g]kMof ;+ljwfgo\ ;dfhjfbof kx bMu' /fHo

bs SjMl5ª tMu' bM. ;dfhjfbof cy{ pTkfbgof d"d" j:t't ;fdflhsLs/0f ofo\u', Ajg]u' j Njo\ofjf; l;lts+ ofo\ b}u' vM. cM emLu' b]zo\ yMtfsDo'lgi6 wfOk'+ g]skfofo\u' ;/sf/ vM . ;+;bo\:jAjMvo\ g]AjM cldk'+ x] dg" bM . & u" k|b]zdWo]v'u" -^ u"_ k|b]zof d'VodGqL t g+ g]skf ofo\ k'+ x]vM . yhu' af+nfu' anfu' Ono\ x], yM cKj b'hM bMu'Ono\ x] g]skf wfTy]+ vM Dxf sDo'lgi6 h'u' vM;fb]zo\ ;dfhjfbof gLlt sfy+ Hof xHofs o+s] dMu'vM . t/ plsof cv lghLs/0f oftf x] ltaM laof]Rj+u' b .

@)$* ;fn lnkf pAn]of cy{dGqL /fdz/0fdxt+ cfly{s pbf/Ls/0fof gfdo\ pBf]uwGwftlghLs/0f ofo\u' gLlt xlrOsn . g]kfof lg+lt+hnfvfnf b];+ bo\s Ao"u' km'Ss wfo\y]+ pBf]uwGbf5u" 5u" ofof+ lghLs/0f ofof+ o+sn . Pdfn] jdfcf]jfbL to\;+g+ Yjx] nf“k' so\Rofu' vM;f cM y'u'gLlt cM g]skfof ;/sf/ g+ so\Rofª afª Rju'vM . ;dfhjfbof gfdo\ hgtftf d'no\ tof] Gx\no\uMlso\u' Yj yGou' ljZjf;3ft d]u' 5' b} <

b] tMld -;d[l4_ ofo\tf pBf]uwGwf to\u'ljsf; dh'Os ;Dej h'Odv' . b]of d'Ss nfo\ tof]@)$^ ;fn lnkf 5'+ g+ pBf]u, sn–sf/vfgf, Ajg]s'ly-ljBfno_ sn]h, ljZjljBfno j a}+s t rfo\su'vfg] d? . u'ln g+ rfo\su" vM j stb]of nfo\ jflghL nfo\ vo\ hs lg:jf+u' vfg] bM. cy{tGqof d"xf“uM km'Ss d]u" b]oftf j -lghL If]q_ 5Dx'rf dg"ofnfxfto\ nMNxfª b] Ajnfgo\ -;d[4_ km}dv' . b]oftfdMu' ;lR5vo\ lxAj x] sfkM emLyfo\ yfo\ kmMu'dv' . () Aj :jof cKjM sfk ef/t j d]u' b]-t];|f]/fi6«_ kfv]+ xo\ dfn Rj+u' bM . cy] b'Mtf x}u';fdfg t dWo] j}wflgs ?k+ ;R5Lvo\ lxAjM hs

10

Vjk kf}vfg] bM. emLu' b]of w]af d]u' b]zo\ v'zL aM Gxofy]+Gxofª Rj+u' bM . cy{tGq emg\ emg\ ufno\ s't“jfªRj+u' bM. Kosf{o\ ldof] u'Ov'sf{o\ Gofo\dMu' cj:yfo\emL nfª Rj+u' bM. Yj wfTy]+ x] emLu' af“dnfu" O{ of-;+s]t_ lr+ vM.

Oltxf;of kf} k'Os :jo\u' vM;f emLu' g]kM b]j rLgo\ jx] Ono\ /fhgLlts kl/jt{g h"u' vM .rLgo\ lrskf lg:jf+u' ;R5Lbf“ So+u' n;tfo\ ;g\ @)@!ts vo\ ;+;f/of bSn] cKjM -Woaf bu'_ tw+u' cy{tGqbu' b]of sy+ xlrn]u' dlt+ xHofª Rj+u' bM. 5u" ca{ #%u' s/f]8 :jof] cKjM dg"totf Hof laof] -/f]huf/L_;+;f/o\ yMu' ;fdfgt lktf 5\jof] b]oftf ;d[l4 ofo\u'ult+ xHofª Rj+Dxf lrgofo\u' ljsf;+ cd]l/sf j d]u'k'FhLjfbL b]to\tf yf/fGx'Os Vofu' bM. u'ls+ ofª cldtfg"uM jfos :jou' afWo ofsn .

;+/f cd]l/sf+ yM :jof+] adnfk'+ b]to\tf, lj:tf/+anfª jk'+ O/fs, lnljof yHof]u' b]oftf lgd{dtfk"j{sWj:t oft . clds] bMu' lrs+, k]6«f]lnod kbfy{ nfssfn . plsof cv rLg b]z+ yM hnfvfnf b]lkGtf g+Rjo\ o+s]u' dlt+ /];d dfu{of Hof em\jM xlrOsn .

;+;f/oftf x] ch' rfo\lsu' ljsf;of Hof of;]+ rLgt:s+ aNnfu' b]ofsy+ xlrn Rj+u' bM. ;+;f/oftf ch'rfos !$#@ lsld tfMxfsu' v';L dg"g+ bo\su',;d'b|o\ %% lsld tfMxfsu' tf“ bo\s'u', ;+;f/of bsn]dyf+ Ajfs jflgu' /]n bo\s rLg xHofª Rj+u' bM.!(!& of ;dfhjfbL qmflGt lnkf ;f]leot ;+3+ljsf;of knf uy] xHofsu' vM cy] x] cM rLgxHofª Rj+u' bM.

