NCCER Module 00106

Copyright © 2015 by NCCER, Alachua, FL 32615. Published by Pearson. All rights reserved.

Introduction to Basic Rigging

Session Two

Hardware, Hoists, and Hitches

Module 00106 – Introduction to Basic Rigging

Objectives

When trainees have completed this session, they should be able to do the following:

1. Identify and describe various types of rigging slings, hardware, and equipment.

a. Identify and describe various types of slings.

b. Describe how to inspect various types of slings.

c. Identify and describe how to inspect common rigging hardware.

d. Identify and describe various types of hoists.

e. Identify and describe basic rigging hitches and the related Emergency Stop hand signal.

Module 00106 – Introduction to Basic Rigging

Performance Task

1. Demonstrate the proper ASME Emergency Stop hand signal.

Module 00106 – Introduction to Basic Rigging

1.3.1 – Shackles

Screw-pin chain and anchor shackles are the most common.

Module 00106 – Introduction to Basic Rigging

1.3.1 – Screw Pin Shackles

Screw pin shackles should not be over-tightened; tools should not be necessary. Avoid placing the load against the pin.

Module 00106 – Introduction to Basic Rigging

1.3.2 – Eyebolts

Unless an eyebolt has a shoulder, it should only be used for a straight vertical lift.

Module 00106 – Introduction to Basic Rigging

1.3.3 – Lifting Clamps

Lifting clamps are handy for moving sheet material or other thin-walled components, such as sheet piles and large pipe.

Module 00106 – Introduction to Basic Rigging

1.3.3 – Rejection Criteria for Lifting Clamps

Like other rigging hardware, lifting clamps should be inspected prior to each use.

Module 00106 – Introduction to Basic Rigging

1.3.4 – Rigging Hooks

Rigging hooks are available in a surprising number of

configurations.

Module 00106 – Introduction to Basic Rigging

1.3.4 – Rigging Hook Defects

As durable as they may seem, rigging operations and mishandling can permanently damage these components.

Module 00106 – Introduction to Basic Rigging

1.4.0 – Chain Hoists

Chain hoists with a hook on the top can be taken to the job site and quickly set up. In an open area, an A-frame can also be set up over the load to provide an anchor point.

Module 00106 – Introduction to Basic Rigging

1.4.0 – Chain Hoist Gear System

The gearing system of the hoist is the secret to its lifting power.

Module 00106 – Introduction to Basic Rigging

1.4.2 – Ratchet Lever Hoists

A ratchet-lever chain hoist is typically designed for use in lifting.

Cable come-alongs are generally not a safe choice for any type of lifting or critical pull where an unexpected release can cause property damage or injury.

Module 00106 – Introduction to Basic Rigging

1.5.1 – Vertical Hitch

A hitch is created using slings and other rigging hardware to form the connection between the lifting equipment and the load.

Tag lines are often necessary to further control the load, especially to prevent spinning.

Module 00106 – Introduction to Basic Rigging

1.5.1 – Bridle Hitch

A bridle hitch is formed using two or more single hitches.

Module 00106 – Introduction to Basic Rigging

1.5.2 – Choker Hitch

Avoid placing the load against the pin of a shackle.

Module 00106 – Introduction to Basic Rigging

1.5.2 – Choker Hitch Constriction

It may be tempting to use a simple hook to create a choker quickly. A shackle must be used for this purpose.

Module 00106 – Introduction to Basic Rigging

1.5.2 – Double-Wrap Choker Hitch

Bundles of loose items are best handled with the double-wrap choker hitch. There is nothing to gain by jamming the shackle down to create a tighter choke – additional stress is actually created this way.

Module 00106 – Introduction to Basic Rigging

1.5.4 – The Emergency Stop Signal

This is the one and only hand signal that anyone can present in the midst of a rigging operation, regardless of skill level.

Only qualified riggers should direct a lifting operation through hand

signals.

Module 00106 – Introduction to Basic Rigging

Wrap Up – Trade Terms (1 of 7)

Block and tackle – A simple rope-and-pulley system used to lift loads.

Bridle – A configuration using two or more slings to connect a load to a single hoist hook.

Bull ring – A single ring used to attach multiple slings to a hoist hook.

Core – Center support member of a wire rope around which the strands are laid.

Hitch – The rigging configuration by which a sling connects the load to the hoist hook. The three basic types of hitches are vertical, choker, and basket.

Module 00106 – Introduction to Basic Rigging

Wrap Up – Trade Terms (2 of 7)

Hoist – A device that applies a mechanical force for lifting or lowering a load.

Lifting clamp – A device used to move loads such as steel plates or concrete panels without the use of slings.

Load – The total amount of what is being lifted, including all slings, hitches, and hardware.

Load control – The safe and efficient practice of load manipulation, using proper communication and handling techniques.

Load stress – The strain or tension applied on the rigging by the weight of the suspended load.

Module 00106 – Introduction to Basic Rigging

Wrap Up – Trade Terms (3 of 7)

Master link – The main connection fitting for chain slings.

One-rope lay – The lengthwise distance it takes for one strand of a wire rope to make one complete turn around the core.

Plane – A surface in which a straight line joining two points lies wholly within that surface.

Rated capacity – The maximum load weight a sling or piece of hardware or equipment can hold or lift. Also referred to as the working load limit (WLL).

Rejection criteria – Standards, rules, or tests on which a decision can be based to remove an object or device from service because it is no longer safe.

Module 00106 – Introduction to Basic Rigging

Wrap Up – Trade Terms (4 of 7)

Rigging hook – An item of rigging hardware used to attach a sling to a load.

Shackle – Coupling device used in an appropriate lifting apparatus to connect the rope to eye fittings, hooks, or other connectors.

Sheave – A grooved pulley-wheel for changing the direction of a rope’s pull; often found on a crane.

Sling – Wire rope, alloy steel chain, metal mesh fabric, synthetic rope, synthetic webbing, or jacketed synthetic continuous loop fibers made into forms, with or without end fittings, used to handle loads.

Module 00106 – Introduction to Basic Rigging

Wrap Up – Trade Terms (5 of 7)

Sling legs – The parts of the sling that reach from the attachment device around the object being lifted.

Sling reach – A measure taken from the master link of the sling, where it bears weight, to either the end fitting of the sling or the lowest point on the basket.

Splice – To join together.

Strand – A group of wires wound, or laid, around a center wire, or core. Strands are laid around a supporting core to form a rope.

Tag line – Rope that runs from the load to the ground. Riggers hold on to tag lines to keep a load from swinging or spinning during the lift.

Module 00106 – Introduction to Basic Rigging

Wrap Up – Trade Terms (6 of 7)

Tattle-tail – Cord attached to the strands of an endless loop sling. It protrudes from the jacket and is used to determine if the sling has been stretched or overloaded.

Threaded shank – A connecting end of a fastener, such as a bolt, with a series of spiral grooves cut into it. The grooves are designed to mate with grooves cut into another object in order to join them together.

Unstranding – Describes wire rope strands that have become untwisted. This weakens the rope and makes it easier to break.

Module 00106 – Introduction to Basic Rigging

Wrap Up – Trade Terms (7 of 7)

Warning yarn – A sling component that shows the rigger whether the sling has suffered too much damage to be used.

Wire rope – A rope made from steel wires that are formed into strands and then laid around a supporting core to form a complete rope; sometimes called cable.

Next Session…

Module Review and Exam

Review the complete module to prepare for the module exam. In addition, complete the Module Review and Trade Terms Quiz.