g]kMof ljsf; ofo\u' vM;f GxofAn]+ d]u' b]zofe/] Rjg] dHo" . emLs] bMu' ;|f]t j ;fwgoftf kmof+kmSj cKj 5\on]dM . -dflyNnf]_ s0ff{nL cy] wfo\u'Rjo\of s0ff{nLof 5k' v';L+ ljh'nL lksfof] 5\on]u'vM;f emLu' b]zoftf dfSj ljh'nL lksfof] g+ cKju'd]u' b]zoftf ldof] bf+ sdo\ ofo kmM . emLk'+ zf;sto\s]] y'hfu' a'l4 u'An] j}u' h'O < ljljwefiff ;flxTo;Dd]ng+ b]z j hgtfof ;]jf dlbSs ofª jfg] kmod\bs z'efo\ b]5fo\ .-@)&@ sflt{s @@ ut] dWok'/o\ Uj;fM Uju'-@)&@ sflt{s @@ ut] dWok'/o\ Uj;fM Uju'-@)&@ sflt{s @@ ut] dWok'/o\ Uj;fM Uju'-@)&@ sflt{s @@ ut] dWok'/o\ Uj;fM Uju'-@)&@ sflt{s @@ ut] dWok'/o\ Uj;fM Uju'ljljw efiff ;flxTo ;Dd]ng ; Vjkof gu/ljljw efiff ;flxTo ;Dd]ng ; Vjkof gu/ljljw efiff ;flxTo ;Dd]ng ; Vjkof gu/ljljw efiff ;flxTo ;Dd]ng ; Vjkof gu/ljljw efiff ;flxTo ;Dd]ng ; Vjkof gu/k|d'v ;'lgn k|hfklt h'+ ljof] b\o"u' Gjr'M_k|d'v ;'lgn k|hfklt h'+ ljof] b\o"u' Gjr'M_k|d'v ;'lgn k|hfklt h'+ ljof] b\o"u' Gjr'M_k|d'v ;'lgn k|hfklt h'+ ljof] b\o"u' Gjr'M_k|d'v ;'lgn k|hfklt h'+ ljof] b\o"u' Gjr'M_

11

Vjk kf}

5u" ;Dd]ngo\ lrgfv+ 5k" Gxo\ Aju'ln;gofT;]g j lx6n/oftf jx]] kx ofo\k'+ bs wfn .rLg ofo\Dxf k|hftflGqs cfGbf]ngof g]tf ;goft;]g;fdGtjfbof lj?4o Njfª jDxf of]4f vM;f lx6n/kmf;LjfbL vM. g]kMof Voflnld ;'/jL/ kl08t+ yMu'Gjr' vo\ ;2fd x';]g+ ;dfKt h'n -d+t_ bs wfn .wfTo]u' vf“ t/ ;fd|fHojfbL cd]l/sL O/fso\ cf0fljsNjfe -xltof/t_ :jyfª tnf wfof] ;2fdx';]g oftf:ofu' vM. O/fsof lrs+ vfgL yMu' nfxfto\ nfs]tfyuh' hMUju' vM.

;/sf/+ :jlguMof :df/s :ynoftf No+stodMu' vM. b|'tdfu{of gfdo\ onof k'nf+u' a:tL vf]gfjf af]ªufo\of k'nf+u' ;Dkbf :o+s Ao"u'ln+ :yfgLodg"to\;+ cfGbf]ng ofª Rj+u' b M. o]+of k'+nf+u' 5]+ y'ªnf“ tMAofsn t/ ;jf/L;fwg dMu' :jof] cKjM b'sfof]u'ln+nf hfd h'n . u'ls+ ;snl;g+ b'Mv go\ dfn .km'Ss ;'ljwf 5yfo\;+ nfsu'ln+ b]of yL yL yf;o\ofo\k'+ hgtft :jlguno\ hs Rj“ ju'ln+ b|'tdfu{ jrqmky bo\s] dMu' vM. y'u';L df]xgL ano\ #) nfvdg"t :jlgu+M Kofxf“ jf+u' Nofrf lkAju' vM. b]zo\ py]+ofª ljsf; dh'u'of Yj 5u" b;' vM.

;+3Lo /fhwfgL o“] vof g+ k|b]zof /fhwfgLg+ o]“ x] to\u' arg Ao" Ao"“ g]jM g+ lkmof] r'gfjo\ Tofs;/sf/o\ jfgf . jx] ;/sf/o\ jf+k'+ kf6L{of dg"to\;+ r'gfjan] l7dL w]jf Oª ef]6 km\j+u' bl; gkf+;~hfno\ ju' x] vM. dGqL to\;+ e|i6frf/ dof;fsd{rf/L to\;+ dofO wfo\u' vf“ NxfOk'+ sd{rf/L temg\ emg\ e|i6 h" h"+ jfª Rj+u' vM. cM jof] :jlguMlkg]of hgtft ;ª\3 j k|b]zof /fhwfgL 5yfo\ to\dHo" wfo\u' vf“ Hjª cfGbf]ng ofª jof] Rj+u' bM.b]of -;Gt'lnt ljsf;_ ;seg+ plt+Uo+s ljsf; ofo\ofnflu+ k|b]zof /fhwfgL :jlgu+ lkg] todMu' ;Nnfx

laof] jof] Rj+u' vf“ ;sl;g+ :o" .ef/t+ gfsfaGbL ofan] k|wfgdGqL s]kL cf]nLg+

c8fg sMu' wfo\u' vf“ cM em'6 ;fljt h'u' bM.gfsfaGbLof Ono x] jos ef/t emfof] josn+ ef/tof;Nnfxsfy+ x] @)&@ df3 ( ut] hg;+Vof lgª plsofcfwf/o\ ;f+;b bo\s]u' bs ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg ofªb\o"u' vM. ;+;bo\ g]Aj:jof] cKjM -b'O{ ltxfO{_ ax'dtbofg+ ef/tLo k|wfgdGqL df]bLof ljz]if b"tof ?ko\jDxf ljb]zdGqL z'idf :j/fh oftf ;Mt ;f]N6Lxf]6]no\ 3f}l5ts uf]Ko gfknfª k|d h"u' vf“ cM l;o\bof] jn . pAn]of Pdfn]of 5Dxf g]tfof x}l;ot+dxfsfnL v';L ef/toftf nM Nxfo\tf rf+ lGx h"u'vf“;sl;g+ y" . g]skfof d]Dxf gfof] k|r08+ ;z:qåGå, zflGt k|lqmof j ;/sf/o\ o]+s]u' ts ef/tofo\u'x] UjfxfnL bMu' wfof] b\o"u'ln+ jos ef/tof ‘6«f]hgx;{’ ;fljt h"u' bM.

Yj cS6f]a/ qmflGtof !)! jif{ -;lR5 j5bf_ So+u' jif{ vM . pAn] sflGtof efnf s'ljof]xHofsu' af]Nz]ljs kf6L{+ k"“hLjfbL r'gfjof qmflGtsf/Lpkof]u ofu' vM. g]dlskf+ af]N;]ljs kf6L{of jx]

:jlguM of ;f+:s[lts ;Dkbf Djfs tod

xg] axDxf k|]d ;'jfnh'

12

Vjk kf}nf“k'oftf ªfn o+s Rj+u' vM. Yj n]lggjfbL gLlt vM.?;o\ d]G;]ljst r'gfjo\ Tofs k"“hLjfbL ;/sf/o\efua08f sfo\f] Rj+u' vM. g]kfno\ g+ g]skf+ yy] x] Hofofª jof] Rj+u'ln+ ck'+ ;+zf]wgjfbL j cj;/jfbLvM.

;/sf/ -sld;g_ 5\jfo\ gou' e|i6frf/ ofou'Hof ofª jof] Rj+u'ln+ af]8]of ;fj{hlgs kn]:jf“ k'v'-sdnkf]v/L_ dfnkf]t clkm;o\ btf{ ofª 5Dxf dg"ofgfdo\ tof] Ajyof] ldou' Hof h"u' vM.

b'jfsf]6 l6ugLof !( lk ;fj{hlgs klt{-Vof]_ hUuf dfnkf]t sfof{no+ 5Dxf dg"of gfdo\ btf{ofª Knl6ª -Ajyn]u'_ oft . ;/sf/, e"–dflkmofto\u' hfno\ nfu' vf“ hgtf+ s'+lvª jof] Rj+u' b M.pls+ lghL ofMu' hUuf ;fj{hlgs ofs]of lg+lt+ lhk'+;8s j ;+;bo] ;M tof] jof] Rjªfu' vM.

cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfb+ yMtf cfly{s j/fhgLlts ?k+ k+uM x}nf wfo\u' z+sf bMk'+ b] to\tfVofRj gkf+ gfsfaGbL ofª jof] Rj+u' vM. ;dfhjfbLb]z So'jf jf k|hu sf]l/oftf &) bf“ Gxof]+ lg;]+cfly{s gfsfaGbL ofª jof] Rj+u' bM. ;+/f ;+3ofdxf;efof So'jflj?4of cd]l/sL gfsfaGbL lntfsMhs !&& u" b]z+ @& s k|:tfj kfl/t oft . ;+/f

cd]l/sf j Oh/fon+ hs gfsfaGbLof kIfo\ dtlanf . k|hu sf]l/of+ l;+ufk'/] jftf{ j ;xdltsfof{Gjog ofo\u' vM;f cd]l/sf+ yM gkf+ :yfoLzflGt ;Demf}tf ofodMu' blIf0f sf]l/ofo\ tof] tM k'+cd]l/sL ;]gf j xltof/ -NjfeM_ lntf o+s] dMu',gfsfaGbL TjMt]dMu' c8fg tof] jof] Rj+u' vM. rLgcd]l/sfof Jofkf/ o'4] cd]l/sf t:s+ b\ofOu' v“ cemg\ :ki6 h"h'+ j+u' bM.

g]kMof plndl5 a'“ gfM v+ n's'+ ljOu' ofªbo\su' af“w t5\ofo\u' ljifono\ ;/sf/o\ jf+k'+ kf6L{to\;+ g'jfo\ts kmof] Rj+u' d? . g]kMof kf/jxg clwsf/ef/t+ n'6]ofª sMu' hs dv" g]kof k|wfgdGqLtf Uof“;,lrs+ j d]d]u' ;fdfg t ef/tofo\s] x] hs Gofo\ dMu'afWotfvo\ ;xL ofsM jof] Rj+u' vM. g]kfn ;/sf/+vfBfGg, l;;fkmn t/sf/L km'Ss ef/tso\ x] GofOu' .;R5L vo\ ro\Aj l;;fkmn -*) k|ltzt kmnkm"n_ lkg]g+ x] x} . h'Dnf, sflnsf]6, d':tfªo\ ;Mu' :ofp o]“x\ou' ts Hof ;fª rf]u' d? . pls+ Yj ;/sf/+ b]oftfcfTdlge{/ofo\ km}dv' . ofª Rj+u' d? .-@)&@ sflt{s @@ ut] dWok'/o\ Uj;fM Uju'-@)&@ sflt{s @@ ut] dWok'/o\ Uj;fM Uju'-@)&@ sflt{s @@ ut] dWok'/o\ Uj;fM Uju'-@)&@ sflt{s @@ ut] dWok'/o\ Uj;fM Uju'-@)&@ sflt{s @@ ut] dWok'/o\ Uj;fM Uju'ljljw efiff ;flxTo ;Dd]ng ; xg]axDxf ;f+;bljljw efiff ;flxTo ;Dd]ng ; xg]axDxf ;f+;bljljw efiff ;flxTo ;Dd]ng ; xg]axDxf ;f+;bljljw efiff ;flxTo ;Dd]ng ; xg]axDxf ;f+;bljljw efiff ;flxTo ;Dd]ng ; xg]axDxf ;f+;bk|]d ;'jfn h'+ ljof] b\o"u' Gjr'M_k|]d ;'jfn h'+ ljof] b\o"u' Gjr'M_k|]d ;'jfn h'+ ljof] b\o"u' Gjr'M_k|]d ;'jfn h'+ ljof] b\o"u' Gjr'M_k|]d ;'jfn h'+ ljof] b\o"u' Gjr'M_

13

Vjk kf}

;/sf/+ Nx\jg] w'+s]u' lbg SjM 5o"u' O{ :jo\u'vM;f @)&# r}t ano\ x] o]+ of /fgL k'v' Nx\jg]-k'gMlgdf{0f_ bo\s] w'+s] dMu' vM. gq ;f 57 k"hfofotf /fi6«klt ljBfb]jL e08f/L sdnkf]v/L emfodflnu' dv' . @)&@ df3 @ ut] ‘/fli6«o Ejvfo\lbj;’ of le+ lbg;+ o]“ of /fgL k'v' /fi6«klt e08f/Lh'+lg :jfª b\o"u' vM. @)&# ;fno\ x] /fgL k'v'of Hofl;wo\s lshf k'hf v'Gx'+ ;j{;fwf/0f hgtf to\tfk"hfof lg+lt+ rfo\s ljou' ar+ ;/sf/+ Ao"u' vM. /fgLk'v' Nx\jg]u' Hof l;w}u'of+ tfkfu' vf“ h'n u'u' z}nL+bo\s]u' wfo\u' vf“ ts x] Sjl5o\ dkmof] t:s+ cndnh'of] Rj+u' bM.

o]“of /fgL k'v' Nx\jg]u' Hofof Njfk' h'of] Rj+ano\ Vjkof em08} tfª jfg] tf+u' /fgL k'v'oftfDjfs]u' Hof ;'? ofu' bM. Vjkof hgk|ltlglwk'+ gkf+cfgfofo\ :yfgLo hgtft -;Nnf3f/L_ Rjªf kfvo\Rj+u' l;kfxLof 3]/fo\ -;}lgs Onfsfo\_ b'g] nfªRj+u' /fgL k'v' ;+/If0f ofo\u' :jR5 dlt+ bª ju' bM.

Vjk gu/kflnsfof\ d]o/ efh' ;'lgn k|hfklth'+ Vjko\ g+ /fgL k'v' bMwfo\u' vf“ cKjfl;g+ d:o"u'h'okmM. o+]of /fgL k'v' :jof] k'nf+u', em08} $) bf“Gxof]+

bo\su' y'u' k'v' ;+/If0f ofo\tf lhk'+ Hof;fª Rjªfu'vM. ;}lgs cfjf;Lo dxfljBfnoof sf;fVoM gkf+Yj k'v' bM. tM Aofu' If]qo\ ªfª Rj+u' y'u' k'v'ofrfsl5+ hgk|ltlglw, :yfgLojf;L, ljBfyL{k'+ j ;]gfgkf+ Rjª zlgaf v'g'+ ;/;kmfOof Hof em\jM Gxofsu'vM. ;kmf ofo\u' emjno\ rt'd'{vL lzjlnª\u -KokfVjM bMDxf dxfBf]of d"lt{_ pdfdx]Zj/ nIdLgf/fo0fj d]d]u' k'/ftflTjs j:t't n'of] ju' vM. k'v' ;kmfofo\u'emjno\ n'of] ju' ckf j ljleGg j:t't yL yLsfnv08of vM;f Njx“to\ lsof] tMu' yL yL snfTdscfs[ltt pv]y'v] xfs'ltª tMu' vfg]bM.

Oltxf;ljb\ k'?iff]Qdnf]rg >]i7 h'of wfk'sy+ j d"lt{ t g]kfn ;+jt &%) tf Ono\ Vjkof h'h'huHof]{lt dNn+ /fgL k'v' bosu' Ono\ x] yfkgf ofu'vM. o]]“of /fgL k'v' :jof] Gxkf+ x] bosu' w;]+ o]“of/fgL k'v' g]kfn ;+jt\ &() -lj=;+=!&@& ; h'h' k|tfkdNn+ bosu' vM;f Vjkof /fgL k'v' j :jof] $) bf“Gxof]“ bo\su' k|df0f Oltxf;+ wfokmM. o]+of h'h' k|tfkdNn+ Vjko\ cfqmd0f ofu' vfg] bM. pu' Ono\of-xtfn_ cfqmd0f Yjx] Vjkof /fgL k'v'nL ofu' vM.k|tfk dNn+ rf“u' h'of] pQ/kfv] dxfsfnL kL7 ts

;]gf g+ 3]/] ofª tMu' bsno\ k'nf+u' /fgL k'v'nLnf >]i7 j ds/ >]i7 -Vjk_

14

Vjk kf}cfqmd0f ofu' vfg] bM. pAn] rfsl5+ kMvM bMu'ln+ ck'+gu/o\ åx]“ jo dkm" . pAn] cfgf aNnfu' u9t bMu'ln+åx“ jo\ dkm";]]ln+ Vjkof klZrd kfv]of /fgL k'v'nLjof] cfqmd0f ofª cfgfof t:s+ af“ af“nfu' Bf]ofd"lt{ nfs o+sn . u'u' d"lt{t xg'dfg Wjfsf b/jf/o\to\ o+sn . Vjkof efh'of k'v', tMk'v', /fgL k'v':jofln+ k|tfk dNnof dgo\g+ /fgL k'v' bo\s]u' dltjof] o]+of /fgL k'v' bo\su' h'O wfo\u' cg'dfg emL;+ofokm, efh' >]i7+ wfoflbn .

k"j{ dWosfno\x] g]=;+= @#( ; pAn]of o'j/fhOGb|b]j h'+ bo\s b\o"u' tMk'v' -l;4kf]v/L_ g]=;+= @*(; h'h' ?b|b]j of kfno\ rfGxo\ u'x\o ?k+, uf]Ko ?k+bo\su' u'x\o k'v' -gMk'v'_ cM tsg+ j8f g+= ! vo\ No+bMlg . cy] x] !^ cf}+ ztfAbL bo\su' efh'of k'v'b"wkf6L bMlg y'lsof oSj lnkf ltlg o]+ /fgL k'v'bo\su' vM bs >]i7 h'+ wfof lbn .

Njfk'of sf/0f+ :o+su' pu' k'v' Nxf]g]tf o]“,onof h'h' lkGtf g+ ;Mtu' vf“ Oltxf;o\ bMu' wfof]lb;]+ h'h' huHof]lt{dNnh'+ gu/of zf]ef bo\s]tf,

/fHoof k|lti7f No+s to\tf cn] ;+:s[lt Djfs to\tfgkf+ gfMd'ª -hn e08f/0f_ ofª to\tf k'v' bo\lsu'vM wMu' vf“ g+ jo\sn+ sª lbn .

Vjk b]o\ åx“– lkxf“ h'Ou' Ono\ Yjx] /fgL k'v':j :j+ jflgu' gkf+ :jlguMof :jDxf+ h'h' k'+ gkf nfª/fhgLlt j s'6gLlt vf“ NxfOu' pu' k'v'of /fhgLltss'6gLlts j wfld{s dxŒj bM. pan] k'v'nL yfxf“jg]tf bo\stMu' Njx“of tfsL -TjfyM_ cg+ No+ bMlg .gkf+ kmNrf bMlg . cn] k'v' l;yo\ n'of]]ju' cKkfoflnw+;fo cfgf g+ kmNrf bMu' cg'dfg ofo\ kmM . k'v'lyOs Njx+ lxlt g+ b h'O wfo\u' cg'dfg cfgf n'of] ju'Njx“of snfs[lt+ l;o\ bM. k'v'ofo\ blIf0f kfv] afx]s+d]yfo\ rfsl5+ lbu' Bf] bM. k/Dk/flg;]+ cIfo t[tLofv'Gx'“ yj /fgL k'v'nL k|hfklt -s'Dxf_, hf]G5], wf}e8]n,cjfn, dfgGw/ j d] d] k'+ g+ cfgf c ts lbu' k"hfªfo\s]u' ofª jof] Rj+u' vM . d]ano\ ;j{;fwf/0fto\tf;]gf+ k'v'nL rflxOs] 5j}dv' . cls+ Nxjg] w+'s ‘Gx'k'v'’gf+ tMu' y'u' /fgL k'v'nL ;sln+ hgtft jfg] bo\s]u'kxn Vjk gu/kflnsf+ ofª jof] Rj+u' vM.

‘kl/j]z’ cfzfs'df/ lrs+a~hf/

:s"no\ jfg]u' O{ h'nls+ xl/ /fdsfsfof 5]+ y]+sjflg . cn] /fd sfsfoftf Hjhnkf wfwf+ /fd ssfof sfo\s[i0foftf :s"no\ Ajª o+stf sMjO . GxofAn]+ ofo\y]+ yf} g+xl/ /fd ssfof 5]+ :s"no jfg]tf drf sMjn . /fd ssfofpu' Ono\ r'so\ Rjª Gx"u' udnf Gofª xof] Gx"u' hftof:j+df 5df lkª Rjg . j :j+dfof af/] xl/ g+ cg]tg] vf“ GoªRjg .

O{ gkf+ :j+df Ej“lrª af+nfª jn . jfp“;] Rj+u' pu":jf+df :j:j+ /fdsfsf bª\u h'of] Rjg . dlHju'g+ uy] <ydg+ lkªfu' :jf+df af“nfª tMdfª j;]ln+ .

5Gx" xl/+ Gog – ssf :j+df u'ln af“nfu' < lh+ gf5s laonf < ssfof :jR5 dlt+ no\tftf+ wfn – Ho"M ssfxyfo h'u'ln+ j yMu' Hofvo\ jfg .

aMGxL Nofxf“ j ano\ udnfo\ :j+df d¿ . j x/a/]rfof] tt;n+ xfn, Gog–yfgf Rj+u' :j+df Uj < hxfgDxf eMeMGx' Gx+' em\ofn+ Sj :j+ :j+ wfn – Uj < lh+ 5'+ x] wfo\ dkm"t .yf}+ s[i0f rfo\tf g+ xl/+ :s"n Ajª do+s . pAn] x] /fd+ em:stof larM oft . stoftf afgL dl;Os b'sfof] tou'of kmnyy] x] dv'nf h'Ou' h'O < jofu' dgo\ xl/of VjM jfHofemnemn n'dfª jof]Rjg . t/ j+ xl/ vf+ s] dkmM.

5'+ lb+ lnkf /fd sfsf xl/of 5]+ xMg] g+ yMu' Hofjfª Rj+ an] ;'s'lrª nf“o\ xfs'ltª tMu' j x] :j+df vfg .:j+df :j :j+ g'uno\ jfo\sn – yMu' d]xgt d?u' 5'+ g+lrhoftf d]lk;+ uy] dxŒj ljO{ . b]zo\ yu" kf6L{ TjMt d]u'kf6L{ jf+k'+ sfo{stf{ tou' VjM gkf+ jx] :j+dfof ch'ultn'df+s n'df+s /fd sfsf yMu' Hof jª Rjg .

lrafv

+

15

Vjk kf}

@)&% sflt{s @( ut] Vjk . g]kM rfxo" emMDxflrlgof“ ;+:s[lt j ko{6g dGqL n'cf] ;'ufª gkf+ lrlgof“k|ltlglwd08nof hMlkG;+ laxLaf/ Vjkof ;f+:s[lts;Dkbf :jou' em\jno\ ljZj ;Dkbf ;"rL vo\ nfu'Vjkof nfos', cfgf Rj+u' ªo\ªfkf em\oM, n'“ Wjfvf,tMdf¥xLof ªftfkf]Nx“ b]uM, e}n b]uM, :jof] lbnM.

jx] em\jno\ Vjk gu/kflnsfof d]o/ efh'+

lrlgof“ ko{6gdGqLHo" Vjko\ rfxo" -e|d0f_ emfnlrlgof“ dGqLHo" ;lxtof k'rMoftf n;s';of;] yfgfof;Dkbf If]q, y'lsof d" -dxŒj_ gkf+ Ejvfo\rf+ nfsu'k|efj j xfsg+ Nxf]ª bo\s Rjªfu' vf“ Aofs lbn .

Yjx] em\jno\ lrlgof“ dGqL ;'ufªh'+ Vjk gu/of;Dkbf lrlgof“ ko{6s to\lg+lt+ wfld{s tLy{:yn vMwf;]+ d]o/ k|hfkltHo"oftf ;]/fldS; -lrlgof“ rfM_ ofsk ljof] lbn;f d]o/ h'+ Dx\o\vf em\of] dltgfof lr+ljof] b\o'u' vM. jx] em\jno\ k|ltlglwd08nlkGtf egkfofk|d'v ;'lgn k|hfklt, pkk|d'v /hgL hf]zL, k'/ftTjljefuof dxflgb]{zs e]ifgf/fo0f bfxfn lkG;+ Vjkofnfo\s'nL :j+d, 9fsfof uf gkf+ tSjftk'nL laof] n;s';ofª b\o"u' vM.

16

Vjk kf}

lhldu' b]\o\ a'4 a"u' b]o\lhlk+ a'4+ KofMlk+ o'4+ b\ofMlk+lhld;+ a'4of pkb]z sy+Tofuof efjgf Ajn+sfu' b',t/jf/+ kfMj lk+t :jf“ g+ so]sfMu08sL j sf]zL laofu' b',s0ff{nL j dxfsfnL bfg ofgfu' b',pls+ lhlk+ TofuL, lhlk+ ;+tf]lif,yMlk+ ;u{ kmfof Bg] dfM;f+k|e'of ;'v :joflk+ .lhlk+ tk:jLk|e'of a/bfg+ Djfo] dfMlk+5nkf]n+ wfMy] ofgflk+cf1fsf/L lhlk+ .co\;f+ yf}+ lhldu' b]o\of d" n'vfk|e"+ ltgf Ao"u' b',gfsfaGb ofMu' b',

lhlk+ cf1fsf/L rGb|axfb'/ pns

g]k' lrgfv“

dNju' Ejf;L

EjfyM n+ lkmof stof 5+]Ejflt+ Hof of jlgDx5Dx af+nfDx ld;fofHjf“o\ Hjf“o\ lt;f ltou' s'tM/fi6«kltoft lys]u' uf8L ¤5u" t:s+ dNju' Ejf;L ¤yf} Yj lhu' b]of ¤

x x x

5fo\ vM 5' vM lhld;+ 5'+ d:o"lhldu' 5'+ å+ db' laå+ db' .lhldu' b]o\of nfufMk|e'+ ToMnf sfM;f+ dv+ 5' ofgfMu' b', d:o"5' ofgfMu' b',b]o\of snsf/vfgfk|e'oft sltnfs ldofu' b',jg ldofu' dg laofu' b',k|e'of cfb]z sy+–lhldu' b]o\of pBf]u wGbfbg]dkmo]s lhld;+ a:jfgf laofu' b',lhlk+ nf]stGqjfbLwfDx]l;t wfMy] gful/stf laofu' b',y'ln afx]s 5nkf]nof ;]jflhld;+ ul'n ofo] k}mu' <yf}+ lhldu' b]o\of hgfb]zkgf+ kg] dkmo]s v'l;af jMu' b',lblg lblg lblg lblgo'4of gu/f a'4+ yfMu' b', a'4+ yfMu' b' .

ls8\gL km]nu' lhu' b]clVtof/ b'?kof]u lgjf/0f cfof]ulhu' b]of ls8\gLt/ yf+} ls8\gL km]n h'ofl3lt l3lt h'of Rjg lhu' b]pv]+ :of y' v]+ :of y]+Njfk' dtf+u' ;/sf/ljifdHj/ y}+uan]+ dnf+u' e|i6frf/Dxl5+ 3fM Vj“ y]+x\jf+u x\jf+uu' ;8sGxofSj jf; km\j;f+dnf+u' pv'd wfMy]+uan]]+ k" djf+u' ljsf; lgdf{0f ¤¤¤

/fdk|;fb ls;L, huftL– Vjk

17

Vjk kf}

u'0fsfhL -sfG5f_ Vjkof % j8fo\ lj=;+= @))!;fno\ a'Dxf vM. josof df+ 1fgdfof skfnL Ajf a'l4nfnskfnL vM. !@ b“of pd]/] lg;]+ dfxfnL+ j a}08afhf ;o\syf+} ts dlb;]+ Gx\ofª jof] Rj+Dxf jos oftf Tjfno\u'0fsfhL bs Dxfl;Os jof] Rj+u' bM .

Yj afhf nf]s wfk' sfy+, s?0ffdo emLu' b]zo\xM;f lg;+] k'of] ju' wf;]+ cM ts yL yL wfld{s ;+:yf b]jfno,lzjfno dfxfnL+ k'of] jof] Rj+u' vfg] bM. cy]x] yL yLgvfrvf jn] Yj afhf k'Ou' vM. Yj afhf k'o yfs'u'ln+em08} tfª jflgnf wfou' l:yltvo\ Yoª\u' vM. ;DalGwtlgsfo+ y'sL Wofg dAo";f Yj afhf tª jflgu' kSsf x] vM.Yj afhfoftf Djfs to\tf dlb;]+ knf Gx\ofs jof] Rj+Dxfu'0fsfhL skfnL oftf ;Ddfg ofOu' vf“ af+nfu' x] h'n .

u'? u'0fsfhLof Olxkf @)@^ ;fno\ onhfjnfVoMof lrgLdfof skfnL gkf+ h"u' vM. josof k]Dxfsfo\ j :jDxf Dxofo\ a'u"ln cM sfo\ :jDxf j Dx\ofo\g]Dxfhs No+ bMlg . yf}+ tsvo\ josn+ Aof;L, ef]nf5]+,gMggL nflsnf uf+rf, ;'bfno\ a]08 afhf :of]ª bo"u'vM;f dfxfnL+ afhf Vjkof bQfqo, n}SjM OGb|fo0fL j yLyL yf;o\ gkf+ rf+u' j o]“of anDa'O g+ :og] w'+u' vM. cy]x]hd{gof gful/s l;df]g af]nL gkf+ ljb]zL dg"to\tf dfxfln+:o]g w'+su' vM.

;/n :jefjof u'? u'0fsfhL skfnL oftf u'7L;+:yfgof $^ bf“ So+u' n;tfof u'7L ;+:yfg+ xfg]Hof gkf+sb/ kq, d'lQm ;+uLt k|lzIf0f kfv]+ @)&) ;fno\ ;Ddfgkq j rf“u' gf/fo0f ljsf; ;ldlt kfv]+ @)&! ;fno\;Ddfg ofo\ w'+su' h'n .

josn+ k'GxL klts+ tMdfx|L -6f}d9L_ % ; h'Ou'gf}afhf AjHof gkf+ bfkmf ehgof Uj;fno\ h'Ou' yL yLwfld{s Hofvo\ Vjkof of5]+ ^ of gf} afhf u'ly+ rf}yL v'g'+gf}afhf gkf+ dfxfnL+ k'Olsu' Hof em\jM vo\ dfxfnL+ afhf k'of]

jof] Rj+u' vM. cy]x] s'df/L gkf+ :jfk' bMu' yL yL le+ Hofvo\dfxfnL+ k'otf xg'dfg Wjfsf, j;Gtk'/ o]“ dxfgu/kflnsfo\Ono\ Aono\ emfof] ;+:s[lt Djfs to\u' gkf+ u'+nf“ ano\ u'nf“wn+, ªv wn+ vo\ :jlguMof yL yL yf;o\ jfª dfxfnL+ k'o\u'Hof ofª jof Rj+u' vM. cy] x] bf“o\bf“;+ oGof ano\ o]+ OGb|hfqfHjMl5 xg'dfg Wjfsfo\ j o]+ of yL yL yf;o\ jfª dxfsfnLKofv+ gkf+ dfxfnL+ k'o\u', ;fkf? ano\ Vjkof yL yL yf;o\dxfsfnL Kofv+ gkf+ dfxfnL+ k'o\u' j yL yL le+Hofvo\ dfxfnL+k'o\u' Hof jos+ dbL;]+ ofª jof] Rj+u' vM.

josof y'u' Hofvo\ tMlx|Dxf sfo 1fg]Zj/skfnL j sfG5fDxf sfo\ eLd]Zj/ -/lj_ skfnL g+dfxfnL+ k'of] ;fy laof] jof] Rj+u' vM;f lrlx|Dxf sfo\/lj sf7df8f}+ ljZjljBfno ;+uLt Aj+lsDxf j :olgDxfu'? h'of] Rj+u' bM. y'lsof enf;fo\ /lj+ hd{g, k|mfG;,O6fnL yL yL b]zo\ dfxfnL+of w'g Go+s yMu' af+nfu'snf Ajo\ w'+su' vM . rf}tf/fo\ g+ josn+ dfxfnL+ :og]w'+su' vM. u'? u'0fsfhLof lziodWo] /f]lzsf j /f]lzshwf/L t:s+ af+nfk'+ wfof] lb;] jos lj=;+= @)&@;fno\ a]nfoto\ jfª dfxfnL+ k'of] yMu' snf So+u' vf“g+ sª lbn . u'? u'0fsfhL skfnLof wfk' sfy+ yMOno\ Aono\ dkmof] Rjlgu' cfDbfgLof gfdo\ 5yfo\ g+Gxo\kmf jf a d]yfo\ g+ Rofkmf jf ofª !% kmf jf hsj}u' vM. ;/sf/+ laOu' j[4eQf, sotf k"hf j yL yLwfld{s Hofvo\ jfg] ano\ jOu' 5'+ w]af afx]s d]u'ugfg+ w]af j}u' d? . ;DklQof gfdo\ yMs] d]u' 5'+ x]d?;f+ dfxfnL+ afhf :og]u' em\jno\ yMs] bMu' km'Ss1fg Gx"u' k':tftf :og]u' OR5f bofg+ cKjM 3fo\y]+ dg"ttof/ dh'u'ln+ josn+ b'Mv Kj+s lbn . l5slk;+ 5'+elth';f+ e/f];f laof] bo\u'ln+ Yj nfufo\ xHofo\tf k|]/0ffju" vf“ jo\s+ sª lbn . jos of OR5f k"jfg]dM wfo\u'leGt'gf b]5fof] Rjªf .

sfG5f u'0fsfhL skfnLof Dxfl;Osf

18

Vjk kf}

@)&$ sflt{s @% ut]g]kfnefiff lnlk -/~hgf, k|rlnt_ ;osk'+ Ajgfld,

lrlgof“ efiff j lsaf -au}+rf_ 5fo\lko\u' tflndof bMl;kf}Og]u' Hof xfg]axDxf d]o/ efh'+ ofª lbn . gkf+ P8\efg;;'Hof ;'o\ ;o\s]u' Hof em\jMof pn]Hof g+ ofª lbn .

@)&% sflt{s @( ut]Vjk gu/kflnsf+ rfo\s tMu' Vjk Ol~hlgol/ª

sn]h, Vjk sn]h ckm Ol~hlgol/ª Aa“ k'+ j Aj gfldljBfyL{ lkGtf g]dlskfof >4]o g]tf gf/fo0fdfg lah'S5]+h'j d]o/ efh' ;'lgn k|hfklt h'+ n;s'; of;] cled'vLs/0fofª lbn .

xxxhgjfbL u0ftGq rLgof ko{6g j ;+:s[ltdGqL n'

;'ufª h' j jos gkf+ emMk'+ hMlkGtf Vjko\ n;s'; ofªlbn .

@)&% d+l;/ ! ut]Vjkof @ j8fof Uj;fno\ h"u' ld;f to\u' kf7]3/

j :tg SofG;/ lzlj/o\ gu/k|d'v ;'lgn k|hfklt gkf+j8fcWoIf j xl/k|;fb af;'snf h'+ g+ Gjr' laof] lbn .

cy]x] ;';fs';f Hofem\jM sfy+ Vjkof /fgL k'v'nLd]o/ k|hfklth' gkf+ hgk|ltlglw j :yfgLo hgtf ldn]h'of] ;';fs';f ofu'h'n .

@)&% d+l;/ @ ut]g]kfn qmflGtsf/L lzIfs ;+3of Uj;fno\ Uju'

!)! cf}+ cS6f]j/ qmflGt lbj;o\ gu/ k|d'v ;'lgn k|hfklth'+ Gjr' laof] lbn .

v'Sju" kb\d sk elnan sf;fof pn]Hof d]o/efh' ;'lgn k|hfklt+ ofª lbn . gkf+ j8fcWoIfk'+ Zofds[i0fvqL j /fhs[i0f uf]/f g+ pkl:ylt h'of] b\o"u' vM.

@)&% d+l;/ # ut]k|b]z # of k|b]z ;/sf/, ;fdflhs ljsf;

dGqfno\of Uj;fno\ h"u' ‘5u" Ajg]s'ly 5Dxf g;{’ Hofem\jM; d]o/ efh' ;'lgn k|hfklth'+ Gjr' laof] lbn .

cy]x] O6x/L pkdxfgu/kflnsfof d]o/ efh'åfl/sfnfn rf}w/L gkf+ emMk'+ josof k'rM gkf+ d]o/k|hfklt+ gfknfª v“Nxfa“Nxf ofª lbn .

@)&% d+l;/ $ ut]Vjk gu/kflnsf+ bo\s] tf+u' Vjk c:ktfnof ljifo

8sdL+ l;sdL{+of d'+Hofo\ d]o/ efh' ;'lgn k|hfklt pkdo]/do\h' /hgL hf]zL j8fcWoIfk'+ /ljGb| HofVj j ps]zsjf+ h' lk;+ Nxnf;Nxf ofª lbn .

@)&% d+l;/ % ut]Vjk gu/kflnsf kfv]+ Gx\ofs tMu' yL yL sn]hof

bYjL h'u' elt+Ujf/f sf;f of lw+ lw+ anfof pn]Hof d]o/efh' ;'lgn k|hfklth'+ ofª lbn .

@)&% d+l;/ &Vjk j8f g+= ( of tnft'+ly kmNrfof pn]Hof k|d'v

;'lgn k|hfklth'+ ofª lbn .;+:s[lt, ko{6g j gful/s p8\8og dGqLHo" kfv]+ Vjk

nfo\s'lnof l;l4nIdL b]uMof tMrf nM Nxfª sfof lbn .Vjk gu/kflnsfof Uj;fno\ h"u' yL yL Ajg]

s'ly Aofu' sf;fo UjfxfnLld lkGtf bl; kf} nM Nxfo\u' Hofd]o/ ;'lgn k|hfklt kfv]+ h'n .

@)&% d+l;/ (Vjk gu/kflnsfof Uj;fno\ Vjkof ;f+:s[lts

u'? lklgu' d'g]Hof of;] d]o/ efh'+ gu/kflnsfof cfh'sª lbn .

Vjk gu/kflnsf kfv]+ rfo\s tMu' Vjk sn]hckm Ol~hlgol/ª sn]hof !) su' a'lb+ of n;tfo h'Ou'/f]af]l6S; lw+ lw+ anfsf;fof pn]]Hof d]o/ efh' ;'lgnk|hfkltHo"+ ofª lbn .

@)&% d+l;/ !) ut]hª\ud k|lti7fg, hª\ud d7 Vjk of Uj;fno\

jL/z}j hª\ud ;+u|xfno tyf Vjk ;+:s[lt cWoog s]Gb|rfo\s]u' Hof em\jM ztfAbL k'?if ;Todf]xg hf]zLh'+ pn

No+ bMu' Hofem\jM !( klt vo\

Vjk gu/kflnsfof Hof em\jM t

19

Vjk kf}

@)&% d+l;/ ^ ut] g]dlskfof gfof] efh'gf/fo0fdfg lah'S5]+ -/f]lxt_ h' kfv]+ hgjfbL u0ftGqrLgof g]kMof nflu /fhb"t h'of] emMDxf o" xf]ª h'oftfgfknfª labfO laof] lbn . gfknfo\u' em\jno\ lah'S5]+h'+g]kM j rLgof by'O P]ltxfl;s :jfk' oftf cem Sjft's]oflg+lt+ ;+:s[lt, efiff j ko{6goftf sfn lan ofo\ dMu'vf“ lGxyfª lbn .

b/fhof vfkf rfo\s]tf t“rf dMy]+ efo g+ cy] x] g'uMvf“ Kj+s]tf dxŒjk"0f{ h'u'ln+ Gx"u' k':tf+ lrlgof“ efo\ ;o\s]u'lnxlrn Rj+u' vf“ gkf+ cd]l/sf j rLg by'O{ Jofkf/ o'4 h"u'ln+6«Dkof y'u' gLltv+ cd]l/sL gful/s to\tf j ;+;f/of km'Sshgtf to\tf b'Mv h'Ou' vf“ sª lbn .

Nofl6g cd]l/sf j clk|msf gkf+ rLg ldnh'of]Hof;fª Rj+u' gkf+ :jfk'of ljifono\ yMlk;+ Rj;' tRjof Rjªfu'ln+ Gx"u' k':tf+ rLg j k//fi6« gLltof ljifoAofSj y'Os Rj+u' bM. rLgof k//fi6« gLlt oftf ;+;f/of5u" g]u' b]z+ afx]s+ km'Ssl;g+ of] tfo\s Rj+u' hs dv' Yj;+;f/of lg+lt+ af“nfu' j le+u' gLlt vM wfof] lbn .

gfknfo\u' em\jno\ /fhb"t o" xf]ª g+ wfof] lbn–l5tf -lah'S5]+ Ho" oftf_ cGt/f{li6«o kl/l:yltof ljifo

AofSs+ y"Dxf lnkfYo+sof b"/bzL{ larM bMDxf 5Dxflj4fgsy+ lh+ -o' xf]ª+_ ;Ddfg ofª Rjªf . c rLg gkf+cd]l/sf+ u'u', ;fdgf ofª Rj+u' vM chu' ;fdgf Yjg+Gxkf cd]l/sf+ u'An] g+ kmo\ DjM. 5u" b]zo\ 5'+ g+ j:t'bos]tf oSj b]of UjfxfnL b} . Jofkf/o'4 v+ cd]l/sf jrLgoftf yfs'O u'of+ h'n gkf+ psL+ d] d]u' by'Oof b]to\tf g+ cy] x] yfs'Ou' h'n . pu' gfknfo\u' j labfOofem\jno\ gfof] efh' lah'S5]+ h'+ dltgfof lr+of ?ko\Dx\o\vf em\of] nM Nxfª lan;f /fhb"t o" xf]ª h'+ /+uLgkf08f pkxf/ laof] bo"u' vM.

g]dlskfof gfof] efh' gf/fo0fdfg lah'S5]+Ho"kfv]+ lrlgof“ /fhb"t o' xf]ª h' oftf labfO

Vjk gu/kflnsfof ===b\o"u' vM. pu' Hof em\jM ; Vjkof d]o/ efh' ;'lgnk|hfklt h'+ k'vf+{ bo\su' ;DklQ No+s j le+s to\u' emLu'bfloTj vM wfo\u' vf“ sfª lbn .

cy]x] g]kfn alS;ª ;+3of Uj;fno\ h"u' alS;ª sf;fo\Vjk gu/kflnsfof sf;fld ;'hg kf}8]n+ :j0f{kbs Tofsn .

@)&% d+l;/ !! ut]Vjkof !)* /f]kgL hUuf j xg'dGt] v';Lof lg/LIf0f

gu/k|d'v ;'lgn k|hfklt, k|lhc gf/fo0fk|;fb e§ j

eQmk'/ lhNnf l8lehg ;8sof Ol~hlgo/ a]naxfb'/e'h]]n gkf+ j8fcWoIf lk;+ :ynut lg/LIf0f ofª lbn .

xxxVjk gkfof d]o/ efh' ;'lgn k|hfklth'+ ;femf

k|sfzgof cjnf]sg ofª lbn .Vjk gkfof d]o/ efh' ;'lgn k|hfklt h'+ ;+3Lo

dfldnf tyf ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqL nfnafa' kl08th'oftfgkfnfª gu/kflnsfof yL yL ;d:ofof ljifo;+ Nxnf;Nnfofªlbn .

20

Vjk kf}

Vjk gu/kflnsfof Hof em\jM t

egkf k|d'v ;'lgn k|hfklth'g+ ;+:s[lt, ko{6g j gful/s p8\8og dGqLHo"kfv]+ Vjk nfo\s'lnof l;l4nIdL b]uMof tMrf nM Nxfª sfof lbn .

Vjkof !)* /f]kgL hUuf j xg'dGt] v';Lof lg/LIf0fgu/k|d'v ;'lgn k|hfklt, k|lhc gf/fo0fk|;fb e§ jeQmk'/ lhNnf l8lehg Ol~hlgo/ a]naxfb'/ e'h]]n gkf+j8fcWoIf lk;+ :ynut lg/LIf0f ofª lbn .

Vjk gu/kflnsfof Uj;fno\ h"u' yL yL Ajg]s'ly Aofu' sf;fo UjfxfnLld lkGtf no\tf kf} nM Nxfo\u'Hof d]o/ ;'lgn k|hfklt kfv]+ h'n .

Vjk gkfof d]o/ efh' ;'lgn k|hfklt h'+ ;+3Lo dfldnftyf ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqL nfnafa' kl08th'oftf gkfnfªgu/kflnsfof yL yL ;d:ofof ljifon] Nxnf;Nnf ofªlbn .

Vjk j8f g+= ( of tnft'+yL kmNrfof pn]Hof k|d'v;'lgn k|hfklth'+ ofª lbn .

Vjk O= sn]hof Uj;fn] h'u' /f]af]6 lw+lw+ anf sf;fofpn]Hof k|d'v k|hfklt ofª lbn